外研英語(yǔ)選修6課文原文每個(gè)模塊4篇

1、- -.- 優(yōu)選外研英語(yǔ)選修 6 全部閱讀課文原文每個(gè)模塊4 篇module 1 small talk how good are your social skills have you ever crossed the road to avoid talking to someone you recognize would you love to go to a party and talk confidently to every guest do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people

2、you dont know and are you nervous about the idea of being at a social event in another country dont worry we can help you! you needn t worry about situations like these if you have good social skills. and they are easy to learn. people with good social skills municate well and know how to have a con

3、versation. it helps if you do a little advance planning. here are a few ideas to help you. learn how to do small talk. small talk is very important and prepares you for more serious conversations. be prepared! have some low-risk conversation openers ready. for example: think of a recent news story n

4、ot to serious, e.g. a story about a - -.- 優(yōu)選film star or sports star. think of things to tell people about your studies. think of “safe things you can ask peoples opinions about music, sport, films, etc. think of topics that you would avoid if you were talking to strangers and avoid talking about th

5、em! that way, you dont damage your confidence! develop your listening skills listening is a skill which most people lack, but munication is a two-way process it involves speaking and listening. always remember you wont impress people if you talk too much. here are some ideas to make you a better lis

6、tener: do show that you are listening by using encouraging noises and gestures smiling, nodding, saying “uh-huh and “ok , etc. keep good eye contact use positive body language ask for more information to show your interest don tlook at your watch yawn sign - -.- 優(yōu)選look away from the person whos talk

7、ing to youchange the subject finish other peoples sentences for themalways remember the words of benjamin disraeli, british prime minister in the 19thcentury: “talk to a man about himself, and he will speak to you for hours! learn the rules if you go to a social occasion in another country, remember

8、 that social rules can be different. in some countries, for example, you have to arrive on time at a party; in other countries, you dont need to. in addition, you need to know how long you should stay, and when you have to leave. some hosts expect flowers or a small gift, but in other places, you ca

9、n take things, but you neednt if you dont want t. remember also that in some countries, you mustnt take flowers of a certain colour, because theyre unlucky. in most places, you dont have to take a gift to a party but find our first! the wrong kind of small talk esther greenbaum was a saleswoman for

10、a firm of fax machines and business supplies. but she was also the most outspoken human being in the world well, westchester county, at least. her motto was “every time i open my mouth, i put my foot in it.- -.- 優(yōu)選esther greenbaums major shorting was that she had a plete absence of small talk. no, t

11、hat not quite true. she had small talk, but it was the wrong kind. in fact, she had never learnt the basic rules of social munication, and as a consequence, she made systematic mistakes every time she opened her mouth. it was no coincidence either that she wasnt a very good saleswoman. one day durin

12、g a meeting, esther was introduced to an important customer, a mature woman. “nice to meet you, she said. “how old are you the customer looked awkward. “forty forty-five said esther. “you kook much older. and your friend she s older than you, but she looks much younger!on another occasion, esther te

13、ased a typist, “hey! when s your baby due the typist went red and contradicted esther. “actually, i m not pregnant, she said. “oh, sorry,said esther without any apology. “just putting on a little weight, huhesther was never cautious about other peoples feelings. one of her acquaintances, a salesman

14、in the firm, was going through a very messy divorce and was very depressed. she tried to cheer him up. “forget her! she was a plete fool. no one liked her anyway.- -.- 優(yōu)選much of the time, esther said the first thing to e into her head. one day at work, a clerk came into the office with a new hairsty

15、le. “nice haircut,said esther. “how much did it costthe woman replied, “i d rather not say.esther replied, “well, anyhow, either you paid too much or you paid too little.she met a very famous writer once. “hey, what a coincidence!she said. “youre writing a book and im reading one!the trouble with es

16、ther was she said what she thought, and didnt think about what she said. a young man was trying to modest about his new job many miles away. “i guess the pany chose me so they d get some peace in the office, he smiled. “no, i guess they chose you to discourage you from spending your whole career wit

17、h us, esther replied sweetly. once, esther went to a brunch party to meet some old school friends on the anniversary of their graduation. she greeted the hostess. “do you remember that guy you were dating what happened to him she asked. “you know, the ugly one.at the moment, a man came up and stood

18、by her friend. “esther, i d like you to meet my husband,she said, “charles, this isesther interrupted her, “hey, so you married him!- -.- 優(yōu)選making friends in the usa in the usa, conversation is less lively than in many other cultures, where everyone talks at the same time. when someone talks, everyo

19、ne is expected to listen, no matter how dull the persons speaking may be.if youre not sure what to talk about, you can ask what people do. we re defined by our jobs and were usually happy to talk about them, unless youre spy!some people say that americans talk about their feelings more than asians,

20、but are more secretive about factual matters. you can safely ask questions about families, where you e from, leisure interests, as well as the latest movies. we re interested in peoples ethnic background too. but it s best to avoid politics, religion and other sensitive topics.a highly personal conv

