北京市第四中學(xué)八年級英語上冊 Unit 1 How often do you exercise學(xué)案（無答案） 人教新目標(biāo)版

1、unit 1 how often do you exercise?詞句精講精練詞匯精講1. always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever和never【高清課堂：unit 1 how often do you exercise?adverbs of frequency頻度副詞】always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever和never是英語中最常見的頻度副詞。(1) always 的頻度為100%，表示動作重復(fù)、狀態(tài)繼續(xù)，中間沒有間斷，意思是“總是”、“永遠(yuǎn)地”。例如：the sun always ri

2、ses in the east and sets in the west. 太陽總是東升西落。(2) usually 的頻度為70%左右，意為“通?！?、“平常”，即很少有例外。例如：he usually goes to bed at ten oclock. 他通常10點(diǎn)鐘睡覺。(3) often 的頻度為50%左右，意為“常常”，但不如usually那么頻繁，表示動作重復(fù)，中間有間斷。例如：he is often late for school. 他上學(xué)經(jīng)常遲到。 (4) sometimes 的頻度為20%左右，意為“有時”，表示動作偶爾發(fā)生。可以位于句首，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如：it is some

3、times hot and sometimes cold. 天氣忽冷忽熱。sometimes he does it this way and sometimes he does it that way. 他有時這樣做，有時那樣做。(5) hardly ever 的頻度為5%左右，意為“幾乎不”、“偶爾”。例如：i hardly ever go out these days. 這些天我?guī)缀醪怀鲩T。(6) never 的頻度為0，意為“從來不”、“永不”。 例如：my parents are never late for work. 我父母上班從來不遲到?！就卣?】這些副詞在句子中的位置基本相同，

4、一般放在助動詞、be動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后，行為動詞之前。即：“行”前“助(系)”后。例如：peter is always late for school. peter上學(xué)總是遲到。i usually do my homework in the evening. 我通常在晚上做作業(yè)?！就卣?】hardly和hardhardly和hard形式上很接近，但意義截然不同。1) hard作形容詞時，意為“困難的；硬的；勤奮的；嚴(yán)厲的；苛刻的”。hard作副詞時常用來表示程度，意為“努力地；猛烈地；劇烈地”。例如：this ground is too hard to dig. 這塊地太硬，挖不動。they

5、tried hard to succeed. 他們努力工作，以求得成功。2) hardly是表頻率的副詞，意為“幾乎不；幾乎沒有”，相當(dāng)于almost not。例如：there is hardly any coffee left.= theres almost no coffee left. 幾乎沒有剩余的咖啡了?！就卣?】sometimes, sometime, some time和some times單詞詞義用法sometimes有時用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時中sometime某時用于一般將來時或一般過去時中some time一段時間可用于多種時態(tài)some times幾次，幾倍表示次數(shù)或倍

6、數(shù)he was sometimes late for school. 他有時上學(xué)遲到。he came here sometime. 他某個時候來過這里。he will stay there for some time. 他將在那里待一段時間。she came home some times. 她回了幾次家。2. exercise (1)作不及物動詞，意為“鍛煉、運(yùn)動”。例如： how often do you exercise? 你多久鍛煉一次？ i exercise every day. 我每天都鍛煉。 (2) 作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“鍛煉、運(yùn)動”，常與動詞take連用。例如：exercise

7、makes me keep healthy. 運(yùn)動使我保持健康。(3)作可數(shù)名詞，意為“練習(xí)；操”。例如：we do morning exercises every day. 我們每天做早操。we do english exercises to help us learn english well. 我們做英語練習(xí)以便學(xué)好英語。3. most most表示“大部分，多半”的意思。例如：most children like playing computer games. 大部分孩子喜歡電腦游戲?！就卣埂縨ost與most of 的區(qū)別：(1) most后可直接跟名詞(可數(shù)或不可數(shù))，同時，也可接

8、有形容詞修飾的名詞。例如：most boys like playing football. 大部分男孩都喜歡踢足球。i always spend most time learning english. 我總是花大部分時間學(xué)習(xí)英語。(2) most后不能直接跟有定冠詞、指示代詞或物主代詞所修飾的名詞，遇到這些情況用most of 代替most。例如：i spent most of my time learning to play the piano last year. 去年我把大部分時間都花在學(xué)彈鋼琴上了。i did most of that difficult work. 那件困難的工作絕大

9、部分都是由我做的。(3) most of 后跟人稱代詞時，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式的人稱代詞賓格。例如：most of them are going off to guangzhou next week.他們中的多數(shù)人都準(zhǔn)備下星期去廣州。(4) most 前有定冠詞時，可用來修飾多音節(jié)形容詞，表示最高級，意為“最”。 例如：this is the most beautiful flower. 這是最漂亮的花。但是，如果most前有不定冠詞a，則表示“非常；很”，相當(dāng)于very。例如：she is a most beautiful girl. 她是個非常漂亮的姑娘。4. no no是形容詞，意為“無，沒有”

