中考英語(yǔ)閱讀技巧.PPT

1、1近幾年來(lái),閱讀理解題在試卷中所占的比重有所增加?？v觀近年來(lái)中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解試題，它們有以下特點(diǎn)：試題難度適中， 文章選材符合考試大綱的基本要求，保證了題材類型多樣；對(duì)閱讀理解的幾種技能考查比較全面； 文章篇幅和閱讀量略有增加；文章內(nèi)容積極健康，兼具知識(shí)性、實(shí)用性、思想性和教育性；題型日益多樣化，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)選擇題、是非判斷題、主觀回答題從整體上看， 中考閱讀理解試題基本都做到了以下幾個(gè)方面：第一，閱讀材料信息含量大，體現(xiàn)在文章的題材多樣化，材料具有真實(shí)性，原汁原味，選材新，避免選取廣為流傳和人所共知的材料，內(nèi)容涉及到科技、社會(huì)、文化、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、生活等。第二，文章有易有難，長(zhǎng)短搭配適度，命題者注意到

2、合理把握文章及句子的難度； 第三， 恰當(dāng)控制生詞的數(shù)量， 較好地處理合成詞與派生詞。 第四、閱讀材料的主題明確，話題新穎，有時(shí)代感。第五、語(yǔ)言地道，條理清晰，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，在時(shí)間順序、空間順序或邏輯推理上有較大的復(fù)雜性。第六、 體裁多樣化，有敘述文、說(shuō)明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文等。 有的試題是有關(guān)考查特定信息能力的廣告、公告類材料，也有的是選用科普、新聞等體裁閱讀能力重點(diǎn)考查點(diǎn)為以下幾種閱讀技能：一、信息搜尋準(zhǔn)確到位的能力這類試題常見(jiàn)的測(cè)試方式有根據(jù)文章判斷選項(xiàng)的正誤、篩選錯(cuò)誤的信息、挑選符合題意的選項(xiàng)等。02）these two letters appeared in a newspaper .bot

3、h writes have their own ideas on zooszoos do a good jobit is good to keep animals in zoos. i know a lot of people think it is wrong to keep animals in zoos.however, i believe that zoos have many points.zoosare unnaturalin marias letter , she says that zoos are good for animals. i am afraid that zoos

4、 are not good foranimals, they are only good for people.( t) maria and philip have quite different ideas on keeping animals in zoos.firstly, zoos are places for people to see many different kinds of animals from all over theworld .without zoos, most people would never see a real bear or tiger.it is

5、unnatural and unfair to keep wild animalsin cages . most animals are kept in cages that aretoo small for them. in the wild, these animals travel freely. in zoos, they can t do this. this is whythe bears and tigers always look so sad(f) in marias opinion, a real bear or tiger can only be seen in zoos

6、.二、對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換理解的能力這類試題往往提供數(shù)字、圖標(biāo)和文字描寫(xiě)等特定的情景，常常要求考生換個(gè)角度思考，只不過(guò)是敘述的角度與表述的語(yǔ)言不同。這類試題在閱讀理解試題中占的比例較大。01(a) joinus in the huanpu river tourthe huanpu river is must-see for tourists. you can enjoy the “ museum of internationalarchitecture on the bund” and the skyline of lujiazui in pudongyou can also see videos,

7、 sing2songs or watch wonderful performances on the boat.( t)the huanpu river is a very popularplace for tourist.(t )different kinds of recreations are offered on the boat.the tour guide will tell you something about shanghais today and yesterday both in chinese andin english. we offer three differen

8、t boat tours along the river every day. one is the 1.5-hour tripto see yangpu bridge at the price of 25-35yuan($3-4.2).the second is the 2-hour trip to gaoqiao atthe price of 50-100yuan($6-12).the third trip is the 3.5-hour trip to wusongkou, the mouth of theyangtze river where it runs into the east

