英語本科畢業(yè)論文論雪萊的自由之路

1、 本科畢業(yè)論文 論雪萊的自由之路學(xué)生姓名： 學(xué)生學(xué)號： 200320207005 院（系）： 外國語學(xué)院 年級專業(yè)： 2003級英語本科3班 指導(dǎo)教師： 二七年五月Analysis of Shelley's Freedom RoadHu PingUnder the Supervision ofMa DongSchool of Foreign Languages and CulturesPanzhihua UniversityMay 2007ContentsAbstractIKey WordsI摘要關(guān)鍵詞Introduction1I. Historical Context2II. The

2、 Life of the Rebellious Poet3 A. Field Place3 B. Punishment to the Antitheist 3 C. The Marriage in Scotland4 D. The Christ of Ireland4 E. The Regeneration of the Goddess5 F. The Angel of the Poor People5 G. The Bright Spring in Rome6 H. The Last Storm6III. The Analysis of Some of His Master Pie

3、ces7 A. The Real Beginning of His Writing-Queen Mab7 B. The Philosophical Poem of the Revolutionary Struggle -The Revolt of Islam8 C. The Glorious Carol-Prometheus Unbound9 D. The Master Piece of Realism-The Cenci10 E. The Genius Prophet-Ode to West Wind11Conclusion12Acknowledgements13Note14Bibliorg

4、raphy15AbstractThe European Revolution broke out in 1848. There were impoverished people who strived for the freedom everywhere. Shelley is rebellious when he is a child. He pursues the individual freedom, the freedom of thought which is the common goal of people in his era. He m

5、erges the two into a whole. For this reason, he has endured the pains that the ordinary people could not have beared.At first, the thesis introduces the social context, the living condition, and his characters. It introduces his living conditions from Field Place, the place where he was bo

6、rn, to Ireland, to Italy, and to Rome. These are the places he visited, and also are the road of the development of his mind. And then the thesis gives analysis to some of his master pieces such as: Queen Mab written in 1813 which shows the path of his mental development, and symbolizes the beg

7、inning of Shelleys writing. As for his later works, The Revolt of Islam and The Cenci and Prometheus Unbound, they demonstrate that he tries to give an answer for the muttons by means of poem. He thinks the nature can give him inspiration. During his lifetime, he writes many poems about the nature,

8、for example: To Skylark, Ode to West Wind, etc. In the end, it comes to the conclusion that no matter what difficulty Shelley faces, he does not give up easily. He holds to his convictions in his entire lifetime and never changes. Key Wordsfreedom; progress; poetry摘要在1848年，歐洲革命四起，到處是貧困的人民，到處都是爭取自由的斗

9、爭雪萊從小就富于反抗精神他本人追求人身的自由，思想的自由而時代的目標(biāo)也是追求人類的自由他將兩者融為一體為此，他忍受了常人沒有有過的痛苦，過著漂泊的一生在論文中,首先介紹的是引起雪萊心理變化發(fā)展的因素從當(dāng)時的社會環(huán)境，他自身的生活環(huán)境，以及他的個性性格進(jìn)行分析，然后通過分析他的代表詩作去分析他的思想具體從心理學(xué)的角度去分析作品中隱含的中心思想，以及同一時期作者本身的經(jīng)歷對作品創(chuàng)作本身的影響主要介紹了生活背景,以時間為順序,從菲爾德莊園,到愛爾蘭,到意大利,再到羅馬.這是他所走過的路,同時也是他的心里發(fā)展的一個過程.然后,我選擇了他的一些代表作來進(jìn)行分析.寫于1813年的麥布女王是詩人寫作生涯的真

10、正開始.伊斯蘭的起義、欽起、解放了的普羅米修斯,這三部作品都表明了詩人極力以詩歌的形式來對當(dāng)前的問題做出回答.同時,作者本身還很熱愛大自然.他認(rèn)為自然可以給他靈感.詩人同樣也作了很多關(guān)于自然的詩歌,比如:致云雀.在論文里,我介紹了他的另一篇代表作西風(fēng)頌.最后,得出結(jié)論:不論遇到什么樣的困難,雪萊都不輕易放棄.一生堅持他自己的信念一直沒有改變過.關(guān)鍵詞自由；歷程；詩歌IntroductionLife is precious and love is merely valuable, yet for the sake of freedom both can be sacrificed. Petofi

