動詞不定式用法講解

1、動詞不定式用法小結(jié)動詞不定式用法小結(jié)    動詞不定式是一種非謂語動詞形式，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“to動詞原形”，其中to不是介詞，而是動詞不定式的符號，稱為小品詞，動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化。動詞不定式和其后面的名詞等構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句子中可以用作主語、表語、賓語、補(bǔ)足語、定語、狀語等。   一. 作主語  例如：    To be a doctor is hard.    做醫(yī)生很難。    To learn English well is

2、 not easy.    學(xué)好英語不容易。    動詞不定式（短語）作主語時，為了避免句子的頭重腳輕，可以用“it”作形式主語，而把真正的主語動詞不定式（短語）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示為：    It is hard to be a doctor.    It is not easy to learn English well. 再如：    Its important to plant trees in spring. 

3、;   如果動詞不定式的動作是誰做的，可以在動詞不定式前面加一個由介詞for引導(dǎo)的短語，稱為不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。例：    Its good for us to read English aloud in the morning.    對我們來說每天早晨大聲讀英語是很有益的。    It is important for students to use English every day.    對學(xué)生來說每天使用英語是很重要的。  &

4、#160; 二. 作表語：    動詞不定式（短語）作表語常用于系詞be的后面。例：    His work is to drive a car.    他的工作是開車。    My job is to feed animals.    我的工作是飼養(yǎng)動物。    Her ambition is to be a doctor.    她的理想是當(dāng)醫(yī)生。   

5、 三. 作賓語    動詞不定式（短語）可以放在一些動詞后面用作賓語，能以動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：begin,start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例：    I want to tell you a story.    我想給你講個故事。    They begin to work at eight every morning.    他們每天早晨

6、8點開始工作。    Dont forget to lock the door.    別忘了鎖門。    Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?    明天和我們一起去野餐好嗎？    *如果and連接兩個動詞不定式，第二個動詞不定式一般省“to”例：   （1）He wants to go and have a swim with us.&

7、#160;   他想和我們一起去游泳。   （2）若作賓語的動詞不定式（短語）很長，可用it作形式賓語。    I find it interesting to learn English with you.    我覺得和你一起學(xué)英語很有趣。    He found it hard to catch up with others.    他覺得趕上別人很困難。    四. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如： 

8、   The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning.    老師讓我們早晨讀半小時英語。    The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games.    老師常告訴Jim不要花太多時間玩電腦游戲。    Please let me help you. 

9、   讓我來幫助你。    動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示賓語所做的動作，可以用動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, help等。但在let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, have等感官聽覺動詞或使役動詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞不定式一般要省略動詞不定式符號“to”，可以歸納為以下三種句式：  1.不可以省to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：    tell /ask / want / woul

10、d like / wish / like / invite /encourage /teach sb. to do sth.    例：The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow.    I want you to go now.    我想讓你現(xiàn)在就走。    Her parents wish her to be a teacher.    她父母親希望她當(dāng)老師。  2.省“to”的不定式

11、作賓語補(bǔ)足語：    Let / make / have sb. do sth.    Let the boy go out now.    讓那個男孩出去。    The boy made the baby cry.    男孩弄哭了這個小孩。    see / watch / hear / notice / feel sb. do sth.    I saw the students

12、 play basketball on the playground yesterday.    昨天我看見學(xué)生們在操場打籃球。    I often hear the girl sing in the next room.    我經(jīng)常聽到女孩在隔壁唱歌。  3.可省可不省的：    help sb. （to）do sth.    I often help my mother （to）do housework.  

13、  我經(jīng)常幫媽媽做家務(wù)。    *動詞不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not. 例：   （1）Tell them not to play football in the street.    告訴他們不要在街道上踢足球。   （2）省to的動詞不定式的否定式是直接在動詞前面加not. 例：    Let the boy not go.    讓那個男孩別走。   （3）如果將主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)

14、時，作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞不定式變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語，動詞不定式則不省“to”，即原來省的再加上，例：    The boy made the baby cry.    The baby was made to cry by the boy.    那個孩子被男孩弄哭了。    五. 動詞不定式作定語    動詞不定式作定語常用來修飾名詞或不定代詞，放于所修飾的詞后，為后置定語。例：    Who was the first

15、one to arrive?    誰第一個到的？    She has no paper to write on?    她沒有紙寫字？    The best way to learn English is to use it.    學(xué)英語最好的方法是使用它。    When is the best time to plant vegetables?    什么時候是種植蔬菜的最好

