主謂一致講解與練習(xí)答案

1、主謂一致【主謂一致命題趨勢(shì)與預(yù)測(cè)】 根據(jù)對(duì)主謂一致部分全國(guó)各地試題的分析可知，今后該部分將是重點(diǎn)考查點(diǎn)之一。其考查重點(diǎn)為：1. 語(yǔ)法一致的原則2. 意義一致的原則3. 鄰近一致的原則 謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，須和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致。主謂一致一般遵循三條原則：語(yǔ)法 一致原則，意義一致原則和就近一致原則。在英語(yǔ)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上同主語(yǔ)保持一致，叫做主謂一致。通常采用下列三個(gè)原則來(lái)處理， 即：語(yǔ)法形式一致的原則、邏輯意義一致的原則、就近（或毗鄰）一致的原則。一、語(yǔ)法形式一致的原則 即在語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致。如：主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用

2、復(fù)數(shù)形 式。但須注意下列幾種情況：1. 以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 例句： What you need most is to have a good sleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一覺(jué)。How you can get there is a problem.你怎么到那兒去還是個(gè)問(wèn)題。注意： 由what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式。但若表語(yǔ)是“復(fù)數(shù)或 what 從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu) ”時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) 。例如： What I bought were three English books. 我買的是三本英

3、語(yǔ)書(shū)。What we badly need here are experienced teachers.我們這里急需的是有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的教師?！究祭?As the saying ,"Where there is a will; there is a way. "昆明市 A. goB. goes C. going D. went答案 B 解析 the saying 為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用goes 。2、由 and 或 both.and 來(lái)連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。例句： Swimming and walking are good exercises.游泳和散步都是好運(yùn)

4、動(dòng)。Both John and Ann have got pen-friends.約翰和安都有筆友。1）并列主語(yǔ)如果表示同一個(gè)人、 同一事物或同一概念時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式 （這時(shí) and 后的名詞前沒(méi)有冠詞） 例如： The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting.經(jīng)理兼書(shū)記沒(méi)有出席會(huì)議。Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li. 他們的老師和朋友是李先生。2）由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前如果分別被 no， each ， every或many a ，more than one 修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用單數(shù)形式

5、。每個(gè)男士和婦女都被請(qǐng)來(lái)幫忙。許多學(xué)生正在那家工廠實(shí)習(xí)。不止一個(gè)學(xué)生對(duì)這本書(shū)感興趣。There be 句型中，亦可用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： Each man and each woman is asked to help. Many a student is having practice in that factory.More than one student is interested in the book.注意 在“more than one單數(shù)名詞 ”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若在這兒不止一個(gè)人。例如： There is/are more than one man here.【考例】 Trees and f

6、lowers every year to make our country more beautiful. 陜西省 A. is plantedB. was plantedC. are planted D. were planted解析 every year 說(shuō)明本句表示一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的概念，去掉B 、 D項(xiàng)； trees and flowers 表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)意義 ,答案： C3 、如果主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，盡管后面跟有 (together) with ，as well as ， like， but ， except ， besides ， including ， no less than ， rather th

7、an ， as much as ，more than ， along with ，in addition to 等介詞短語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用 單數(shù)形式；若主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： An English teacher together with some students has climbed to the top of the mountain.Mary as well as her friends likes this painting.瑪麗和她的朋友都喜歡這幅畫(huà)。No one except my close friends knows anything about this

8、 matter. 除了我的親密朋友誰(shuí)也不知道這件事。 She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 像你和湯姆那樣她很高。4 、不定代詞 each, either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如： Each （of us） takes a cup of coffee.（ 我們 ）每人喝一杯咖啡。Everyone knows smoking cigarettes is bad for health.大家都知道吸煙不利于身體健康。5. 不定代詞 none 以及由"none of 復(fù)

9、數(shù)合詞 （或代詞）"構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單復(fù)數(shù)均可。 例如： Neither of them have replied. 他們兩個(gè)誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有答復(fù)。Neither of them has replied. 他們兩個(gè)誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有答復(fù)。6、在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞 that ， who ， which 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)，應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。 例如： The horse which is tied to the tree belongs to John.拴在樹(shù)上的那匹馬是約翰的。Those who want to go on a journey please sign your