11、Percy Bysshe Shelley was born on August 4, 1792, at Field Place, near Horsham in Sussex, into an aristocratic family. Shelley, as a poet, is appraised in Great Britain Encyclopedia like this," at a great poetry's age, he writes the greatest love poetry, the greatest tragedy, the greatest ly

12、ric poetry, the greatest elegy poetry, and much other incomparable poetry."Shelley writes many poems in all his life. He put his eyes on the glorious future through the political darkness and his own bitter. He aims at building a perfect world that everybody could enjoy the freedom and the happ

13、iness. After his death, his wife, Mary, publishes many of his poems. At last, Shelley becomes "the heart of hearts"(the epitaph to Shelley). Because what he knows and feels just is the inner feeling of the inner heart. Guo Moruo speaks very highly of Shelley," He is the child of

14、nature, the Atheism's disciple, the pioneer of revolutionary idea. His poetry is his life, and his life is a wonderful poem. The poem which is not written whole heartedly is not really a poem."I. Historical ContextLeontief has said," the analysis of an individuals mental process mostly

15、 depends on the individuals livelihood in the social condition and paeticular condition."In England, the Industrial Revolution changes the society thoroughly (at the beginning of 19 century). The society is divided into two parts. One group is the nobility, the capitalist and the riches. T

16、he other group is the poor proletariat. But the proletariat is very weak. The nobility holds the power in their hands.  Under the control of the reactionary forces, the Labor Movement does not stop. So there comes into being the England romantic literature.The England romantic literature f

17、irst originates in the poetry field, and the representatives all are poets. Because of advocating natural world, and stressing emotion, and perusing ideal, the new trying and satisfying get an unprecedented broad free space. As well as there are more talent poets, under their great efforts, the lang

18、uage art get into a brand new developing stage. Especially the lyric poem, it gets into the unprecedented mature state.These romantic poets guide the England poetry to the stage of the heights of the world literature. But the highest achievement of lyric poems is made by Shelley. He is acknowledged

19、as one of the few best lyric poets. Even his philosophic poem, narrative poem, and his prose also are filled with strong emotion.Shelley is one of the learned persons (on 19th century). He is born with a silver spoon in his mouth, but shows compassion for the poor people when he is a child. He engag

20、ed in the political and social activity enthusiasm but failed. After that, he is forced to move to Italy, and then, becomes a professional writer.During the time of staying in Italy, he also pays close attention to the political struggle and social condition in England and some European countri

21、es.II. The Life of the Rebellious PoetIn the normal conditions, the main inmpetus in producing literary works comes from the areas outside the literature. The most important creation mood is the social mood. The social mood is caused by the social life, and the social condition.A. Field Pl

22、acePercy Bysshe Shelley is born into a rich family. His father is a rather conservative member of parliament, and fears the new idea like fearing fire. His mother is the famous beauty in Sussex. Shelley, like his mother, is handsome, gentle and elegant. But his mother thinks that the ideal

23、 man shall be strong and elegant. So his mother dislikes him. In his childhood, he always feels constrained, bounded, depressed and alone. In front of his house, there are the large square, and garden, and big forest. When spring comes, in the shade of the green, the house is so beautiful.

24、 And Shelley spends his childhood here.The elegant nature edifies the poet. But the critical family rule leaves him with a feeling of deep hurt.B. Punishment to the AntitheistHe goes to Oxford University where he and a close friend write a pamphlet named the Necessity of Atheism (in 1

25、810).Every time he returns to Field Place, there will be full of happiness. But before he writes the pamphlet, he has written to his sister to publicize the Atheism idea, his mother does not allow her daughters to contact with him any more. And Harriet also is engaged herself to

26、another gentleman. The sudden changes make him suffer great strike in spirit. So when he returns to university, he writes the pamphlet.After the publication of the pamphlet, he and his friend are expelled. His father also breaks off all the economy supplies. This is another great blow to him. B

27、ut for the great ideas, he does not lower his head to his father. For defending individual dignity and freedom of belief, he pays enormous price. Deprived economy is a intense cruelly oppression that he can not control, and it makes him dreadful and despaired.  C. The Marriage in ScotlandF

28、or defending individual dignity and freedom of belief, he pays enormous price. So Shelley goes to London and then fall in love with a young girl, Harriet Westbrook. The girl is attracted by Shelley's revolutionary ideas and doctrines. Shelley considers Harriet as the incarnation of the Goddess.