16、時間？    Do you have something to drink?    你這有喝的嗎？    *動詞不定式（短語）作定語修飾名詞時，及其所修飾的詞具有一種動賓關(guān)系，如果不定式中的動詞為不及物動詞時，其后應(yīng)加上一個含義上所需要的介詞。例：    I have no chair to sit on.    我沒有椅子坐。    He has no house to live in.  &#

17、160; 他沒有房子住。    六. 動詞不定式作目的狀語：    動詞不定式作目的狀語常用在go, come, hurry等不及物動詞后，表目的。    He went to see his sister yesterday.    他昨天去看妹妹了。    They got up early to catch the early bus.    他們早起去趕早班車。    有時可以把

18、不定式（短語）提前，放于句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)目的。例：    To early English quickly and well, he went to England.    為了更快更好地學(xué)英語，他去了英國。    七. 不定式和疑問詞連用，可以作句子的主語、賓語、表語等。例：    The problem is where to get a computer. （表語）    No one knows how to do it. 

19、60;  沒有人知道如何做這件事。（賓）    I really dont know which one to choose. （賓）    我真的不知道選哪一個。    When and where to have the party is not known. （主語）    何時何地舉行聯(lián)歡還不知道。    *不定式和疑問詞連用作賓語時有時可以改為賓語從句。例：    I dont know what

20、 to do next.    我不知下一步該做什么？    I dont know what I should do next.附:動詞不定式用法詳解動詞不定式是一種活躍的非謂語動詞。它在句中起的是名詞。形容詞或副詞的作用,可在句子中作主語。賓語。定語。狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。動詞不定式的形式是"to +動詞原形",但to有時要省去。動詞不定式在具體運用時,用不用to,取決于謂語動詞的用法:一、帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)1.我們學(xué)過的能直接跟帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞主要有: want, ask, tell, hope, lea

21、rn, try, decide, forget, remember, like ,love, stop, go, come等。2.動詞不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。例如: Jim told me not to wake up Kate.吉姆告訴我別叫醒凱特。二、不帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu) 以下幾種情況使用不帶to的動詞不定式: 1.在固定詞組had better之后。注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。例如: You had better go home now.你最好現(xiàn)在回家。 It's cold

22、outside. You'd better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。2.在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役動詞后,要跟不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如: I made them give me the money back.我迫使他們把錢還給我。 I didn't see you come in.我沒看見你進(jìn)來。 3.在引導(dǎo)疑問句的why not之后。 "Why not+不帶to的不定式"是Why don't you do的省略,可以用來提出建議或勸告。例如: Why not

23、 go with us。為什么不和我們一起去呢。 Why not take a holiday。=Why don't you take a holiday。為什么不休個假呢。三、動詞不定式作主語 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時,現(xiàn)代英語傾向于采用it作形式主語,而把不定式結(jié)構(gòu)后置的形式。例如： Its difficult to learn English well. 學(xué)好英語很難。四、動詞不定式作定語 不定式作定語,要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞的后面。例如:I have nothing to say on this question.對這個問題我無可奉告。五、動詞不定式作賓語 有的及物動詞要求跟復(fù)合

24、賓語(即賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語)。如果其中的賓語是不定式短語,則必須將形式賓語it放在賓語的位置上,而將不定式短語(真正的賓語)放在賓語補(bǔ)足語之前。例如: I find it useful to learn English well.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語很有用。 We thought it wrong not to tell her.我們認(rèn)為不告訴她是錯誤的。六、動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語是動詞不定式用法的一個重點,學(xué)習(xí)時要注意以下三種情況:1.作動詞ask, like, tell等的賓語補(bǔ)足語時,動詞不定式符號to不可以省略。例如: He asked me to talk about

25、 English study.他請我談?wù)動⒄Z學(xué)習(xí)。 2.作使役動詞let, have, make以及感官動詞feel, hear, see, watch等的賓語補(bǔ)足語時,動詞不定式符號to要省略。例如: The teacher made him say the word like this.老師讓他像這樣說這個單詞。 3.作動詞help的賓語補(bǔ)足語時,動詞不定式符號to可以帶,也可以不帶。例如: Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box。你能幫我搬這個重箱子嗎。七、動詞不定式作狀語動詞不定式及其短語具有副詞的特性,可在句中用作狀語。1.放在句首也可以

26、放在句尾表示目的等。例如: He stopped to have a rest.他停下來休息。 2.跟在作表語的形容詞或過去分詞的后面。例如: I'm sorry to hear that.聽到這事我感到很難過。 3.用在too. to.結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如: He is too young to understand all that.他太年輕了,不能理解這件事?！灸M試題】: 一. 選擇填空：   1. He asked me _ here earlier.    A. come   

27、60;     B. to come             C. coming             D. came    2. Please tell him _ on the wall.    A. dont draw   