9、 china sea. this costs 50-100yuan ($6-12). .(t )its not difficult for foreigners to learn something about shanghai on the boat.(f )it takes two hours to travel to yangpu bridge.( f) the trip to gaoqiao is the most expensive and it takes most time.三、對(duì)詞義轉(zhuǎn)換的理解能力這類試題常見(jiàn)的命題方式是根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)劃線詞的語(yǔ)義或者選擇一個(gè)近義詞等。new y

10、ork, london, pairs and other big cities are exciting places to live in . there are mayinteresting things to see and to do . you can go to different kinds of museums, plays and films .you can also buy things from all over the world.“t” or “f”(t) 1. inbig cities people can go to the allkinds of museum

11、s, plays and movies(t)2. people can buy things from throughout the world.四、具備一定的經(jīng)驗(yàn)常識(shí)的能力此類題主要是考查中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的多項(xiàng)綜合知識(shí)，包括：社會(huì)知識(shí)、天文知識(shí)、史地知識(shí)、科普知識(shí)、 語(yǔ)言國(guó)家的文化背景及對(duì)生活常識(shí)的主觀掌握程度。 此類題往往可以憑借學(xué)生自己的常識(shí)進(jìn)行判斷，然后做出正確、符合這些規(guī)律的選擇。（03）winter is dangerous because its so difficult to know what is going to happen andaccidents take place s

12、o easily. fog can be waiting to meet you over the top of a hill.ice might be hiding under the melting snow, waiting ahead to send you off the road.the car coming to you may suddenly slip across the roadgenerally , all twice of your usual stopping distance when the road is wet, threetimes this distan

13、ce on snow,and even more on ice.which of the following is not true?a. traffic accidents take place easily in winter.b. fog and melting snow often cause car accidents.c. the stopping distance on ice is as long as the usual one.d. in winter you should drive your car with great care.（c)五、 對(duì)文章主旨、作者圖意的分析

14、能力這屬于較高層次的考查思維能力的試題， 包括考查想像思維、 邏輯思維以及從局部到整體的概括思維能力等。 雖然一篇文章的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容可能很多， 但是核心思想都可以用一句或幾句話概括， 甚至三言兩語(yǔ)即可。 “歸納”和概括“考查的重點(diǎn)是在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章進(jìn)一步分析和整理的能力， 它可以要求歸納某一段落的中心思想， 也可以要求對(duì)文章整篇內(nèi)容3做歸納，如給文章選擇合適的標(biāo)題等。尋找主題句往往是做好此類題的關(guān)鍵。因此，在做題時(shí)，要注意每段的主題句(往往為第一句)。英文叫“topic sentence” ，它一般都用來(lái)表示一個(gè)段落的主旨大意，有時(shí)會(huì)在文章的最后一段總結(jié)文章的主旨,抓住主題句，就不難確定文

15、章的最佳標(biāo)題。這一類題型為主題問(wèn)題。如：what is the main idea of this passage？what does the passage maily talk about？what does the writer want to tell us？from the passage, we learn that另一類為標(biāo)題問(wèn)題。whichis the best title of this article？(05)when my family moved to america from a small village in guangdong, china, webrought

16、 not only our luggage, but also our village rules, customs and culture, one of the rules isthat young people should always respect elders. unluckily, this rule led to my very firstembarrassment in the united states.which is the best title for this passage?(a)a. different countries, different customs

17、b. old people, old customsc. different restaurants, different services.d. differences between old and young.(01)everyone can helpto save paper. if we all think carefully ,we can help protect trees. but weshould do it now, before it is too late.which is the best title of the passage?(a)a. saving pape

18、rb. the history of paperc. cotton handkerchiefs back againd. cai lun, the great inventor02from the passage, we learn that_a. we need wood to build houses, so we have to cut down trees.b. the rainforest people have done something to protect their home.c. to humans, gold is more important than trees.d

