PWM整流器在自反饋串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用畢業(yè)論文外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯及原文

1、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯文獻(xiàn)、資料中文題目：pwm整流器在自反饋串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用 文獻(xiàn)、資料英文題目: 文獻(xiàn)、資料來(lái)源： 文獻(xiàn)、資料發(fā)表（出版）日期: 院（部）: 專 業(yè):班 級(jí): 姓 名: 學(xué) 號(hào):指導(dǎo)教師: 翻譯日期:2017. 02. 14題 ： pwm整流器中的應(yīng)用自反饋串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)pwm整流器在自反饋串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用摘要：木文分析y自反饋串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)功率岡數(shù)較低的原岡，并提出y種新的基于pwm 技術(shù)的串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)方案。在此系統(tǒng)中，用igbt代替了可控硅。它可以提供電容式無(wú) 功功率去補(bǔ)償傳統(tǒng)的申級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的感應(yīng)無(wú)功功率，w此，它討以提高功率w數(shù)。文 中介紹了 pwm整流器

2、和pwm電流控制方案。最后給出了仿真結(jié)果和結(jié)論，結(jié)果表明， 新系統(tǒng)工作在單位功率因數(shù)。索引詞-串級(jí)控制，功率因數(shù)，脈寬調(diào)制一導(dǎo)言在我們的日常生活和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，電力系統(tǒng)占和當(dāng)大的比重，特別是這些載荷鼓風(fēng) 機(jī)和泵，使用多能量，因此節(jié)能的風(fēng)機(jī)和水泵正在成為工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的主要問(wèn)題之一。利用 可控硅串級(jí)調(diào)速控制，是風(fēng)機(jī)和水泵節(jié)能的冇效手段。比較變頻調(diào)速控制，這種方法更 好，更便宜，不僅能平滑調(diào)速還能節(jié)能20% 40%。但是，傳統(tǒng)的級(jí)聯(lián)速度控制系統(tǒng)具 有低諧波因素和多一些缺點(diǎn)。功率因數(shù)高負(fù)荷，高速低轉(zhuǎn)速負(fù)荷0.4 0.6。它帶來(lái)了巨大 的浪費(fèi)和污染。這個(gè)缺點(diǎn)阻礙了延伸和串級(jí)調(diào)速中的應(yīng)用。在一種新的級(jí)聯(lián)速度控制

3、系 統(tǒng)方案的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了 pwm整流器。在新的計(jì)劃中，晶閘管逆變器被igbt代帶，并 且系統(tǒng)具有高功率因數(shù)。二chop內(nèi)饋調(diào)速的原理在電機(jī)中內(nèi)反饋串級(jí)調(diào)速控制系統(tǒng)是異步電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子系列woundrotor抵抗速度的基 礎(chǔ)。一個(gè)新的三相對(duì)稱繞組命名調(diào)整繞組定子繞組上，建立的初級(jí)繞組稱為主繞組。額 外的電動(dòng)勢(shì)繞組的調(diào)整是由主繞組引起的。采用晶閘管逆變器，附加電動(dòng)勢(shì)serriedwmmd 與轉(zhuǎn)子繞組，其速度可以通過(guò)改變其規(guī)定。普通申級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)調(diào)速是通過(guò)改變反角p，但 無(wú)功功率提升，功率因數(shù)作為反角増加而減少。因此，斬波串級(jí)speedregulation系統(tǒng)如 下：1.對(duì)斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)屮的整流橋輸出

4、電壓仏=2.3知£20。逆變器的輸出電壓t/z=2.34t/r2cos 轉(zhuǎn)子冋路方程是因此，旋轉(zhuǎn)速度公式可以顯示為n = n0(-ut2costta： ut2是調(diào)整相繞組電壓，r是斬波器脈沖持續(xù)時(shí)間比和對(duì)應(yīng)i e2,t 7-三功率因數(shù)的分析對(duì)串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)功率因數(shù)為：cos0=丨在公式屮，p1是由電機(jī)v(-pj24-(e1+er)2吸收的有功功率；pt是有功功率給電網(wǎng)的反饋；q1是由電機(jī)從電網(wǎng)吸收的無(wú)功功率；qt 是逆變器從電網(wǎng)吸收的無(wú)功功率。在斬波申級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)，逆角p為固定的，w為，它是 一般約30°。岡此，在系統(tǒng)屮0丁是不變的。但是，當(dāng)電機(jī)在低速運(yùn)行，盡增加，功率 因數(shù)下

