大學(xué)英語第一冊課件：Unit 4 Active reading 2

1、Resources Raising the cultural awareness of students Developing critical thinking by using comparison and contrast skills Helping students use what they have learned to express ideas about cultural differencesInterpersonal distancesCultural conflictChinese taboosMoreWatch a video about Chinese taboo

2、s and complete the following tasks.Chinese taboosoffend v. 使不快，冒犯 rack our brains 絞盡腦汁ornamental adj. 裝飾用的，觀賞用的funeral n. 葬禮absurd adj. 荒謬的，可笑的chrysanthemum n. 菊花fascinating adj. 有極大吸引力的，迷人的Words and expressionsMoreWork in pairs and summarize the Chinese taboos mentioned in the video, and then talk

3、about more taboos you know.Dont give clock as a present to Chinese people, especially older ones, because it has funeral connotation. The wordfor “clock” has the same pronunciation as the Chinese word “zhong”, meaning “the end of ones life”.MoreAvoid the number “four” because the pronunciation of th

4、e word “four” is “si”, the same as the word for death.Death?Never bring chrysanthemums when you pay a visit to a Chinese family because they are a symbol of death.MoreOn the eve of the Spring Festival, Chinese people dont entirely finish eating fish. The pronunciation of the word for “fish” is “yu”,

5、 and Chinese would like to say “niannianyouyu”, meaning “one must leave something for the next year”, indicating good luck for the coming year.MoreDont unwrap a present in front of the person who gives it to you. If you are invited to a Chinese home for dinner, dont arrive exactly on time because th

6、e hosts may think youve only come for the dinner alone. You should arrive several minutes earlier.In contrast, the Americans unwrap a present in front of the giver to show their gratitude and appreciation right away.BackBackWhat else do you know about Chinese taboos?c u t t i n g the pear into half

7、separation?Dont insert chopsticks vertically into the food because Chinese people do this only when they burn incense to sacrifice the dead.MoreInterpersonal distancesListen to a short passage and fill in the blanks with appropriate words. Words and expressionsCanadian 加拿大人加拿大人Arab 阿拉伯人阿拉伯人interpers

8、onal 人際的人際的intimate 親密的親密的More In interpersonal communication, people in almost every culture recognize four different distances: _, _, _, and _. _ distance occurs in a very _ such as between a mother and a child. _ distance lets _talk closely but comfortably. _ distance is used at _ or other _. _ d

9、istance concerns more situations such as between a teacher and a student. intimatesocialpersonalpublicIntimateclose relationshipPersonalgood friendsSocialpartiesgatheringsPublicThese four types of distance exist in all countries, but the _ of distance usually depends on the _. At a party, for exampl

10、e, a _ may sit several _ away from you, while an _ may sit very _ to you. Your _of the other cultures use of distance can often help you _ better with its people.awarenesscultureCanadianfeetArabnearamountcommunicateBackBackMoreCultural conflictsWatch a movie Gua Sha and complete the following tasks.

11、MoreIt is a story about cultural conflicts experienced by a Chinese family in the USA. Grandfather Xu comes from China to visit the family of his son, Datong Xu in St. Louis. While there, he gives his grandson, Dennis Xu a treatment of Gua Sha to treat a slight fever. The Child Welfare Agency (CWA),

12、 however, mistakes the harmless traditional Chinese medical treatment for child abuse due to the obvious marks left on Dennis back. Datong Xu is required to attend the court hearing (聽證會) before the child abuse case goes to the full trial. Do you think he can clear up the misunderstanding?Movie prev

13、iewMoreWork in pairs to discuss the following questions.1. What causes the cultural conflicts displayed in the movie? 2. Have you ever experienced a cultural bump, either in real life or, for example, while watching a movie or reading an article? Were you amused, surprised, embarrassed or shocked?cl

14、ickclickMore1. The cultural conflicts arise out of Americans lack of knowledge about Guasha, a traditional Chinese medical treatment. It is difficult for Datong Xu to clear up the misunderstanding. The treatment of Guasha is fundamentally based on the philosophy of Taoism, which focuses on Qi and Yi

15、ng-Yang in human body. Ying-Yang Theory and Jing-Luo Theory in Chinese traditional remedies emphasize the entire examination by means of observing, smelling, asking, and feeling. The diagnosing experience is passed down from generation to generation. Chinese medicine uses Chinese herbal medicine and

16、 some traditional medical treatments such as acupuncture and Guasha while western medicine uses chemical-based medicine and surgery for medication. Therefore, It is impossible to explain clearly Jing-Mai and Qi in Chinese medicine with western medicine theory. Actually, the fierce debate and conflic

17、ts in the court scene in Gua Sha are raised by the differences of philosophical notions between the two cultures and the ignorance of Chinese medicine of the westerners. This unperceivable “hidden culture” is the root that causes the conflicts and collisions between the Chinese and western cultures.

