必修4unit2課文-教師版(共3頁)

1、必修四 unit2A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE造福全人類的先驅(qū)者 Although he is one of China's most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, fo

2、r whom he has struggled for the past five decades. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the s

3、ame fields. Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.盡管是中國最著名的科學(xué)家之一，袁隆平仍然認為自己是個農(nóng)民，因為他在田里耕作，進行科學(xué)研究。的確，他被太陽曬得黝黑的臉龐和和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又結(jié)實的身軀，就跟其他千百萬中國農(nóng)民一樣，過去50年來，他一直在努力幫助他們。袁博士種植的是被稱為“超級雜交水稻的”的稻種。1974年，他成為世界上第一位種植高產(chǎn)水稻的農(nóng)業(yè)先鋒。這種特殊的稻種使得同樣的田地多收獲三分之一的產(chǎn)量。如今中國每年出產(chǎn)的稻米有60%以上出

4、自這種雜交稻種。 Born into a poor farmer's family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem

5、 in many parts of the countryside. Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice. In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. These increase

6、d harvests mean that 22% of the world's people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the

7、 world of hunger. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 袁博士1930年出生，1953年畢業(yè)于西南農(nóng)學(xué)院。從那時起，找到水稻高產(chǎn)的方法就成為他一生的目標(biāo)。年輕時，他就看到了稻田增產(chǎn)的巨大需求。當(dāng)時，饑荒是許多農(nóng)村地區(qū)面臨的嚴(yán)重問題。袁博士要在不增加土地面積的基礎(chǔ)上尋求達到增收稻谷的途徑。1950年，中國農(nóng)民只能生產(chǎn)五千萬噸稻谷，而近來卻生產(chǎn)了將近兩億噸稻谷。這一糧食產(chǎn)量的增加意味著中國僅僅7%的耕地養(yǎng)活了世界22%的人口。袁博士現(xiàn)在在印度、越南和很多其他欠

8、發(fā)達國家傳播提高水稻產(chǎn)量的知識。多虧了他的研究，聯(lián)合國在消除世界饑餓的戰(zhàn)斗中有了更多的辦法。用他的雜交水稻種子，農(nóng)民種出的糧食比以前多了一倍。 Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he doesn't care about being famous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. He would much rather keep time for his hobbles. He enjoys listening to violin musi

9、c, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles. He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agric

10、ulture. 袁博士很滿意他的生活。但是，他對成名并不在意，并且覺得出名后搞科研就不那么自由了。他寧愿把時間花在自己的業(yè)余愛好上。他喜歡聽小提琴樂曲、打麻將、游泳和讀書。在自己身上花錢或者享受舒適的生活對袁博士來說意義不大。事實上，他認為一個人有了太多錢，他的麻煩事只會更多，而不是更少。于是，他拿出好幾百萬元幫助其他人進行農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究。 Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. Long ago Dr yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of

11、rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe. One dre

12、am is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.夢想是不花本錢的。很久以前，袁博士曾在夢里看到水稻長得像高粱一樣高，稻穗跟玉米穗一樣大，而每粒稻谷像花生米一樣大。袁博士從夢中醒來，希望能種植一種能養(yǎng)活更多人的水稻。在很多年后的今天，袁博士還有另外一個夢想，那就是他的稻谷可以出口并長遍全球。一個夢想總是不夠的，尤其對一個熱愛和關(guān)心人民的人來說更是如此。CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING? 化學(xué)耕作還是有機耕作？Over the past half centu

13、ry, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming. 在過去的半個世紀(jì)里，在耕作中使用化肥已經(jīng)非常普遍。Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production. 很多農(nóng)民喜歡使用化肥。把化肥作為防治農(nóng)作物病蟲害和提高產(chǎn)量的重要手段。 Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilize

14、rs can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people's health. 然而，最近科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)長期使用這些肥料會造成土地受損，甚至更危險的是，會對人們的健康造成危害。 What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? 化肥帶來的問題有哪些呢？ First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful one

15、s. 首先，化肥在殺死病菌和害蟲的同時也會殺死有益的細菌和昆蟲，從而破壞土地。Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time. 化學(xué)物質(zhì)還會在地里和地下水中保存很長時間，This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. 而這會影響到莊稼，進而影響到動物和人類，因為化學(xué)成分會進入到農(nóng)作物中，并且不能被沖洗掉。

16、These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time. 隨著時間的推移，食物中的這些化學(xué)成分會在人體中堆積。Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. 很多化學(xué)成分能導(dǎo)致癌癥或其他疾病。 In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of m

17、uch nutrition. 另外，施過化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生長得過快而營養(yǎng)不足。 They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals. 它們表面上很好看，但里面通常是含過多的水分，而不是維生素和礦物質(zhì)。 With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming. 由于這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些農(nóng)民和消費者開始轉(zhuǎn)向有機耕作。 Orga

18、nic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. 有機耕作就是不用任何化學(xué)肥料的耕作。They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. 農(nóng)民關(guān)心的是保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. 健康的土壤會減少病蟲害并且?guī)椭r(nóng)作物茁壯成長。 Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using na

19、tural waste from animals as fertilizer. 因此，有機耕作的農(nóng)民通常喜歡把天然的動物糞便當(dāng)作肥料。 They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. 他們認為這樣會使地里的土壤更富含礦物質(zhì)，因而也會更加肥沃， This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.同時還可以讓空氣、土壤、水以及農(nóng)作物不受化學(xué)物質(zhì)的污染。 Organic farmers

20、 also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. 有機耕作的農(nóng)民也使用很多其他的方法來保持土地肥沃。They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. 在同一塊地里，他們經(jīng)常每隔幾年就換種農(nóng)作物。 例如，種玉米和小麥后來年再改種豌豆或大豆。 Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. 像豌豆或大豆這樣的農(nóng)作物將重要的礦物質(zhì)帶回土壤，從而使之適宜于種植要求土地肥沃的農(nóng)作物，比如玉米