5、降。四pwm整流器的定性分析吋控硅由pwm整流器取代，新的級(jí)聯(lián)速度控制系統(tǒng)方案原理圖圖2:opwm整流器是一個(gè)四象限變流器。其交流和直流側(cè)可以控制的。當(dāng)使用電網(wǎng)電測(cè)力 矢暈為參考，則pwm整流器的丄作fourquadrant可以通過(guò)控制交流側(cè)電壓向暈v。|/|是 固定的，所以|v,>d?l|/|也是固定的。在這種情況下，在pwm整流器交流側(cè)電壓矢量的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡是一個(gè)閼的半徑的vl。當(dāng)v的電壓矢量端點(diǎn)的i列軌跡a點(diǎn)，電流矢量延遲電 動(dòng)勢(shì)矢量£90°。pwm整流器網(wǎng)側(cè)電感為圖3顯示的特征。當(dāng)v的電壓矢量端點(diǎn)的圓軌 跡b點(diǎn)，電流矢景i是平行，與電動(dòng)勢(shì)矢量e同一方向。在pwm整

6、流器網(wǎng)側(cè)閣4顯示 為阻力特性。當(dāng)電壓矢量端點(diǎn)的圓v位點(diǎn)c點(diǎn)，電流矢量i是電動(dòng)勢(shì)矢量£90(>的？¥1 整流器網(wǎng)側(cè)電容，圖5敁示的特征。當(dāng)v的電壓矢量端點(diǎn)的圓軌跡d點(diǎn)，電流矢量i是 平行，與電動(dòng)勢(shì)矢量e相反的方向。在pwm整流器網(wǎng)側(cè)顯示為圖6負(fù)阻特性。d。（圖3）（圖4）（閣5）b（閣6）所以一定要確保輸出端的直流電壓，輸入電流和交流側(cè)電壓可以在負(fù)阻或電容特性 恒定的情況下工作，因此込=0或込=-2,可以提高功率因數(shù)。五pwm整流器控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)三相pwm整流器交流側(cè)均為時(shí)變交流量，不利于控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。引進(jìn)電機(jī)矢量控 制的思想，從交流側(cè)看可以把電感電阻和交流側(cè)看成一個(gè)交

7、流電機(jī)的模型與三相逆變器 和同，我們更可以把三和交流電機(jī)的控制理論運(yùn)用到三和pwm整流器中。把三和靜止 坐標(biāo)變換成二相旋轉(zhuǎn)坐標(biāo)，在進(jìn)行解耦控制，電壓為外環(huán)，電壓給定和實(shí)際的差值進(jìn)行 調(diào)節(jié)后經(jīng)過(guò)h后得到冇功電流的給定，設(shè)定想要給定的無(wú)功電流，高功率因數(shù)系統(tǒng)中， 功率因數(shù)為1，所以無(wú)功電流給定為0,在通過(guò)檢測(cè)出來(lái)的實(shí)際的電流矢量變換和解耦后 得到的實(shí)際的冇功電流和無(wú)功電流與給定的冇功電流和無(wú)功電流的比較來(lái)得到指令電壓 信號(hào)，從而我們得到如圖所示的控制桐圖來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)的控制。這種宵接通過(guò)檢測(cè)實(shí)際電 流，再進(jìn)行矢量變換解耦控制的方法直接對(duì)電流進(jìn)行控制和上述的通過(guò)電壓的關(guān)系來(lái)間 接控制電流的方法更客觀，而

8、且控制更有效。因此根據(jù)坐標(biāo)變換的關(guān)系，三相pwm整 流器拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的兩相旋轉(zhuǎn)坐標(biāo)系dq模型町描述為：lp + r colcollp + r iq（2）端，上述方程中，, 是（1和q軸的電動(dòng)勢(shì)矢量，矢量，&是組件d和q軸的在ac 屯壓矢量分量，&，是在交流側(cè)屯流向量d和q軸分量，p力微分算子。在公式（2）,岡為d和q軸分量耦合，很難設(shè)計(jì)出控制系統(tǒng)。因此，一個(gè)控制策略 的前饋解耦是給出的。pi調(diào)節(jié)器，是層狀的電流調(diào)節(jié)器，所以控制方程，矢量景化為：kip，心是比例調(diào)節(jié)系數(shù)和積分調(diào)節(jié)回路的電流調(diào)節(jié)系數(shù)。/；, g等價(jià)于，心。在電壓環(huán)，所需的電流是三相對(duì)稱正弦電流，它的電網(wǎng)電壓m頻。因此，