29、Harriet also just pays more attention to his family and his money. To help the unlucky girl, he decides to elope with Harriet. They go to Edinburgh and get a runway marriage.Shelley's marriage shows his treasonous inspiration, and his distinct individuality. He maintains his dignity at any cost.

30、D. The Christ of IrelandThey go to Kaxic, the capital of Kenbelan, where the mountains, the rivers and the clouds give Shelley unforgettable impression (in 1811). However he pays more attention to the people's poor life.He goes to Ireland where he encourages the people to stand up for their

31、 rights (in 1812). The pair spends the following two years distributing pamphlets and speaking against political injustice.There are tribulations everywhere in England. But under the control of the England government, the Irish people have more and more poor life.To realize the socialism, he goes to

32、 Duberlin where he finds that the people there are poorer than the people in Ireland. In the letter he has written to Godwin," the poor people in Duberlin are the poorest people. There are hundreds of thousands of people in a small alley. I felt that I must lesson those people who have tra

33、mpled on the poor people and lead them to the worst condition more than death."So he publishes address to the Irish people, and expresses the eroticization to the capitalists, and shows his famous view about the condition and calls up their minds of striving for independence. He publishes the B

34、ill of Rights. The poem shows the Irish could get their freedom and independence by non-violent means. But he also realizes that his struggle can not have any effects.He has a genius foresight, and realizes the unavoidability of the failure, and the coming victory.E. The Regeneration of the Goddess&

35、#160;The pair goes to Duberlin (in 1813). Harriet has a daughter, and then Harriet have a big change. She pays no attention to the family, revels in enjoyment. Shelley always has a simple life. Because of the difference in life-style and aspiration, the barrier between them increases

36、bigger. Shelley is very dejected. He finally realizes that his wife is not his real Goddess.He meets Mary (one day on July in 1813). He finds the perfect embodiment of the hero's spirit, and the woman's tenderness from Marry, and thinks Mary as the ideal woman. Mary knows Shel

37、ley's unlucky family from his words, and she also tells Shelley her inner pang. He thinks that Mary is the real incarnation of the Goddess.He wants to stay with Mary. He also knows that Harriet have abandoned him. So he determines to tell Harriet his mind has been caught with Marry, an

38、d has no way to shake off Marys charm.Shelley often is sanguine. He tramples on the traditional rules and laws. But he has suffered great pains in his mind. It just is the true embodiment that the social pressure presses a kindhearted but wounded soul. He tramples on the ruling class&

39、#39;s marriage rule again, and decides to abscond with Mary.F. The Angel of Poor PeopleShelley gets marriage with Mary. After that, they want to have a real and lasting family. They buy a house in Mara town.The town is very small. After living for a certain time, all the people know the handsome man

40、 just is "evil person" Shelley who has been banished to deprive of bringing up the children. People pay more attention to the little girl, Alalie. She has no father. The upper class wants to beat him to death, so they frame that the little girl is Shelley's daughter. Mary has said

41、 the little girl is the child of her friend. But people find that Claire have special feeling to Alalie.But Shelley also becomes the town's Angel. Because of the Napoleonic Wars, the market is depressed, and the price have soared, and the salary have lowered, and the number of unemployment have

42、increased in England, people always organize protests and strike to revolt. However the government suppresses their resistance by all means. Shelley helps the poor people in his power. For example, he walks on the road and meets an old woman without any shoes, and gives her his own shoes, and then g

43、oes home. And these things change the people's view to him. So as to forty years later, the Mara people say that everywhere that Shelley have been is holy.G. The Bright Spring in RomeShelley leaves to Italy with Mary and Claire and the children (in 1813). Italy is the hometown of the traditional

