動(dòng)詞不定式知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)不定式的語(yǔ)法功能：除不能作謂語(yǔ)，其他句子成分都可。1.不定式作主語(yǔ)To see is to believe.常用it作形式主語(yǔ)It''s for sb/It''s of sb1)for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：It''s very hard for him to study two languages.2)of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nic

2、e, clever, foolish, cruel, right。It''s very nice of you to help me2.不定式作賓語(yǔ)I want to speak to Tom.Please show us how to do that.3.不定式作賓補(bǔ)a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.b. We believe him to be guilty.4.不定式作表語(yǔ)不定式可放在be動(dòng)詞后面，形成表語(yǔ)。例如：My work is to clean the room every day.5.不定式作定語(yǔ)

3、不定式做定語(yǔ)通常要放在被修飾的詞后。例如：I have a lot of work to do.6.不定式作狀語(yǔ)1)目的狀語(yǔ)to ,only to (僅僅為了),in order to, so as to, so(such) as to (如此以便)He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.I come here only to say good-bye to you.2)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)What have I said to make you angry.He searched the room only to find nothing.3)原因狀語(yǔ)I'

4、;'m glad to see you.用作介詞的toto 有兩種用法： 一為不定式+動(dòng)詞原形; 一為介詞+名詞/動(dòng)名詞, to 在下面的用法中是第二種，即to+ 名詞/動(dòng)名詞：admit to承認(rèn)，confess to承認(rèn)，be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于，be used to 習(xí)慣于，stick to 堅(jiān)持，turn to開(kāi)始，著手于，devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于，be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望，pay attention to 注意省to 的動(dòng)詞不定式1) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：2)

5、使役動(dòng)詞 let, have, make：3) 感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。注意：在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中則to 不能省掉。The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.4) would rather，had better：5) Why / why not：6) help 可帶to，也可不帶to, help sb (to) do sth：7)

6、but和except：but前是動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。He wants to do nothing but go out.8) 由and, or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to 可以省去：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.9) 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等詞后，可以省去to be：He is supposed (to be) nice.動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式放在不定式符號(hào)to 前面Tell him not to shut the wind

7、owShe pretended not to see me when I passed by.不定式特殊句型tooto1)tooto太以至于不能He is too excited to speak.2) 如在too前有否定詞，則整個(gè)句子用否定詞表達(dá)肯定， too 后那個(gè)詞表達(dá)一種委婉含義，意為"不太"。It''s never too late to mend.(諺語(yǔ))3)當(dāng)too 前面有only, all, but時(shí)，意思是：非常 等于very。I''m only too pleased to be able to help you.He w

8、as but too eager to get home.不定式特殊句型so as to1) 表示目的;它的否定式是so as not to do。Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.2) so kind as to -勞駕Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?不定式的形式和主、被動(dòng)形式主、被動(dòng) 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng)一般式 to do to be done進(jìn)行式 to be doing完成式 to have done to have been done完成進(jìn)行式 to h

9、ave been doing1) 一般式：有時(shí)及謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。He seems to know this.I hope to see you again. = I hope that I''ll see you again.2) 完成式：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。I''m sorry to have given you so much trouble.3) 進(jìn)行式： 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，及謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。He seems to be eating something.4) 完成進(jìn)行式： 表示動(dòng)作

10、或狀態(tài)從謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前一直持續(xù)到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生。She is known to have been thinking over the problem for many days.動(dòng)名詞及不定式1) 動(dòng)名詞及不定式的區(qū)別：動(dòng)名詞表達(dá)的是： 狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，心境，抽象，經(jīng)常性，已發(fā)生的不定式表達(dá)的是： 目的，結(jié)果，原因，具體，一次性，將發(fā)生的2) 接不定式或動(dòng)名詞，意義相近。begin/ start to do = begin/ start doing; continue to do =continue doing3) 動(dòng)名詞及不定式語(yǔ)義不同的有11 組：1 stop to dostop doing2

11、forget to do forget doing3 remember to doremember doing4 regret to do regret doing5 cease to do cease doing6 try to dotry doing7 go on to do go on doing8 afraid to do afraid doing9 interested to do  interested doing10 mean to do  mean doing11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing常見(jiàn)考法 

12、       1.不定式作狀語(yǔ)；        2.it作形式主語(yǔ)代替后面的不定式；        3.不定式的否定形式        4.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的不定式；        5.不定式省to情況;        6.不定式作定語(yǔ)的情況誤區(qū)提醒        1.不定式的不同形式誤用；2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中仍然省to；3.否定形式not

13、位置弄錯(cuò)；4.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中該省to不省; 5.不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)丟內(nèi)容【典型例題】1) The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on解析：答案B.如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其

14、后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞及介詞連用時(shí)，常位于"形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾。2) - I usually go there by train.- Why not _ by boat for a change?A. to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try

15、60;going解析： why not 后面接不帶to 的不定式，因此選D。3） Paul doesn''t have to be made _. He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 解析： make后接不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式，當(dāng)

16、其用于被動(dòng)時(shí)，to 不可省略，故答案B.。4)S he pretended _ me when I passed by.A.not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen解析：答案：A。 pretend 后應(yīng)接不定式。其否定形式為pretend not to do sth.。5) The patient was warned