9、在同步旋 轉(zhuǎn)坐標(biāo)系中，g是dc數(shù)量。因此，和/,可以順利地調(diào)整pi調(diào)節(jié)器。方程式(4)。<=|p+介紹了在dq概念的瞬時(shí)功率，同步旋轉(zhuǎn)坐標(biāo)系，瞬吋有功功率和pwm整流器無(wú)功 功率可以顯示為(5)：(5)c/ = edhre(jed為了補(bǔ)償電機(jī)吸收無(wú)功功率，pwm整流器工程電界性質(zhì)。因此，編號(hào)是:表格方程(3) (4) (6)，對(duì)pwm整流器控制框圖圖7:六pwm整流器串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的仿真結(jié)果pwm整流器仿真中級(jí)調(diào)速控制的結(jié)構(gòu)圖和圖7的直接電流控制策略系統(tǒng)的越礎(chǔ)。模 擬參數(shù)是電機(jī)額定功率為710kw,定子額定電壓為6000v,額定電流為72a條，調(diào)整電 壓為510v,額定轉(zhuǎn)速1487r/in

10、in。交流側(cè)電感為0.001h，直流側(cè)為0.0033f電容，直流 電壓為1200v的。仿真結(jié)果圖8,圖9和圖10。（圖8）（圖 10）從閣8可以看出直流電壓為1200v,它有利于順利調(diào)節(jié)速度。閣9為a相電壓和 pwm整流器交流側(cè)電流。結(jié)來(lái)表明，pwm整流器的電容特性運(yùn)行。因此，宥源電力輸 送到電網(wǎng)，同時(shí)產(chǎn)生的容性無(wú)功功率。因此，系統(tǒng)的工作原理功率因數(shù)，電壓波形和電 流如圖10。在傳統(tǒng)的斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)，w為品閘管半控裝置，逆變器上運(yùn)行的特點(diǎn)和電感屯 流的波形不是正弦波。因此網(wǎng)側(cè)電流延遲和系統(tǒng)的功率因數(shù)。電流和電壓晶閘管逆變器 并網(wǎng)如圖11圖12所示。除了新的串級(jí)調(diào)速控制系統(tǒng)其宥諧波少得多。從圖

11、13和圖14,總諧波失真的新系統(tǒng) (thd)是5.56%,是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)，以12.28%的一半。-zso2so2001501o050o-50-1o0-150-2008aai ao2 a 83 a 84 o.a& o.ae o.bt o.se o.ao qo timo（圖 11）i « i（圖 12）fundamental |50hz）=曰彐.32 . thd= 5.5e%fundamental （50hz） = 137.8 , thd= 12.28%0123 a 5679910 1112 13i l«嚳著 »»ai （圖 13） |1

12、08542o（圖 14）七結(jié)論本文提出了一種新的以級(jí)聯(lián)速度控制系統(tǒng)為基礎(chǔ)的pwm整流器。仿真驗(yàn)證了新的 控制系統(tǒng)，新系統(tǒng)可以工作在單位功率因數(shù)。與傳統(tǒng)的斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)相比，新的串 級(jí)調(diào)速控制系統(tǒng)可節(jié)省無(wú)功補(bǔ)償裝置，降低諧波。因此，pwm整流器串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)將廣 泛應(yīng)用于未來(lái)。八參考文獻(xiàn)1 馬里巧什馬林諾夫斯基，馬立克jashvski，“簡(jiǎn)單的三相pwm整流器直接功率控制采 用空間矢量調(diào)制（dpc的支持向量機(jī)），工業(yè)電子，第一卷電機(jī)及電子學(xué)工程師聯(lián)合會(huì)交 易，51，2號(hào)，2004年4月。2 蔣優(yōu)化，寧宇，和糞優(yōu)眠，“研究單位功率因數(shù)的內(nèi)饋斬波級(jí)聯(lián)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)”，電力電了， 第39卷第6號(hào)，2005年

13、12月。3 章充維，張星，“pwm整流器及其控制策略”，北京：中國(guó)機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2003。4 陳白石“電力拖動(dòng)自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)”，北京:中國(guó)機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1997年論文5 宋桂英，“內(nèi)反饋調(diào)速電機(jī)系統(tǒng)”，碩士論文，河北科技大學(xué)。馬暢瀟出生在1982年9只18 f1的中國(guó)。他于2005年加入中國(guó)北方電力大學(xué)?，F(xiàn)在，他 正在攻讀電氣和電子工程學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位和他的專業(yè)是電力電子及電氣傳動(dòng)設(shè)備。電子郵 箱：machangxiao汪埃甍于1963年出生在中岡。她是一名華中電力大學(xué)的副教授。是美鬧威斯康星大學(xué)麥 迪遜分校學(xué)者從2006年1只至jun.2007。電子郵箱：aiming_068本文摘譯自：r.p