21、ersation can take place after a very short period of knowing someone, but this doesn t mean that youre close friends, or the relationship is very deep. but a lot of people are very friendly and hospitable, and the famous invitation “if youre ever in minneapolis / san diego / poughkeepsie, do call by

22、 and see us! is never made without a genuine desire to meet again. but while few americans will worry about the questions you may ask, particularly if you clearly show youre aware of cultural differences, they may hesitate before they ask you similar questions. in fact, its a sign that - -.- 優(yōu)選they

23、dont wish to violate your private life. so, many americans will talk about safe topics because they dont dare to be too curious or personal, but will happily talk about more private matters if you take the lead. generally we dislike arguments, and we avoid topics which lead to disagreement. its easy

24、 to return to discussing the weather: “do you like the usa how do you like the weather or making pliments: what lovely flowers and what a beautiful vase! “that s fabulous dress youre wearing.you should accept pliments graciously and say “thank you!there are a couple of dangerous topics of conversati

25、on: age and money. age is not treated as something very special, unless someone is very old: “isn t she wonderful for her age!and there are no special rules or signs of extra respect for elderly people. anyway, americans always want to look younger than they really are, so dont expect an accurate re

26、ply!ine is a very private matter, and youd do well to avoid asking how much people earn, although some people may not only be open about it, but show off their wealth. we dont ask how much things cost, either.but what we dont like is silence, and almost anything is better than the embarrassment for

27、a quiet party and silent guests. the aaa it is estimated that 80% of all conversation in english is small talk. a very - -.- 優(yōu)選important function of small talk is to establish a relationship between people who don t know each other very well, or dont know each other at all.psychologists say that the

28、 most successful formula for small talk between people like this is the aaa model. aaa = answer, add and ask. this is how it works. imagine a situation where two strangers are talking to each other after someone they both know has left the room, or the caf or party, etc. the first person asks a ques

29、tion: a: do you live near here the second person replies by answering the question, adding some extra information and then asking another question: b: (answer) yes, i do. (add) in an apartment on brown street. (ask) do you live nearby too the first person does the same, answer, add and ask: a: (answ

30、er) no, i live in bristol. (add) im just visiting london.(ask) have you lived here long b: (answer) not so long. (add) i moved here three years ago. (ask) whats the purpose of you visit to londonthe speakers may have difficulty at first, but they soon realize that the - -.- 優(yōu)選important thing is that

31、 they are saying something. by continuing with the aaa model, the conversation continues. because the thing they both want to avoid is an embarrassing silence. the conversation can continue in this way for a long time. however, something can happen that pletely changes the atmosphere. b: why do you

32、live in bristol a: im studying there. history. are you a studentb: yes. and i know some people who are studying at bristol. do you know a girl called helen brown a: helen brown yes! shes on of my best friends! how do you know her b: she s my cousin.at this point, the aaa model stops. because they us

33、ed this very useful technique, they found something they have in mon at last. module 2fantasy literature the cat that vanished will was stupefied with exhaustion, and he might have gone on to the north, or he might have laid his head on the grass under one of those trees and slept; but as he stood t

34、rying to clear his head, he saw a cat. she was a tabby, like moxie. she padded out of a garden on the - -.- 優(yōu)選oxford side of the road, where will was standing. will put down his shopping bag and held out his hand, and the cat came up to rub her head against his knuckles, just as moxie did. of course

35、, every cat behaved like that, but all the same will felt such a longing to turn for home that tears scalded his eyes. eventually this cat turned away. this was night, and there was a territory to patrol, there were mice to hunt. she padded across the road and towards the bushes just beyond the horn

36、beam trees, and there she stopped. will still watching, saw the cat behave curiously. she reached out a paw to pat something in the air in front of her, something quite invisible to will. then she leapt backwards, back arched and fur on end, tail held out stiffly. will knew cat-behaviour. he watched

37、 more alertly as the cat approached the spot again, just an empty patch of grass between the hornbeams and the bushes of a garden hedge, and patted the air once more. again she leapt back, but less far and with less alarm this time. after another few seconds of sniffing, touching, whisker-twitching,

38、 curiosity overcame wariness. the cat stepped forward, and vanished. will blinked. then he stood still, close to the trunk of the nearest tree, as a truck came round the circle and swept its lights over him. when it had gone past he crossed the road, keeping his eyes on the spot where the cat had be

39、en investigating. it wasnt easy, because there was nothing to fix on, - -.- 優(yōu)選but when he came to the place and cast about to look closely, he saw it. at least, he saw it from some angles. it looked as if someone had cut a patch out of the air, about two metres from the edge of the road, a patch rou

40、ghly square in shape and less than a metre across. if you were level with the patch so that it was edge-on, it was nearlyinvisible, and it was pletely invisible from behind. you could only see it from the side nearest the road, and you couldnt see it easily even from there, because all you could see

