2014年秋高中英語(yǔ) Module 6 Animals in Danger 語(yǔ)法透析講解 外研版必修

1、2014年秋高中英語(yǔ) Module 6 Animals in Danger 語(yǔ)法透析講解 外研版必修5一、語(yǔ)意重復(fù)。定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中都要充當(dāng)一定的成分，所以從句里相應(yīng)的句子成分不能再保留，否則就犯了語(yǔ)意重復(fù)的錯(cuò)誤。如：The main topic people are often talking about at present is personal cars.The main topic是先行詞，關(guān)系代詞that或which在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，被省略了，所以做賓語(yǔ)的替代詞it不能再出現(xiàn)了。二、分裂現(xiàn)象。如無(wú)特殊原因，定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)緊跟在先行詞之后。如：Everything that has

2、 weight and occupies space is called matter.初學(xué)者很容易將此意表達(dá)成：Everything is called matter that has weight and occupies space. 這就是人為地造成的分裂現(xiàn)象。但是有時(shí)定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞之間需要插入定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)時(shí)則另當(dāng)別論。如：There is an expression in his eyes that I cannot understand.先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間被in his eyes隔開(kāi)了。三、主、謂不一致。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該和先行詞的數(shù)與格保持一致

3、，否則就是犯了主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。如：God bless this ship and all that sail in her. (Bible)本例先行詞all指的是“所有的人”，所以定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)不能用sails。四、關(guān)系代詞that、who直接置于介詞后。關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞必須用which（指物）或 whom (指人)，而且不能省略。如果把介詞放到句子的后部去，這時(shí)關(guān)系代詞可用that或who,也可以把它們省略。如：The cost at which we produce the cars has been greatly reduced. 由于關(guān)系代詞直接置于介詞at之后，所以

4、只能用which，而且不能省略。五、關(guān)系代詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的誤用。不管先行詞是指人還是物，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，都必須用whose；但指物時(shí)，還可以用“the + 名詞 + of which”或“which of its + 名詞”的形式表示。如：This is a new digital control machine tool whose functions are very advanced.本例中的whose functions還可以用which of its functions或者the functions of which替換。1 / 3六、關(guān)系代詞that的誤用。先行詞是以下某種情

5、形時(shí)，必須用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句：（1）被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾；（2）被every, only, any, just, right, no等詞修飾；（3）是all, few, little, much, none, some以及anything, everything, nothing （something不受此限制）等不定代詞；（4）同時(shí)為人和物；（5）為疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)。如:Everything that appears on the Internet is very appealing.初學(xué)者由于記得不牢，此時(shí)常常誤用which引導(dǎo)。七、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句誤用that作引導(dǎo)詞。引導(dǎo)非限制性定

6、語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，不能用that，必須用which。此外可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的還有who，whom，where，when，as等關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞,而且不能省略。如：The Italian team defeated the German team, which some people had expected.此時(shí)還可以將which換成as，意思是“正如有的人已經(jīng)預(yù)料到的一樣”。八、as和which的誤用。非限制性從句前置于句首時(shí)，不能用which，而要用as來(lái)引導(dǎo)。如：As is well known to us all, life cant exist without air or wate

7、r.但是如果從句后置，則兩者皆可以，只是意思略有區(qū)別（as譯作“正如”，which譯作“這一點(diǎn)”等）。如果定語(yǔ)從句是否定形式或從句謂語(yǔ)帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，則只能用which引導(dǎo)。如：The Brazilian team was defeated by the French team, which we hadnt expected.九、the same . that和the same . as的誤用。注意兩者的區(qū)別：the same . that指“同一人（物）”；而the same . as指“同一類(lèi)人（物）”。如：The people in many other Asian countries have the same custom as we Chinese have.根據(jù)例句的含義，可知這里只能用關(guān)系代詞as，不能用that，因?yàn)楸磉_(dá)的意思是“相似”。十、關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞的誤用。如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)；如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)。如：Hawaii is a beautiful place (which / that) all the people look forward to vi