18、 BackBack2. Well, a British teacher told me about how some Vietnam children met their teacher for the first time in a British school. The children all stood straight, folded their arms and looked down at the ground. The teacher said, “Stop looking down. You havent done anything wrong. Look at me whe

19、n Im talking to you. Thats to show that youre listening. Its showing respect.” Then one of the children said, “But we are listening and showing respect. You are our teacher. This is how we do in our culture.” I suppose that was a shock for the teacher, when he realized that there were such different

20、 ways of listening and showing respect. I remember the story because its amusing and its a good lesson from the children.BackBackText organisationText explorationText evaluation Understanding the text Interpreting Critical thinkingText organizationMoreThe writers observation of kissing in FranceCult

21、ural differences in _ communicationA friends experience of the normal physical distance between people in Italycultural bumpnon-verbalParagraph 6Paragraph 5Paragraph 7Paragraph 8A Spanish students reaction to English use of “thank you”A cross-cultural problem with the phrase “of course”The question

22、of what to say before a mealAn Englishmans joking reaction to the American formula “Have a nice day”Cultural bumpsCultural bumps in _communicationverbalMoreCultural bumps in non-verbal communicationParagraph (1-3)Cultural bumps in verbal communicationParagraph (5-8)What we need in cross-cultural com

23、munication is _ and _.An example:How a Chinese visitor manages cross-cultural differences about when guests might be expected to leave.BackBacktolerancecultural awarenessUnderstanding the textMoreChoose the best way to complete the sentences.1. The writer didnt know how many times to kiss his Parisi

24、an friend because _. A. he lived in Lyon B. the number of kisses varies from city to city C. he had not yet completed his research D. he was enjoying himself too muchBUnderstanding the textMore2. The Englishman in Italy felt that _. A. too many people lived there B. it was easier to walk backwards C

25、. he had only spent a few months there D. English people stand further apart than Italians3. The Spanish student thought the English _. A. were unnecessarily polite B. talked too much C. didnt appreciate how polite he was D. didnt understand himDAUnderstanding the textMore4. The most usual thing to

26、say at the start of a meal in England is _. A. “Good appetite” B. “Enjoy your meal” C. “Good luck” D. nothingDUnderstanding the text5. According to the writer, you should _.A. know how to behave at a dinner party in different culturesB. learn everything about other culturesC. ask questions about cul

27、tural differences like the Chinese visitors didD. leave at the end of the mealCWhen can we leave?BackBack Interpreting MoreCheck () the true statements. 1 The writer thinks that cultural bumps are enjoyable. 2 Boris didnt really think the writer was stupid. 3 The Chinese visitors had already been to

28、 an English home. 4 The story about the Englishman in Disneyland was meant to be amusing. 5 The Chinese womans question was clumsy.clickclickclickclickclickThe writer says cultural bumps may make meeting people from other cultures interesting, but this is not the same as enjoyable.3. Probably not. O

29、therwise the leader would not have asked about when to leave.2. Boris was using a Russian way of saying “of course” to agree with the writer, but the writer interpreted this in another way.4. Yes, this is amusing from the Englishmans point of view, but probably not from an American one.5. No, her qu

30、estion showed that she was aware that there were differences, and that she wanted to know what kind of behavior was appropriate. She showed cross-cultural understanding.BackBackText evaluationMoreCritical thinkingOrganize the students in two groups and have a debate on the following topic:To communi

31、cate well with people, which is more important?knowledge about other cultures vs. speaking English wellBackBackCulture knowledge is more important!Positive effects: it will help you to know what to say and how to say so that your communication matches as much as possible the other persons way of spe

32、aking.Speaking English well is more important!N e g a t i v e effects caused by poor English speaking: Your message wont come through.Positive effects: 1) You can make yourself easily understood. 2) Since you cant get all knowledge about other cultures, you need to speak English well to know about d

33、ifferent cultures through communication.Now it is time for you to attack the opinions of the other side. You can use some examples to support your opinions.clickclickclickclickclickclickclickclickWork in pairs to discuss the following questions.How can you improve your knowledge of othercultures?Can

34、 you think of conflicts and wars in todays world which are caused by cultural misunderstanding? What could be done to bring about peace?clickclickMoreA good way is to meet people from other cultures, observe their behavior, listen to them and ask them questions. This gives you access to the culture.

