初中英語如何快速正確地做從句題？很實用的技巧

1、初中英語如何快速正確地做從句題？很實用的技巧從句往往是很多學(xué)生的難點，碰到從句的題時，很多學(xué)生就頭疼。其實很多時候不是學(xué)生不會做這類題，而是他們沒有掌握做此類題的方法。那怎樣才能快速地做這樣一類題呢？我個人認(rèn)為，有以下幾點：要能快速而準(zhǔn)確地斷句當(dāng)學(xué)生們碰到一個難長句的時候，很多學(xué)生一下子就懵了，不知道從哪著手。其實第一步就是要找出句子的主干，明白句子的中心意思。這樣才能把主句和從句分開。比如：Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested

2、 in the memoir (回憶錄) of Ralph Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.我們來分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：這是一個復(fù)合句。首先找出句子的主干：Anyone will be interested in the memoir。Anyone是主語，謂語是will be interested in，memoir是賓語。Anyone后面是一個由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，用來限定Anyone所指的范圍。在這個從句中，又包含兩個由and連接并分別由what和how 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，表示cares about的內(nèi)

3、容。判斷從句所屬類型我們已經(jīng)把主句和從句分開了，現(xiàn)在要做的就是判斷一下從句到底是什么從句。英語中存在三類從句：定語從句、狀語從句和名詞性從句。判斷的方法在于：看從句在整個句子中充當(dāng)什么成分。充當(dāng)定語就是定語從句，充當(dāng)狀語就是狀語從句，充當(dāng)主語就是主語從句。在這一步驟中又存在一些方法：一般來說，只要使用在名詞或代詞后面的從句都是定語從句；放在介詞和動詞后面的都是賓語從句；句中有it做形式主語或形式賓語的話，那么后面的從句就是主語或賓語從句；放在系動詞和一些相當(dāng)于系動詞的詞（remain, get, turn）后面的都是表語從句；放在一些抽象名詞后面的且在從句中不充當(dāng)成分的都是同位語從句。比如：I

4、t is by no means clear _the president can do to end the strike.句子的主干就是it is by no means，顯然在這個句中it充當(dāng)?shù)氖切问街髡Z，后面的_the president can do就是一個主語從句，這是從句中缺少主語，我們就填的是what.A lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children dur

5、ing the period.句子的主干就是language learning is happening in the first year of life. _ has been discovered用來修飾整個主句的內(nèi)容，又放在主句的中間，所以這是一個非限制性定語從句修飾整個主句的內(nèi)容。我們都知道在定語從句中內(nèi)代替整個句子內(nèi)容的有兩個引導(dǎo)詞：which和as，只有as在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時能放在句中，所以這個地方填的就是as。_he is, he will be thinking of you.顯然這句話的主干就是：he will be thinking of you. _ he is在

6、整個句子當(dāng)中充當(dāng)?shù)木褪菭钫Z，所以這部分就是狀語從句。在這個狀語從句中缺乏的就是表語，想到眾多的引導(dǎo)詞以后，我們最終選擇了wherever。因為wherever的意思是“無論在哪”，剛好符合題意，所以是最合適的一個。Is this desk_ he bought for me yesterday?Is this the desk _ he bought for me yesterday?碰到一般疑問句了，怎么辦呢？我們第一步就是要把它變成陳述句。所以第一句話的主干就是this desk is,第二句話的主干就是this is the desk。很顯然，第一句話后面的從句he bought for

7、 me就是一個表語從句，而第二句話后面的從句he bought for me就是一個定語從句。在第一句話中，表語從句中缺乏賓語，所以填的就是what。在第二句話中，定語從句中缺的也是賓語，我們填的是which/that或不填。所以做題時一定要細(xì)致，向這兩個題的區(qū)別就在于一個定冠詞the.判斷從句中缺什么成分判斷從句中缺什么成分，然后根據(jù)各種從句的規(guī)則選擇引導(dǎo)詞。值得注意的有：（1）在定語從句中，除了as之外的引導(dǎo)詞，其他詞都沒有實在意義。還有就是定語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞不包括what, how和-ever型的詞，在狀語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞不包括that。在名詞性從句和狀語從句中，除了要判斷出從句中所缺成分

8、之外，還要把引導(dǎo)詞的意思帶進(jìn)句中，這樣才能最終選擇出答案。（2）關(guān)于that在各從句中的作用。我們都知道that在定語從句中指人或物，在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語。而that在名詞性從句中則不充當(dāng)任何成分，也沒有實在意義。（3）關(guān)于no matter+疑問詞和-ever型的疑問詞的適用范圍。no matter+疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)狀語從句，而和-ever型的疑問詞既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，又可引導(dǎo)狀語從句。（4）在定語從句中，如果引導(dǎo)詞后面緊跟了一個名詞，那么引導(dǎo)詞一定填的是whose，此時的whose可以和of which/whom +名詞或者是the+名詞+of which/whom互換。(5)在定語

9、從句中缺的成分只有主賓表或狀語。如果在判斷完句子都不缺主要成分的情況下，那肯定就是缺狀語。要注意一些特殊的先行詞在句中充當(dāng)狀語時，用的是引導(dǎo)詞where。比如：position, occasion, condition, stage等。請分析下面的句子：Sorry Im late, but you cannot imagine _ trouble I took to find your house.Why didnt you chat with that friendly foreigner just now?- Id like to have, but the trouble was _ h