10、name here.要去旅游的請(qǐng)把名字簽在這兒。注意 在以 “one of the復(fù)數(shù)名詞 ”為先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句中， 關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)； 但如果 “one of the 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 ”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)前有 the only 之類的修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，其從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如： This is one of the questions that have been asked by the students.這是學(xué)生提出的許多問(wèn)題的一個(gè)。He is the only one of the officers who was invited to the ball here.他是辦公室唯一收到邀請(qǐng)

11、的人。7、“a lot of（ lots of ）， plenty of ， a head of ， heaps of ， the rest （majority ） of ，some （many ，anymore ， most ， all等） of+名詞 ”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與of后面的名詞（短語(yǔ)）保持一致。例如： Most of the students in our class are league.我們班上大多數(shù)學(xué)生是團(tuán)員。Most of the food tastes delicious. 大多數(shù)食物味道很好。Lots of damage was caused by

12、smoking.許多損害是由吸煙引起的。注意： 1）all 單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)表示 “人 ”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；表示 “整個(gè)事件或事情 ”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。例句： All are present. 所有的人都出席了。 （表人 ）All is well. 一切都好。 （ 表示整個(gè)事情或情況 ）注意： 2）“a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 ”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式； “The number of+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 ”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂 語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： A number of students in our class are out by the lake.我們班有些學(xué)生到湖邊去了。The number

13、of students in our school is 2500.我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生人數(shù)是 2500 名?！究祭?Look! There playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. （2008包頭 ）A. are a number of deerB. are a number of deersC. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers答案： A 。該題考查的是主謂一致。這個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)是a number of deer, 是個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)概念，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。（ deer 單復(fù)數(shù)相同）8、由 “分?jǐn)?shù)或百

14、分?jǐn)?shù) +of +名詞（或代詞） ”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)要與 of后面的名詞（短語(yǔ)）保持一致。 例如： Two thirds of the country is dry or desert. 這個(gè)國(guó)家的三分之二的地方氣候干燥或者是沙漠地區(qū)。More than 70 percent of the surface of our earth is covered by water.地球 70% 的表面被水所覆蓋。30 percent of the students in our class are girls.我們班的 30% 是女生。9 、如果主語(yǔ)是由 “a kind of, 或this/th

15、at kind of, a series （ a species） of，a pair of 等 + 名詞”構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。例如： This kind of men is dangerous. 這種人是危險(xiǎn)的。That kind of snake/snakes is dangerous.那種蛇很危險(xiǎn)。注意 但 "there/those kinds of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 "作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。 例句： There kinds of tests are good . 這種測(cè)試很好。Those kinds of apple trees have not yet gr

16、own up.那種蘋果樹(shù)還沒(méi)有長(zhǎng)。二、邏輯意義一致原則即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)在涵義。常見(jiàn)的有以下幾種情況：1 、表示總稱意義形單意復(fù)的名詞，如people, police, cattle 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，只當(dāng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語(yǔ)在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)。例句： Cattle are one cause of the problem. 造成戈壁灘的原因之一是牲畜問(wèn)題。The police are searching for a murderer in that mountain.警察正在山中搜尋一名殺人犯。2 、以集體名詞 army, class, enemy, family, govern

17、ment, group, team， crew ， crowd ，public等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)視其情況而用不同形式：當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)被看作一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，如果被看成是其中的個(gè)體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)就用復(fù)數(shù)。例句： Our family is not poor any more. 我們家已經(jīng)不再貧困了。My family all speak the Intuit language. 我一家人都講因努伊特語(yǔ)。注意 population 單獨(dú)使用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)； 而前面有 some, most 或與分?jǐn)?shù)、 百分?jǐn)?shù)連用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： Most of the po

18、pulation of the city are workers.這個(gè)城市人口的大多數(shù)是工人。One third of the population now smoke. 三分之一的人口在吸煙。The population in our country is very large, and eighty percent of the population are farmers.3、當(dāng)一些有兩部分構(gòu)成的表示衣物或工具的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式， 如 glasses, trousers （褲 子） , shoes ， chopsticks （筷子） ,goods （貨物） ,sci

19、ssors （剪刀） ,socks, compasses （圓規(guī)） ，但如果這 些名詞前有 a pair of ，等量詞修飾時(shí)，（ clothes 被修飾 a suit of ），謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。 例如： Your trousers need washing. 你的褲子該洗了。My glasses are new.我的眼鏡是新的。A pair of new shoes is in your suitcase.一雙新鞋在你的手提箱里。Two pairs of socks are enough for me.對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，兩雙襪子就足夠了。4、由 “ pair, piece of +名詞 /