35、 However, first you need to have some ideas and knowledge about culture in general otherwise you probably wont actually notice things and wont know what questions to ask, so you wont make good use of the opportunity. MoreMany of us cant easily meet people from other cultures without traveling, but w

36、e can talk to people from our culture who know something about other cultures. This is indirect access. This may have the disadvantage that it is second-hand information, but it can be useful and we can know what points to read about when we study cultures in books or watch relevant films on TV.All

37、in all, we should use all the ways we can. But improving knowledge of other cultures takes time,so we should start the process today.BackBackAlthough cultural misunderstandings are certainly not the only cause, they are part of the long-standing conflict in the Middle East, where complex ideas about

38、 identity, history, ethnicity, language and religion have resulted in different positions regarding Palestine, Israel, Lebanon and the surrounding areas. MoreOne major issue is the different interpretations of historical rights to land, which to some degree, depend on cultural and historical traditi

39、ons, rather than on recognized international law. However, some people there also have long traditions of living peacefully in multi-cultural neighborhoods, which shows that there are cultural examples of peacefulness among ordinary people. So one solution is to set aside the past problems, but this

40、 is obviously difficult.BackBackSummarisingTalking pointSummarizingMoreChoose the best summary of the passage. 1. Dont translate from your own language into another language. Sometimes it can mean the opposite of what you mean.2. What you dont say may be more important than what you do say. Its impo

41、rtant not to say anything which is likely to upset people. In fact, its better not to say anything at all.SummarizingBackBack3. Even when you speak a language well, there may be cultural issues which cause misunderstanding. Its not possible to learn everything about other cultures, but you need to b

42、e aware of the possibility of differences.Talking pointMoreby emailby phone or text messageby letterin chat roomsface to faceWhat is your favorite way of communicating with people?by blogWhat are the advantages and disadvantages of each one?clickclickclickclickclickclickTalking pointAdvantage: You c

43、an see the other person, which is important to understand their body language, e.g. facial expressions and gestures etc.Disadvantage: The communication takes place immediately so often you cant prepare for it in advance. It may be difficult to say some things directly to someones face.BackBackface t

44、o faceTalking pointAdvantage: It is quick and easy. You can leave a message if the other person uses voicemail.Disadvantage: The other person may not answer immediately and when they do you cant see them.by phoneMoreTalking pointAdvantage: It is easy and generally cheaper to send text messages. In s

45、ome way text messages are more convenient than emails.Disadvantage: Text messages are usually shorter. Using abbreviations in text messages (e.g. BFNfor “bye for now”) might save time, but you have to know what they mean. Emails are much morecommon in organizations than text messages.BackBackby text

46、 messageTalking pointAdvantage: Its informal, and you can talk online to many people and read what they say.Disadvantage: People may not be serious, and you may not know who they are.BackBackIn chat roomsTalking pointAdvantage: You can usually take your time, which means you can prepare it and think

47、 about what to say.Disadvantage: It takes longer to reach the other person, and its often too formal.BackBackby letterTalking pointAdvantage: It is quick and easy to send an email to one person or many people.Disadvantage: You may not have access to a computer or the Internet and the other person ma

48、y not reply quickly. Some people send too many unimportant messages, including junk mail.BackBackby emailTalking pointAdvantage: You can write something about anything; many people can read it quickly.Disadvantage: People may not mean what they write and you dont always know who the writers or reade

49、rs are.BackBackby blogDifficult sentencesWords to noteLanguage in usePreview Information relatedDifficult sentences1. These episodes and incidents all involve a cultural bump, something which you notice usually with curiosity, usually with pleasure, occasionally with shock or embarrassment.Choose th