10、，一般用作定語，后接可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。例如： i have no friends. 我沒有朋友。 【拓展1】 no常用于省略句中，表示“不許，不可，不要”。例如： no smoking! 不要抽煙。 no photos! 禁止拍照！ 【拓展2】no和not (1) no可單獨(dú)使用，回答一般疑問句，而not則不能單獨(dú)使用。例如： can i come? 我能來嗎？ no, you cant. 不，你不能。(2) no作形容詞，其后可接單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，而not是副詞，常用來修飾謂語動詞或形容詞和副詞等，故no相當(dāng)于not a/an或not any5. healthhealth為名詞，意

11、為“健康”，其形容形式為healthy，意為“健康的”。在名詞詞尾加y構(gòu)成形容詞，類似的詞還有：rainrainy 雨下雨的 sunsunny 太陽晴朗的 lucklucky 幸運(yùn)幸運(yùn)的 windwindy 風(fēng)刮風(fēng)的6. shopshop可用作動詞，意為“購物”，也可用go shopping“去購物”或do some shopping?！就卣埂縢o swimming去游泳 go skating去滑冰 go fishing去釣魚 go boating去劃船do some reading閱讀 do some washing洗涮 do some cooking做飯 do some swimming游

12、泳 do some speaking多說 do some listening多聽7. once a week/ twice a weekonce“一次”，twice“兩次”，在英語中三次或三次以上通常用“基數(shù)詞+times”表示，time在這里為可數(shù)名詞，意為“次數(shù)”，復(fù)數(shù)加s。例如：i wash my face twice a day. 我每天洗兩次臉。he has been there four times. 他去過那里四次。8. how oftenhow often意為“多久一次”，常用于對時間頻率的提問。例如：how often do you watch tv? 你多久看一次電視？ho

13、w often do your parents visit your grandparents? 你的父母多久看一次你的祖父母？【拓展】詞語詞義用法答語特征how long多久詢問時間多久for/about+一段時間how often多久一次詢問動作的頻率often, twice a week等how soon多快，過多久詢問時間多快in+ 一段時間how far多遠(yuǎn)詢問距離多遠(yuǎn)ten minutes walkhow many多少詢問可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量數(shù)詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)how much多少詢問不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量數(shù)詞+表示量的詞+不可數(shù)名詞多少錢詢問價格數(shù)詞+錢9. look afterlook afte

14、r意為“照顧，照看”，相當(dāng)于take care of。例如：my father is ill, so i have to look after him at home. 我父親病了，所以我得在家照顧他。she is old enough to look after herself. 她長大了，能夠照顧自己了?！就卣埂縧ook at=have a look at看 look over檢查 look up（在字典等）查找look for尋找 look forward to期待，盼望 look around環(huán)顧詞匯精練一、選詞填空。how often, how long, how far, how

15、soon, how much1. _ do you usually watch tv? about twice a week.2. _ is the yellow river? about 5,464 kilometers.3. _ is your home from here? about twenty minutes walk.4. _ can we get there? in five minutes.5. _ are these books? ten dollars each.no, not6. there is _ water in the bottle.7. he is _ alw

16、ays so happy.8. there is _ any milk in the glass.health, healthy, healthily, unhealthy9. the old man is very _.10. vegetables are _ food.11. we should eat _.12. eating more fruit is good for your _.13. i am _ because i hardly ever exercise.二、英漢互譯。1. 去滑冰_ 2. 去游泳_3. do some cooking _ 4. look forward t

17、o _5. look over_三、用括號中單詞的正確形式填空。1. though he has studied _(hard) at english for a long time, he can still _(hard) speak the language. 2. _(sometime) i get a letter from him.3. youd better do morning _(exercise) every day. its good to have lots of _(exercise).4. _(most) the students like reading the

18、story.5. what are you doing? im _ (look) up the word in the dictionary.6. we should try _(learn) english well.7. the dish tastes terrible. you can try _(put) some salt into it.8. her eating habits help her keep _(health).9. his lifestyle is _(difference) from mine.10. our english teacher wants us _(

19、read) english books every day. 四、用good的相關(guān)短語填空。1. he is good _ drawing.2. she is good _ the old woman.3. milk is good _ children.4. its good _ you to help me.5. the young lady is good _ children, so all of them like her very much.【參考答案】一、選詞填空。1. how often 2. how long 3. how far 4. how soon 5. how muc

20、h6. no 7. not 8. not 9. healthy/unhealthy 10. healthy 11. healthily 12. health 13. unhealthy二、英漢互譯。1. go skating 2. go swimming 3. 做飯 4. 期待，盼望 5. 檢查三、用括號中單詞的正確形式填空。1. hard; hardly 2. sometimes 3. exercises, exercise 4. most of 5. looking 6. to learn 7. putting 8. healthy 9. different 10. to read四、用g