20、代詞 ”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與 pair, piece 等詞保持一致與后的代詞、名詞無(wú)關(guān)。 例如： There is a pair of shoes left. 只剩下一雙鞋。The pieces of stone were then carried to the new place for the temple.所有石塊被運(yùn)到新建寺廟的地方。5、當(dāng)表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值等數(shù)詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)意義一致原則，通常被看作一個(gè)整體， 其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)?！究祭?-How much the shoes?-Five dollars enough 2007 年青島市 Ais；isB are ；i

21、sCare； areDis；are答案 B 解析 答案為 B。shoes 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式； five dollars 是一個(gè)整體， 應(yīng)按單數(shù)對(duì)待。 【考例】 How time flies! Ten years passed. （2004天津 ）A. have B. has C. is D. are答案： B。該題考查的是主謂一致。 Ten years 通常被看作是一個(gè)時(shí)間整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。6. 某些形復(fù)意單的名詞 （如表示人名、地名、國(guó)名及組織、書(shū)籍、報(bào)刊等名稱的專有名詞和學(xué)科名詞等）作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。例句： Physics is a difficult subje

22、ct to learn, I think.我想，物理是一門難學(xué)的目。The United States is in North America.美國(guó)在北美洲。7、如果主語(yǔ)由 “ the+形容詞（分詞） ”擔(dān)任時(shí)，往往根據(jù)意義一致原則，來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果 表示一類人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果指?jìng)€(gè)人或抽象概念時(shí)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： The old is taken good care of in our country.在我們國(guó)家老人受到很好的照顧。The sick is one of the students in our class.那位病人是我們班的一個(gè)學(xué)生。8、名

23、詞所有格之后的名詞被省略的情況，一般只指商店、公共建筑物、住宅等，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。 例如： The baker's is on the side of the street.理發(fā)館在街道的另一邊。My uncle's is not very far from here.我叔叔的家離這兒不太遠(yuǎn)。9、數(shù)詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，但有四則運(yùn)算中，謂語(yǔ)單、復(fù)數(shù)均可。例如： Ten times five is / are fifty.十乘五等于五十。Three hundred and forty plus six hundred and sixty is / are one th

24、ousand.340加 660 等于 1000 。10. 疑問(wèn)代詞 who, what, which 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式取決于它產(chǎn)本身的含義。 例如： Which is your room? 哪一間是你的房子 ?Which are your rooms?哪幾間是你的房子 ?11 、表示數(shù)量的短語(yǔ) “one and a half 名詞復(fù)數(shù) ”及“a單數(shù)名詞 anda half 作”主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 例句： One and a half oranges has been left on the table.桌子上只剩下一個(gè)半桔了。A month and a half has passed

25、.一個(gè)半月時(shí)間過(guò)去了。三、就近一致原則即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)隨最近的主語(yǔ)而定，又稱為毗鄰一致原則。例如：1、當(dāng) or ，either.or ， neither.nor ， not only.but also. ，not.but ，whether.or. 等連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近于它的名詞或代詞。例句： Either you or Lily is to do the cleaning after supper.不是該你，就是該莉莉在晚飯后打掃衛(wèi)生。Not only the mother but also the children were there.不但母親在那里，而且孩子們

26、也在那里?！究祭?Not only Jim but also his sister a few cities in the south since they came to China 臨沂市 A will visitB. has visited C have visited D visited答案 B 解析 本題既考查時(shí)態(tài)， 又考查并列連詞 not only but also 的用法。 由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) since they came to China ，可判斷用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，排除 A、D 兩項(xiàng)； not only but also 連接兩個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 要用 “就近原則?！究祭?Ne

27、ither Jim nor his cousins to America, but _of them know the country very well. 07年濰坊市 A have been ； a11B. have been; bothC has been; allD has been; both答案 B 解析 考查 neither nor 的用法，以及 both 與 all 的區(qū)別。 neither nor連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用 “就近原則 ”， cousins 是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用 have been ，排除 C和 D項(xiàng)；指兩者用 both。2、在倒裝句中如一個(gè)句子由 there 或her