50、e best translation for the following sentences A. 這些插曲、事件都包含著文化碰撞, 它是一種讓你通常帶著好奇、快樂，偶爾帶著震驚或?qū)擂巫⒁獾降臇|西。B. 這些插曲、事件都包含著文化碰撞，使你感到好奇、愉悅，但偶爾也會讓你感到震驚或?qū)擂?。_something指的是前面的指的是前面的cultural bump，其后又有一個定語，其后又有一個定語從句做修飾。由于定語從句較長，不必硬要翻譯為從句做修飾。由于定語從句較長，不必硬要翻譯為 “的的”作作前置定語，可以單獨譯為一句話。這里翻譯時還要注意前置定語，可以單獨譯為一句話。這里翻譯時還要注意 “wit

51、h”不一定要譯為不一定要譯為“帶著帶著”，可以根據(jù)漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣靈，可以根據(jù)漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣靈活地進(jìn)行翻譯?；畹剡M(jìn)行翻譯。2. But its not a matter of knowing all the conventions and rituals in different cultures. Its impossible to collect all the information you might need to be relaxed in the many different cultures around the world. A.這不是了解不同文化中所有風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣和禮儀的問題。不

52、可能收集到你可能需要的所有信息，以便在世界不同的文化中都能感到自在。B. 但是這不等于說我們需要悉數(shù)掌握不同文化的風(fēng)俗 習(xí)慣和禮儀。豐富的知識能使你自如地應(yīng)對世界各國不同的文化，但是你不可能掌握全部必備的知識。該句直譯成該句直譯成“這不是了解不同文化中所有風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣和禮這不是了解不同文化中所有風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣和禮儀的問題儀的問題”不太通順，讓人難以理解，最好意譯。不太通順，讓人難以理解，最好意譯。這句話中這句話中it 只是形式主語，實際主語是只是形式主語，實際主語是 “to collect world”部分，翻譯的時候不必按照原語序翻，可以把句子倒轉(zhuǎn)、拆部分，翻譯的時候不必按照原語序翻，可以把句子倒轉(zhuǎn)、

53、拆分。如分。如“但這不等于說但這不等于說知識能使你知識能使你但是你不可但是你不可能能”。-_3. Sometimes all thats needed is tolerance if things might be different, and awareness that your behavior in your own culture may not be suitable in another.全句譯為：有時候，當(dāng)情況有所不同時，你所需要的僅僅是寬容，并且要意識到，適合你自己文化的行為舉止未必在另一種文化中也行得通。 that引出一個同位語從句，引出一個同位語從句，說明需要意識到什么。

54、說明需要意識到什么。MoreDecide the function of the that + clause in the following sentences. Does it function as an apposition (同位語）同位語）or a relative clause (定語從句）定語從句）?Have you got the news that a car accident happened just in front of our school?Have you got the news that has been spread all over the school

55、?_That + clause functions as an apposition clause. It is used to explain what the news is. “That” does not have a specific meaning here._That + clause functions as a relative clause. It is used to modify the word “news”. “That” is used as the subject in the relative clause, referring to the antecede

56、nt news.BackBackWords to noteNew WordsPhrases carry on 1. occasion2. arouse 3. involve 4. embarrassment 5. perceive 6. response 7. inquire8. tolerance9. awareness occasion n. occasional: adj. happening from time to time 偶然的，偶爾的on occasion: now and then 不時on the occasion of sth.: at the time of a cer

57、tain event 在某事件的時候More1. _ the 60th anniversary of the founding of Peoples Republic of China, a grand parade impressed the whole world.2. There will be _ showers during the day.3. The teacher walked forth and back, raising questions_, which made me very nervous. Choose the appropriate expressions to

58、 fill in the blanks.On the occasion ofoccasionalon occasionBackBackarise v. (arose, arisen)1)become evident, appear2)arise out of/ from sth. : follow as a result of sth.Active reading 1: ResourcesMorearouse v.1)wake sb. from sleep2)cause sth. to appear, awaken3)arouse sb. ( from / out of sth.) arous

59、e v.Use appropriate forms of “arouse” or “arise” to fill in the blanks.BackBack1. Her strange behavior my curiosity.2. He was from his nap by the doorbell.3. A new difficult problem has .4. This misunderstanding out of the lack of cultural knowledge in cross cultural communication.arousedarousedaris

60、enaroseinvolve v.Guess what involve means in different sentences.1. This is a situation in which national security is involved.include or affect sb./ sth. in its operation 包括，包包括，包含，牽涉，牽連含，牽涉，牽連2. The job involves my living in a foreign country.3. He was involved in a heated discussion.4. The witnes