14、ena.j.c.ctare.gm.asher.doubly fed induction generator using back-to back pwm converters and its application to variable-speed wind energy cration.ieeeproc-electr.powerappl.vol.l43.no.3.mayl 996:231-241the application of pwm rectifier used in selffeedback cascade speed control systemma changxiao and

15、wang aimengabstract-analyzed the reason that the power factor of self feedback cascade speed control system is poor. a new cascaded speed-adjusting system scheme based on pwm technique is proposed in this paper. scr is substituted with igbt in the system. it can provide capacitive reactive power to

16、compensate inductive reactive power which the conventional cascaded speed adjusting system produces. so it can improve power factor. pwm rectifier and pwm direct current control strategy are introduced in the paper. at last，simulation result and conclusion are given. it shows that the new system wor

17、ks at unity power factor.index terms cascade control, power factor，pwmi. introductionin our daily life and industrial production, electric drive accounts for a large proportion, especially these loads air blowers and pumps that use much energy，so the energy saving of fans and pumps is becoming one o

18、f the main issues in industry production. the use of scr cascade speed control is an effective means of the energy conservation of fans and pumps. compare with frequency control of motor speed，this method is better and cheaper，and not only bring about smooth speed regulating but also save energy 200

19、/o40%. but the conventional cascaded speed control system has some disadvantages of low factor and much harmonic. the power factor is 0.6 with high-speed load and 0.4 with low-speed load. it brings great waste and pollution to the power. this disadvantage obstructs the extension and application of c

20、ascade speed regulation. a new cascaded speed control system scheme based on pwm rectifier is proposed in this paper. in the new scheme, thyristor inverter is substitutedwith 1gbt，and the system works with high power factor.ii. principle of chop inner feedback speed regulationcascade speed control s

21、ystem with internal feedback is base on the theory of rotor series resistance speed of woundrotor induction motor. in the motor，a new three-phase symmetrical winding named adjusting winding is founded on the stator winding and the primary winding called main winding. the additional electromotive for

22、ce is provided by adjusting winding which induced from main winding. using thyristor inverter，the additional electromotive force is serriedwound with rotor winding，and the speed can be regulated by changing it. the speed regulation in ordinary cascade speed control system is by changing the inverse

23、angle p， however the reactive power enhanced and the power factor decreased as the increase of inverse angle. so chopping cascade speedregulation system is proposed. the system principle diagramis fig.l.ofig.lfig. l structure of chopping cascade speed regulation systemoutput voltage of the rectifier

24、 bridge is u(j = 2.345£20 output voltage of the inverter is ui = 2.34ut2 cos (3.， it-tut2 cos /3(t - r)equation of the rotor loop is u( =uiso the formula of the rotation speed can shows as: n - z?0ut 2 is the phase voltage of the adjusting winding，. is the pulse duration ratio of the chopper an

25、d e20 is rotor rated voltage. so the rotation speed of the motor can be controlled by regulating the pulse duration ratio.iii. analyse of power factorthe power factor of cascade speed control system is: cos= t =、，in the equation，pl is the active power absorbed from grid by motor； pt is the active po

26、wer feedback to grid form the system; q1 is the inductive reactive power which is absorbed by motor from grid; qt is the inductive reactive power absorbed from grid by inverter. in the chopping cascade speed regulation system, the inverse angle 3 is fixed，because of the margin， it is generally about

27、 300. so qt is changeless in the system. but when the motor runs at a low speed，pt increased，and the power factor decreased.iv. analyse of pwm rectifiersubstituted scr by pwm rectifier, the principle diagram of the new cascaded speed control system scheme is fig.2.the application of pwm rectifier us

28、ed in self- feedback cascade speed control system ma changxiao and wang aimeng fig. 2. structure of pwm rectifier cascade speed regulation system pwm rectifier is a four-quadrant converter. its ac and dc sides can be controlled. when using the grid electromotive force vector as reference，the pwm rec

29、tifier can work in fourquadrant by controlling the ac side voltage vector v . i hypothesis fixedness，so the vl = coll is fixedness too. in this situation，the motion trajectory of the pwm rectifier ac side voltage vector is a round with the radius of vl when the endpoint of voltage vectorv on the cir

30、cle locus a point，current vector i delays electromotive force vector £90° and the net side of the pwm rectifier shows inductance characteristic as fig.3. when the endpoint of voltage vector v on the circle locus b point，current vector i is parallel and the same direction with electromotive

31、 force vector e . the net side of the pwm rectifier shows positive resistancecharacteristic as figa when the endpoint of voltage vector v on the circle locus c point， current vector i is lead electromotive force vector £90° and the net side of the pwm rectifier shows capacitance characteri