28、e 引起，而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 例如： There is a desk a table and three chairs in the room.房間里有一張書(shū)桌，一張桌子和三把椅子 .【考例】 -There no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick?-All right, Mum. 福州市 A. isB. areC. wasD. were答案A解析本題考查 "there be 句”型中 be 的數(shù)及時(shí)態(tài)， be 在數(shù)上要與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致 .句子的主語(yǔ)是不 可數(shù)名詞，所以 be

29、應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式， B 、D 兩項(xiàng)可以排除?！菊Z(yǔ)法過(guò)關(guān)】1 How time flies! Ten years passed.C. isD. areA. have B. has2 Not only his parents but also his brother A. have been B. have gone going to see the patient.3 Neither my fatherA. nor I amB. nor I areto the Summer Palace. They havenC. has beenC. or me areD. has gone' t be

30、en back.4 Look! Thereplaying with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2004D. or me is 包頭)A. are a number of deerB. are a number of deers C. is a number of deerD. is a number of deers5 The number ofin our classfifty.C. the students, isD. students, areA. student, is B. the students, are 6 The number of the

31、 students in our class 54.A. isB. are?C. has?D. have7ANot only I but also Jane and Mary isB aretired of having one examination after anotherC amD be8AA library with five thousand books to the nation as a gift.is offeredBhas offeredC are offeredD have offered9AWhen and where to build the new factory

32、is not decidedB are not decidedyet C has not decidedD have not decided10The number of people invited _fifty， but a number of themabsent for different reasonsAwere ， wasB was, wasBetween the two buildings a monumentAAis standingB standingMany a student _that mistake before. had madeB has been made13N

33、one of the moneyhisAisBare14About three fifths of the workCCstandsCwas ， werehave madeC belongsdone yesterdayDstandD were wereD has madeD wereAhadBwasC wereDhave15 Neither your sister nor mine the good news Let's tell them A knowB knowsC knew1. Either Jane or Steven watching TV now.A. wereB. isC

34、. wasD. are2. Two days enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.A. isn ' tB. is C. aren ' t D. are3. How many lessons do you usually have a day? Six lessons a day. And each of them 45 minutes.A. lastB. lastsC. have D. are4. Neither Liping nor I a basketball player.A. am B. is C.

35、be D. are5. There many new words in lesson one. It is very easy.A. is B. aren ' tC. isn ' tD. are6. The number of the students in our school 1200.A. isB. areC. has D. have7. Maths my favourite subject.A. be B. is C. am D. are8. The boy with the two dogs when the earthquake rocked the city.A.

36、 were sleepingB. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are asleep9. Everyone except Tom and John there when the meeting began.A. are B. isC. wereD. was10. That place is not interesting at all, of us wants to go there.A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some11. Nobody but Jane the secret.A. know B. knows C. have k

37、nowD. is12. What' s on the plate? Some eggs and cakes on it? There some eggs and cakes on it.A. is B. are C. was D. were13. This pair of glasses mine.A. areB. beC. is D. will be14. Both Lily and Lucy to the party yesterday.D. were invitedA. invited B. was invited C. had invited15. Two months qui

38、te a long time. Yes, I ' m afraid that he will miss lots of his lesson s.A. isB. are16. In the city the old A. take good care ofC. is taken good care ofC. was D. wereB. are taken good care ofD. are been taken good care of17. His family all very kind and friendly, His family a happy one.A. are, i

39、sB. is, isC. are, areD. is, are18. The singer and the dancer come to Beijing.A. hasB. have C. are D. is19. The children in this class each _new school bag.are havingA. haveB. hasC. has gotD.20. All but one _ here just now.A. isB. wasC.has beenD.were21. If Bob's wife won't agree to go on holi

40、day in winter,A. neither he willC. neither will heB. neither won't heD. he won't neither22. I haven't finished my homework yet.A. so has he B. Neither he hasC. He has tooD. He hasn't either23. “I'm going to visit the Lu Gou Bridge tomorrow. ” “A. I am soB. So am I C. So go I D. So I go24. You as well as heto blame（ 責(zé)備 ） for the accident （交通事故） .A. are B. isC. haveD. has25. Neither my wife nor I myselfable to teach my daughter to sing English songs.A. has beenB. isC. are D. am【參考答案】1B解析該題考查的是主謂一致。 Ten years 通常被看作是一個(gè)時(shí)間整體