28、;   B. to not draw       C. not to draw         D. not draw    3. He wanted _ a cup of tea.    A. to have            

29、60; B. having        C. have          D. had    4. Id like _ a word with you.    A. had            B. having    

30、60;   C. to have              D. have    5. I came here _ my uncle.    A. saw           B. to see        

31、 C. seeing        D. to be seen    6. The man refused （拒絕）_ back his words.    A. to take              B. taking         C. took&#

32、160;          D. takes    7. I can let you _ one ticket.    A. to have              B. have           C. havin

33、g        D. had    8. We often heard him _ in his room.    A. to sing              B. sings          C. sang   

34、;       D. sing    9. He was made _ day and night.    A. work         B. working            C. to work       &

35、#160;     D. worked    10. He stopped _ a look, but saw nothing.    A. having        B. to have              C. have     

36、0;    D. had    11. My father was too angry _ a word.    A. to say        B. not to say          C. to saying      D. didnt say   

37、 12. My brother was old enough _ to school.    A. went          B. goes           C. going         D. to go    13. It is time _ him _ s

38、upper.    A. of, to have      B. for, to have      C. of, having        D. for, to has    14. Its very kind _ you _ me.    A. of, to help    

39、;   B. for, to help       C. of, help          D. of, helping    15. Its important _ our classroom clean every day.    A. kept         

40、  B. to keep              C. to give            D. keep    16. Before liberation （解放）they had no chance _ to school.A. went      &

41、#160;  B. go              C. to go          D. to be gone    17. He said he had an important meeting _.    A. attend     

42、0;  B. would attend         C. attending         D. to attend    18. Please give me a piece of paper _.    A. to write          &#

43、160; B. to write on         C. writing            D. to write it    19. I dont know _.    A. what do          B. what wi

44、ll do         C. what to do      D. do what   20. Your radio needs _.    A. to be repaired     B. to repair        C. repaired 

45、60;        D. to repairing    21. My wish is _ a teacher.    A. becoming          B. to become       C. become        D.

46、 became    22. I want _ him a letter now.    A. to write             B. not write           C. write          D. wr

47、ote    23. It took us three days _ the trees.    A. plant          B. planted            C. to plant          D. plants 

48、   24. Why not _ here _ me?    A. to come, to see   B. come, to see   C. came, seeing   D. come, see    25. He wishes me _ my best _ hard at English.    A. to do, to work    B. doi

49、ng, working    C. to do, working   D. do, work    26. Please tell me _ her. I have something _ her.    A. where to find, telling         B. where to find, to tell    C. where can f

50、ind, to tell        D. where finding, telling    27. How happy they are _ each other again!    A. to see         B. see         C. saw  

51、;         D. being seen    28. They decided （決心）_ a letter _ their thanks.    A. to write, expressing（表達(dá)）B. writing, express    C. write, expressed D. to write, to express    29. The officer ordered （

52、命令）him _ down _ a rest.A. lying, have   B. to lie, to have    C. to lie, having    D. lie, had    30. The headmaster called on （號召）us _ hard for our country.A. to work         B. worked

53、         C. work       D. to working2. 根據(jù)上句意思完成下句，使兩句意思相近或相同，每空一詞。1. He was so angry that he couldnt say anything.       He was too angry _ _ anything.    2. I dont know when

54、we will have the meeting.      I dont know when _ _ the meeting.    3. He said he would write a letter.       He said he would have a letter _ _.    4. That you read English in the morning is very important. &#

55、160;     It is very important _ you _ _ English in the morning.    5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone. （石頭）       He was strong _ _ _ the stone.    6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday.  

56、     His father went to Beijing _ _ his holiday.    7. They got up early so that they could get there in time.      They got up early _ _ _ _ there in time.    8. His brother decided that he would buy the book.  

57、60;   His brother decided _ _ the book.    9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall.      He hopes _ _ the Great Wall.    10.I saw him go into the room.       He was seen _ _ into the room.  

58、  11.We made him work five hours a day.       He was made _ _ five hours a day.    12.Do you want to say anything for yourself?       Do you have anything _ _ for yourself?    13.We dont know what we shall

59、 do next.       We dont know what _ _ next.    14.Im very sorry on hearing the bad news.       Im very sorry _ _ the bad news.    15.He stopped and had a look at me.       He stopp

60、ed _ _ a look at me.    16.I helped him with his English.       I helped him _ _ English.    17.My father promised （許諾）that he would buy me a bike.       My father promised _ _ me a bike.    18.The box is so heavy that I cant carry it.       The box is too heavy _ me _ _.    19.“Lie down! ”the boy said to his dog.       The boy ordered his dog _ _ down.    20.“Dont make any noise, ”she said