19、. wemustnt cut down any trees or kill any animals.(b)六、獲取事實(shí)、分析細(xì)節(jié)的能力此類題型的問(wèn)題以 what、who、which、when、where、how 或者 why 等詞引導(dǎo)，就文中某句、 某段或某一具體細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)并要求考生回答。 做好這類題的要領(lǐng)是： 1.明確題意，按照要求，尋找答案來(lái)源。2.開(kāi)放性問(wèn)題要找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞， 理解有些暗示的句子。 3.多讀文章，尤其是根問(wèn)題有關(guān)的上下文，正確使用排除法。405） a forest fire that burned 55 square kilometres was finally broug

20、ht under control on wednesdaymorning.the fire started on sunday in black bear state park and quickly spread to nearby areas. onmonday , police evacuated the small town of lawson and ordered the people to leave theirhomeswhen and where did the forest fire start?the fire started_(_on sunday in black b

21、ear state park)what did the police order the peopleto do?the police ordered the people to_(leave their homes)05) the fire spread quickly in the hot, dry weather. fire fighting was difficult because of strongwinds. firemen from 55 fire departments in the state joined the national fire service to put

22、outthe fire. some kept fighting for 24 hours. fire engines and helicopters dropped water onto thefirewhy was fire fighting difficult?because_(of strong winds_)how did the firemen drop water onto the fire?they_(used fire engines and helicopters_)_to drop water onto fire.police closed king road to tra

23、ffic on tuesday because of heavy smoke. thousands of touristshad to drive an hour north to queen road to pass the fire area. some people did not follow thepolice order.paul grayson sent his wife and two children to safety, but he stayed he startedthinking, “am i foolish ? did i stay here too long, j

24、ust for a house?”how long did the tourists have to drive north to queen road to pass the fire area?(an hour)what kind of person do you think paul grayson was?( he was not foolish/he wasbrave/responsible for his family.)04）subject: complaintsdate:may 30,2004from:to:dear sir or madam,last thursday, i

25、travelled on the 8:40from glasgow to london kings cross and i was veryunhappy with the service provided by your company.where did david robertson get on the train last thursday?in _(glasgow)the train was forty minutes late leaving glasgow, and although the guard apologized, we were notgiven any reas

26、on for the delay as a result , i missed my flight from london healthrow tofrankfurt and had to wait for several hours.what time did the train start its trip to kings cross that morning?at_(9:20_)_what happened to david because of the delay of the train?5he missed the flight and had to _(_wait for se

27、veral hours)what s more, the service on the train was also very poor. the trip takes over five hours ,unluckily , there was no restaurant car on the train and only a bar withsoft drinks. worst of all,the air condition broken down half-way through the trip and it got hotter and hotter in the train.wh

28、at did the bar on the train serve?_(_soft drinks).why did it get hotter and hotter in the train?because_(the air condition broke down)what do you think the company will do after they receive david email?i think they will _(say sorry to him/ apologize to him/give him some money / offer him a free tri

29、p/ reply to the email.)考查推理判斷能力是對(duì)考生潛在能力的測(cè)試， 讀文章不完全是被動(dòng)的 “讀” ， 而要主動(dòng)的 “思” ，探究文章之外的知識(shí)。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推斷時(shí)要有理有據(jù)，有時(shí)文章沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成的結(jié)論，要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行合理的思想推斷。 有時(shí)試題的題目在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)對(duì)文章中的說(shuō)法變換了敘述角度或表達(dá)方式，是否符合題意不能直接看出，需要在正確把握文章的前提下分析判斷，從而推理出符合文章意思的正確選項(xiàng)03) dan had never seen alf. he had only two clues . one was an old photo that show alf and je

30、d.but it was taken on their tenth birthday, fifty years ago. the other clue was a post card fromalf. .when mrs .sydney finished her story, she smiled.“all right ,kate,”she said.“how did heknowalf?” kate smiled too, “thats easy,” she said. you told me how.the clue was thephoto.”you said it was taken when both boys were ten years old, so they were”what was kates answer to the mystery?kate said,”so they were_(twins/twin brothers)在閱