44、 Rome literature. There he exerts his ability of writing.But the Claire's death breaks the peace. For beguiling his sorrow, they decide to go to Rome (in 1819).The sun shines and it is very warm and suitable in spring in Rome. He feels the power of life and the desire of writing.His only so

45、n Williams die (on June in 1819). The unlucky event takes out their happiness and peace. It is lucky that Mary have had another baby. For taking care of Mary, they decide to go to Florence.For the pairs who love the Rome literature and natural beauty, the Florence itself is the best doctor, and

46、 also is the hometown of Dante whom is worshipped by Shelley. They feel comfortable living here. Mary have a boy named Percy Florence to commemorate the city that give them happiness and new hopes (on November in 1819).H. The Last StormShelley suffers many prosecutions in his life. So

47、 he pays no more attention to the other things except his friends.He always indulges in reveries about the future, so as to forget who exists. He sees many ugly events in life, and only gets the beauty from nature and his friends to ease his heart.To welcome his friend Leigh 

48、;Hunt, he sails to Leghorn. During the stormy return voyage to Lerici, his small schooner the Ariel sink and Shelley drown with Edward Williams on July 8, 1822. III.

49、 The Analysis of Some of His Master PiecesJust like his life, his poems also have strong revolutionary temperament. In his works, he reseals the reality's evil, and longs for the future and explores the way of the revolution. So he suffers the ruling class's unfair treatment, even

50、persecution. But they can not block the spirit of fight. A. The Real Beginning of His Writing-Queen MabThe English government pays attention to Shelley because of what he does in Ireland. So he goes to London (on October, 1812), and stays here for only one month. But it is an important beg

51、inning for his mind, his writing and his life.One day, he visits Godwin with Harriet. And then, the two families make a friendship.Shelley visits the Godwins every night, and they talk about philosophy, and literature. Each time, Fane and Jane are so happy, and listen to Shelley all the ni

52、ght. Shelley talks his new idea and his illustration. The two girls admire his pretty, and his literacy, and adore his idea. But they later find that what Harriet does is merely a copy of what Shelley has done. After the pairs leave, the two girls always feel pity for Shelley. They think t

53、hat Harriet is not suitable for Shelley. In this family, Shelley feels the real heart's harmony.He wrote his first long philosophical poem-Queen Mab (in 1813). It just is the beginning of his writing. In the poem, Shelley summarizes his formerly idea, and shows his present political view, and ph

54、ilosophical view. Queen Mab has been written in form of illustration. It narrates that a girl named Aianti sleep, and her soul is brought into another world by the legendary magician-Queen Mab. The magician let her see the human's yesterday, today and tomorrow in the broad universe. The poe

55、t accuses the ruling class's evil through the phenomena which have been seen by Aianti.But today is the capitalist's world. All the things can be acute. They make a large fortune while producing poverty, famine and disaster to the majority of people.Tomorrow is the poet's dream. He belie

56、ves that the bright world will come, and the love and freedom will replace the tyranny in the future world. This is Shelley's early social ideal.In his idea, the most valuable thing is that he believes the humanity have ideal future however the reality is dark. This optimism runs

57、through in all his works.B. The Philosophical Poem of the Revolutionary Struggle-The Revolt of IslamThis poem has been written when he is in Mara town. It talks tends of the European after the French Revolution. It also exposes the evil in Europe, and describes the long-range of the i

58、deal society.The French Revolution convulses the Europe, and has a profound effect. But the revolution suffers frustration. The big bourgeoisie usurps the production of the revolution. And Napoleon practices coercion policy and make longtime war with other countries. The countries that headed by Eng

59、land organizes the fourth, the fifth and the sixth alliance to oppose French, and they successes (after 1806). Therefore, the whole Europe gets into a worse condition.Because of the economic blockade and the depletion of the war, there is an economic depression in England. The price has soared, the

60、salary has reduced, the un-employed people have increased, and the peoples life is poorer. So there are the parades and strike. But the ruling class suppresses the peoples revolt by all mean.All the Europe is in the shade of darkness. Thus the French Revolution fails thoroughly. The advanced intelligentsia begins to think these problems, such as, the fu