21、ood的相關(guān)短語填空。1. at 2. to 3. for 4. of 5. with /to 句式精講1. want to do sth.want to do sth.意為“想要某人做某事”。want的用法還有：want sth.想要什么want to do sth.想要做某事 例如：she wants a cup of tea. 她想要一杯茶。they want to go home. 他們想要回家。he wants me to help him. 他想要我?guī)退??！就卣埂縲ant后接動詞不定式時，相當(dāng)于would like。want (sb.) to do sth.=would like

22、(sb.) to do sth.2. be good forbe good for意為“對有好處，對有益處”，介詞for后接名詞或代詞。其反義詞為be bad for，意為“對有害處”。例如： junk food is not good for our health. 垃圾食品對我們的健康沒有好處。 smoking is bad for you. 吸煙對你有害?！就卣埂?1) be good to“對好”，其反義短語為be bad to“對不好”。介詞to之后一般接表示人的名詞或代詞。例如：she is very good to us. 她對我們很好。the boss is bad to hi

23、s workers.那個老板對他的工人不好。(2) be good at“在方面擅長”，介詞at后面常接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式，同義短語為do well in。例如：she is good at english and chinese. = she does well in english and chinese. 她擅長英語和漢語。(3) be good with“和相處得好；擅于和相處”。例如： are you good with children?你和孩子們相處得好嗎？3. try to do sth.try為動詞，意為“試圖；設(shè)法；努力”。指付出一定努力去做某事。用法如下： tr

24、y (not) to do sth.努力（不）做某事 try doing sth.嘗試做某事try out實(shí)驗(yàn) try on試穿（鞋、衣服等） try ones best to do sth.盡某人最大努力去干例如： i try to answer the question.我盡力回答這個問題。 he tried swimming across the river.他試著游過河去。 she is trying on a new dress. 她正在試穿一件新連衣裙。we should try our best to study english well. 我們應(yīng)盡我們最大努力學(xué)好英語?！就卣埂?/p>

25、try作名詞，意為“嘗試；試圖”。例如： let me have a try.讓我試一試。4. help sb. to do sth. help sb. to do sth.意為“幫助某人做某事”。此句型也可以說成：help sb. do sth.。例如： he helps me to learn english.= he helps me learn english. 他幫助我學(xué)習(xí)英語?！就卣埂?1) help sb. with sth.在某事上幫助某人 例如：my maths teacher helps me with my maths. 我的數(shù)學(xué)老師在數(shù)學(xué)上幫助我。2) help 也可以

26、作名詞，作名詞時常用于下列短語：with ones help= with the help of 在的幫助下 例如： with marys help, i made rapid progress in english learning. = with the help of mary, i made rapid progress in english learning. 在mary的幫助下，我在英語學(xué)習(xí)方面進(jìn)步很快。5. the same as/ be different fromthe same as意為“和一樣/相同” 例如：i am in the same school as my yo

27、unger sister. 我和我的妹妹在同一所學(xué)校。 be different from意為“與不同” 例如： saying a thing is very different from doing it. 說一件事和做一件事很不相同。6. keep in good health keep in good health意為“保持健康” 例如： if you want to keep in good health, you should eat more fruit and vegetables. 如果你想保持健康，你應(yīng)該多吃水果和蔬菜?！就卣埂?1) keep是動詞，意為“保持（持續(xù)的）狀態(tài)

28、”，其后常跟形容詞、副詞、介詞短語或動詞的-ing形式。 keep doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事 keep (sb. / sth.) + 形容詞 （使某人）保持某種狀態(tài) keep sb./sth. + 介詞短語 使處于某種狀態(tài) keep sb. / sth. from doing sth.阻止，保護(hù)不受 keep on doing sth.反復(fù)做某事you should keep quiet. 你們應(yīng)該保持安靜。he keeps at home because it is hot. 他一直待在家里，因?yàn)樘鞖馓珶崃恕?2) keep的相關(guān)短語： keep up with趕上 keep a s

29、hop 開商店 keep an eye on照看句式精練一、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1. i sometimes read storybooks at home. (對劃線部分提問) _ _ do you read storybooks at home?2. my sister watches tv twice a week. (對劃線部分提問)_ _ _ your sister watch tv?3. i exercise two hours a day. (對劃線部分提問)_ _ _ do you exercise a day?4. she eats junk food once a week. (對劃

30、線部分提問)_ _ _ does she eat junk food a week?5. i will be back in a month. (對劃線部分提問)_ _ will you be back?二、根據(jù)句意完成下列句子，每空一詞。1. 你必須盡量少吃垃圾食品。you must _ _ _ less junk food.2. 吃大量蔬菜有助于保持健康。eating a lot of vegetables _ you _ in good health.3. 他說多鍛煉對健康有好處。he says more exercise _ _ _ health.4. 我的新mp3和betty的一模一樣。 my new mp3 is _ _ _ bettys.5. 如果你想要保持健康，就應(yīng)該少吃肉。i