10、e said was difficult for me to understand.Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.“Id like to give my thanks to those _ help my son will be able to survive his terrible disease.” Said the mother on TV.Some people are worried about the year 2012 _ t

11、hey think the earth will end in disaster,Keys:what; that what; when; with whose; when.下面請大家分析一下的難長句，找出句子的主干以及分析句中的其他成分。1. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers

12、 with high yields.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的主干是This will be particularly true。since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。此從句中又套嵌一個由關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾the high-energy American fashion。在定語從句中，that做主語，makes做謂語，it做形式賓語，不定式短語to combine few farmers with high yields則是真正的賓語（不定式短語內(nèi)部to combine是主干，few farmers是賓語，with high yields是狀語），possible做賓語補足語。this指代前句中

13、提到的這種困境。energy pinch譯為“能源的匱乏”;infashion譯為“用方法、方式”。2. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter，we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的主干是we must be sure。since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句the assessment of intelligence is

14、a comparative matter。主句中又有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison。此賓語從句中又套嵌一個由介詞with+which引導(dǎo)的定語從句with which we are comparing our subjects修飾先行詞the scale。scale在此處意為“尺度、衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。3. In general，the tests work most effectively when the qualities

15、to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can be not well defined.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是the tests work most effectively whenand least effectively when。and連接兩個并列分句，每個并列分句中皆有一個when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句分別說明work most effectively和and（work）least effectively。第二個時間

16、狀語從句中還有一個主語從句whatpredicted。the tests是主句的主語，work為動詞做謂語。qualities在此處是可數(shù)名詞，不譯為“質(zhì)量”，而譯為“特征”。defined不能直譯為“被定義為”，而應(yīng)譯為主動語態(tài)“界定”。4. For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable ci

17、rcumstances.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是they do not compensate，and thus do not tell how。and連接兩個并列分句，第二個并列分句中由how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句是一個帶有虛擬條件句的主從復(fù)合句，其中had he grown up（=If he had grown up）是省略了連詞if的非真實條件句。主句主語的they，在此代指上文提到的tests; able在句中作might have been的表語。underprivileged在此不能譯為“沒有特權(quán)的”，而譯為“沒有地位的”或“物質(zhì)條件差的”。5.It leads the discussion

18、 to extremes at the outset：it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans，or with no consideration at all.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that。冒號后的復(fù)合句是對冒號前部分作進(jìn)一步說明。復(fù)合句中that引導(dǎo)賓語從句

19、，從句中有eitheror引導(dǎo)的兩個并列的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，修飾動詞be treated，其中第一個with介詞結(jié)構(gòu)中還有一個省略了關(guān)系代詞that或which的定語從句humans extend to other humans，修飾the consideration。it代指上文的觀點，即如果對人權(quán)沒有達(dá)成一致看法，而談?wù)搫游锏臋?quán)利是徒勞的。介詞短語at the outset譯為“從一開始”。動詞invites應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)譯為“使”、“讓”或“促使”。動賓結(jié)構(gòu)extend consideration to意為“給予關(guān)懷或關(guān)心”，consideration不應(yīng)譯為“考慮”。6. But even mor

20、e important，it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past，for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是it was the farthest that。但I(xiàn)t wasthat在本句中不是強調(diào)句型。it是指上句中所提到的150億年前形成的巨大云團(tuán)（a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 1

21、5 billion light-years from earth）;that引導(dǎo)的應(yīng)是一個定語從句，修飾先行詞the farthest。for引導(dǎo)的是表示原因的分句，分句中還有that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾the patterns and structure。7. Thus it happened that when the new factories that were springing up required labor，tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers，with their wives and ch

22、ildren，were forced into the cities in search of work，and any work，under any condition，that would keep them alive.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是it happened that。it做形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的從句做真正的主語。主語從句中，又有一個由when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，主句為tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workerswere forced，時間狀語從句中從句主語the new factories又帶有一個定

23、語從句that were springing up; that would keep them alive做work的定語從句。spring up意為“發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)，建立”。8. As a result of two or three centuries of scientific investigation we have come to believe that nature is understandable in the sense that when we ask her questions by way of appropriate observations and experime

24、nts，she will answer truly and reward us with discoveries that endure.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是we have come to believe that。that引導(dǎo)的從句做believe的賓語從句;此從句中有一個that從句作the sense的同位語從句;同位語從句中又套嵌一個由when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句;此時間狀語從句又套嵌一個定語從句that endure，修飾其先行詞discoveries。by way of意為“經(jīng)由，通過方法”;reward sb. with意為“以報答，酬勞”;endure此處應(yīng)譯為“持久，持續(xù)”,

25、不要譯為“忍受，容忍”。9. These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details were it not for the fact that theoretical understanding has reached the stage at which it is becoming possible to indicate the kind of measurements required for reliable weather forecasting.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details。后面緊跟省略了if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句were it not for the fact that，即if it were not for the fact that;that從句作the fact的同位語從句。此從句中又套嵌一個定語從句，修飾其先行詞the stage; required for reliable