41、 through it was exactly the same kind of thing that lay in front of it on this side: a patch of grass lit by a street light. but will knew without the slightest doubt that that patch of grass on the other side was in a different world. he couldnt possibly have said why. he knew it at once, as strong

42、ly as he knew that fire burned and kindness was good. he was looking at something profoundly alien. and for that reason alone, it enticed him to stoopp and look further. what he saw made his head swim and his heart thump harder, but he didn t hesitate: he pushed his shopping bag through, and then sc

43、rambled through himself, through the hole in the fabric of this world and into another. he found himself standing under a row of trees. but not hornbeam trees: these were tall palms, and they were growing, like the trees in oxford, in a line along the grass. but his was the centre of a broad bouleva

44、rd, and at the side of the boulevard was a line of cafes and small shops, all brightly lit, - -.- 優(yōu)選all open, and all utterly silent and empty beneath a sky thick with stars. the hot night was laden with the scent of flowers and with the salt smell of the sea. will looked around carefully. behind hi

45、m the full moon sone down over a distant prospect of great green hills, and on the slopes at the foot of the hills there ere houses with rich gardens and an open parkland with groves of trees and the white gleam of a classical temple. just beside him was that bare patch in the air, as hard to see fr

46、om this side as from the other, but definitely there. he bent to look through and saw the road in oxford, his own world. the turned away with a shudder: whatever this new world was, it had to be better than what hed just left. with a dawning light-headedness, the feeling that he was dreaming but awa

47、ke at the same time, he stood up and looked around for the cat, his guide. the story of j.k. rowling and harry potter the elder stateswoman of british fantasy literature is j.k. rowling, the gifted creator of harry potter. joanne rowling s roots are in the southwest of england, where she grew up. bu

48、t the idea for harry potter came to her while she was on a delayed train between manchester and london. she wrote down her ideas on the back of an envelope. she then went to teach english in portugal, where she continued to add flesh to the - -.- 優(yōu)選bones of the first harry potter story. but her name

49、 is forever associated with edinburgh in scotland, where she lived and developed the format for the whole series of seven books. there are many anecdotes about how, in 1990, j.k. rowling began the first draft of harry potter and the philosophers stone. she had the extra burden of looking after her b

50、aby daughter while she worked, and because she was too poor to own a typewriter, she wrote by hand. she spent many hours over a single cup of coffee in a warm cafeteria in edinburgh because she had no money to pay for the heating at home. success was not swift and rowling might have given up. but sh

51、e was stubborn and overcame all the difficulties. it was only in 1997 that she pleted the first harry potter story, which, because the publishers in the usa requested an adjustment to the title, was also known as harry potter and the sorcerers stone.rowling always intended that her output would be a

52、 book every year until she had finished the series. in fact, it took her about ten years to plete. but after the first book, the success of each of the following titles was automatic. the fifth book, the order of the phoenix sold about seven million copies the day it was published. rowling s style h

53、as been a target for some criticism, but what makes the books so important is that, because they appeal to readers of all ages, they create a special literary bond between parents and children. in an age of - -.- 優(yōu)選puter games and television programmes, it is also claimed they are responsible for a

54、renewed interest in reading. harry potter has even bee part of the school curriculum, much to the pleasure of the schoolchildren. and the harry potter effect is not just restricted to the english-speaking world. ro wling s books have been translated into more than 55 languages, and it has been estim

55、ated thath more than 250 million copies have been distributed around the world. in 2005 it was estimated that rowling had accumulated more than one billion dollars on deposit in her bank. she has thus attained the status of being the first writer to bee a billionaire. introduction one of the greates

56、t british writes of fantasy literature was c.s.lewis (1898-1963), who wrote the lion, the witch and the wardrobe. lucy discovers the winter land of narnia where she and her two brothers and sister meet the white witch. they also meet aslan, the lion, who is the only one who can defeat the witch and

57、restore summer to narnia. with aslan, the children learn to be brave and to forgive. they learn great sorrow and happiness, and finally they learn wisdom. their time in narnia is the great adventure that every child dreams of. extract from the lion, the witch and the wardrobe and then she saw that t

58、here was a light ahead of her; not a few inches away - -.- 優(yōu)選where the back of the wardrobe ought to have been, but a long way off. something cold and soft was falling on her. a moment later she found that she was standing in the middle of a wood at nighttime with snow under her feet and snowflakes

59、falling through the air. lucy felt a little frightened, but she felt very inquisitive and excited as well. she looked back over her shoulder and there, between the dark tree trunks, she could still see the open doorway of the wardrobe and even catch a glimpse of the empty room from which she had set

60、 out. (she had, of course, left the door open, for she knew that it was a very silly thing to shut oneself into a wardrobe.) it seemed to be still daylight there. “i can always get back if anything goes wrong, thought lucy. she began to walk forward, crunch-crunch over the snow and through the wood