32、stic as fig.5. when the endpoint of voltage vector v on the circle locus d point，current vector i is parallel and the opposite direction with electromotive force vector e the net side of the pwm rectifier shows negative resistance characteristic as fig.6.(3)o(6)so make sure the output voltage of the

33、 dc side isinvariableness，the input current and voltage of the ac side can work on negative resistance or capacitance characteristic, hence qt =0or qt=-q1 the power factor is increased.v. design of the pwm rectifier control systemas the ac side of three-phase pwm rectifier is timevarying，it is diffi

34、culty to design the control system. so the method of vector control of asynchronous motor is introduced. the abc reference frame changes to d-q synchronously rotating reference frame bases on the grid voltage frequency. so the sinusoidal variables in abc reference frame become dc variables in d-q sy

35、nchronously rotating reference frame. it is easy to design the control system. in the d-q synchronously rotating reference frame，the q coordinate axis is coincides with the grid electromotive force vector edq，so the d axis component of the electromotive force vector ed is zero. in the synchronously

36、rotating reference frame，the q axis component shows the active power and the d axis shows the reactive power. in d-q synchronously rotating reference frame， the model of three-phase pwm rectifier is:ldv+vzil "l alp + r col col lp + r(2)in the equation mentioned above, ed，eq is the d and q axis

37、component of the electromotive force vector edq，vd，vq is the d and q axis component of the voltage vector in the ac side， id，iq is the d and q axis component of the current vector in the ac side，and p is the differential operator. in the equation (2)，because the d and q axis component is coupled，it

38、is difficult to design the control system. so a control strategy based on the feed-forward decoupling isapplied. the pi regulator is bedded in the current regulators，so the control equation of vd，vq is:v(, = - kip +- 4/ )-+ eq7vd = kip +- h )+ edkip，kii is the proportion adjustment coefficient and t

39、he integral regulation coefficient of the current regulating loop. * iq id is the appointed value of iq，id in the voltage loop，the needed current is the three phase symmetrical sine current，and its the same frequency of grid voltage. so in d-q synchronously rotating reference frame, iq and id are dc

40、 quantity. hence iq and id can be adjusted smoothly by pi regulator. the equation is (4).v)introduced the conception of instantaneous power，in the dq synchronously rotating reference frame，the instantaneous active power and reactive power of the pwm rectifier net side can shows as (5):p = eqwdq = e人

41、-e(!ed(5)in order to compensate the inductive reactive power absorbed by motor, the pwm rectifier works in capacitive character. so id is:c jform the equation (3) (4) (6)，the control block diagram of pwm rectifier is fig.7.vi. simulation results of the pwm rectifier cascadespeed control systemsimula

42、te the pwm rectifier cascade speed control system base on the structure of fig.l and the direct current control strategy of fig.7. the simulation parameters are: the rated power of inner-feeding motor is 710kw，the stator rated voltage is 6000v, the rated current is 72a，the voltage of adjusting windi

43、ng is 510v，the rated speed is 1487r/min. the inductance in ac side is 0.001h, the capacitance in dc side is0.0033f, the dc voltage is 1200v. the results of simulation are fig.8, fig.9 and fig. 10.1.50.5timo2.53.5fig.8fig.9u.o 2.01 z.ob 2.032.042.052.062.072.082.00timofig.lofrom fig.8，the dc voltage

44、works on 1200v，it is beneficial to regulate the speed smoothly. fig.9 is the a phase voltage and current of pwm rectifier ac side. it shows that pwm rectifier runs on capacitance characteristic. so it transports active power to the grid meanwhile produces capacitive reactive power. hence the system

45、works on unity power factor, as the waveform of voltage and current in fig. 10.in conventional chopping cascade speed regulation system，because thyristor is half-controlled device, the inverter runs on inductance characteristic and the current waveform is not sine wave. hence current delays voltage

46、in net side and the power factor of the system is poor. the current and voltage of thyristor-inverter and grid is shown in fig. 11 and fig. 122sofig. 11fig. 12s-3-4".80.810.82 o.b3 o.s4 o ss o sg 0.870.660.800.0timofundamental (50hz) = b3.32 ( thd= 5.5e%fig. 13besides the new cascade speed cont

47、rol system has much less harmonic. from fig. 13 and fig. 14, the total harmonic distortion (thd) of the new system is 5.56%, it is about half of the conventional chopping cascade speed regulation system which is 12.28%.fig j 4108b42ovii. conclusionthis paper proposed a new cascaded speed control system scheme based on pwm rectifier. the simulation verified the analysis of new control system that the new system