英語詞匯習題集1-3

1、英語詞匯學習題集( Chapter 1 Chapter 3 )Chapter 1 The Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary1. Decide whether the following are true or false.( ) a. A word can be defined in different ways from different points of view.( ) b. Under no circumstances can sound and meaning be logically related.( ) c. The introd

2、uction of printing press resulted in a lot more differences between sound and form.( ) d. The words a person can use in speaking and writing form his active vocabulary.( ) e. The principles by which to classify words are usage, notion and origin.( ) f. Native words are more popular than foreign word

3、s.( ) g. Native words enjoy the same features as the basic word stock and more.2. Give a term for each of the following definitions.a. sub-standard words often used on informal occasions ( )b. specialized vocabulary common in certain professions ( )c. words used by sup-cultural groups particularly b

4、y underground society ( )d. words that have clear notions ( )e. words of Anglo-Saxon origin( )f. words borrowed by way of translation ( )g. old words with new meanings( )Key:1. a.(T) b.(F) c.(T) d.(T) e.(F) f.(F) g.(T)2. a. slang b. jargon c. argot d. content words e. native words f. translation loa

5、ns g. neologismsChapter 3 Morphological Structure of English Words1. Explain the following terms:2) allomorph4) free morpheme6) inflectional affix8) root1) morpheme3) bound morpheme5) affix7) derivational affix9) stem2.Complete the following sentences with proper words according to the text.1) Struc

6、turally, a word is not theunit because many words are analyzableor segmentable.2) The morpheme is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of 3) Morphemes fall into different classesby different criteria of classification. Now people tent to group morphemes into groups:and .4) According to t

7、he functions of affixes, we can put them into groups:and.5) The number of inflectional affixes is and , which makesEnglish one of the easiest languages to learn.6) Derivational affixes can be further divided into and .7) A, whether free or bound, generally carries the main component ofmeaning in a w

8、ord.8) Acan be defined as a form to which affixes of any kind can be added.Key:1. 1) a minimum meaningful unit of a language2) one of the variants that realize a morpheme3) a morpheme that occurs with at least one other morpheme4) a morpheme that can stand alone5) a morpheme attached to a stem or a

9、root6) an affix that indicates grammatical relationships7) an affix that forms new words with a stem or a root8) what remains of a word after the removal of all affixes9) a form to which affixes of any kind can be added2. 1) smallest2) words3) free morphemes, bound morphemes4) inflectional (affixes)

10、,derivational (affixes)5) small, stable6) prefixes, suffixes7) root8) stemChapter 4 Word Formation1. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Put F and T in the brackets.( ) a. The most productive ways of word-formation are affixation, compounding and conversion.( ) b. Shortening i

11、ncludes clipping and blending.( ) c. Prefixation and suffixation are two subbranches of affixation.( ) d. Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems.( ) e. Compounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems.( ) f. The limited number of verb compounds ar

12、e created either through conversion or back-formation.( ) g. Verb compounds in the way of back-formation are formed mainly by dropping prefixes.( ) h. Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. These words are new only in agrammatical sense.( ) i. Ble

13、nding is the formation of new words by combining part of two words or a word plus a part of another word.( ) j. Clipping, a way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and adding a new part to the original .( ) k. Words formed through acronymy are called initi

14、alisms or acronyms, depending on the spelling of the words.( ) l. Back-formation is the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.2. Study the following words and decide how each word was formed. Put youranswer in the bracket.Example: disobey (affixation or prefixation)disloyal()har

15、den ()mass-produce ()motel ()downfall()dorm ()incapable()VOA ()glorify()radar ()edit()sandwich( )familiars()gas( )water-proof ()quixotic( )Affixation1. What is affixation?2. What is the difference between prefixation and suffixation?3. What is the fundamental difference between prefixes and suffixes

16、?4. Match the prefixes in column A with the words in column B.ABdis-capable11- willingnessim- legalin-agreementnon-officiallyun-convenientsmoker5. Match the suffixes in Column A with the words in column B.A B-erbook-letfriend-shipwait-tionchina-eselady-likeprotect-ablenatural-lywash-endark-fybeautyC

17、ompounding1. Express the following in one compound word:a. someone who writes songsb. someone who cleans windowsc. the race for armsd. the train in the morninge. a mine for goldf. bathe in the sung. as cheap as dirt2.h. tanned by the sunThe compounds in each of the following pairs are similar in str

18、ucture. Please indicate the different relations of the elements of the two compounds in each pair by syntactic paraphrases.Example: duty-free: free from dutiesraindrop air-tighta well-meant remark war-ruined houses a computer-designer steam engine silk worm handwritingan ocean-going ship language te

19、acherflowerbedsea-greena well-behaved person country-bred boys a sun-batherf ire engine gaslight faultfinding peace-loving people baby-sitterinto Chinese:f. pitch dark / blackg. carefreeh. soundproofi. fireproofj. lifelong3. Translate the followinga. knee-deepb. life-likec. snow-whited. nation-widee

20、. shoulder-high4. According to the definitions given below, write the other part of the noun compounds, the first part already given.a. a stretch of land, round a town, where building is not al-lowed, so that the fields, woods, etc., remain: greenb. a booklet giving all the most important informatio

21、n about a subject: handc. an idea that comes later: afterd. a pill which helps a person to sleep: sleepinge. a headline repeated on consecutive pages (as of a book): runningf. a cloth that is used for washing one s face and body: washg. strong sunlight as when there are no clouds: sunh. the action o

22、f forcing a way through the enemy: breaki. a public show of anger: out j. a division into smaller parts: break5. Turn the phrasal verbs below into compounds:break through fall down break outtake in slide down cry out run away hang overConversion1. Choose the best answer to complete each statement.(

23、) a. Conversion is a method.A. of turning words of one part of speech to those of a dif-ferent part of speechB. of converting words of one meaning into different meaningC. of deriving words through grammatical meansD. of changing words in morphological structure( ) b. Words involved in conversion ar

24、e mainly.A nouns, verbs and adverbsB nouns, adjectives and verbsC nouns, prepositions and verbsD adjectives, adverbs and verbs( ) c. In a derivational process, an item is converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. The name is.A full conversionB partial conversionC functional shi

25、ftD zero-derivation( ) d. Almost all monomorphemic can be conversed into nouns, which aresemantically related to the original verbs in various ways.A verbsB adjectivesC adverbs D prepositions( ) e. Nouns converted from adjectives nave all the characteristics of nouns and achieve a full noun status,

26、thus known as .A partial conversion B full conversionC functional shift D grammatical shift( ) f. Nouns partially converted from adjectives do not possessall the qualities a noun does. They must be used together with .A plural forms B single formsC adjectives D definite articles( ) g. The conversion

27、 of two-syllable nouns into verbs involves a change of .A spelling B pronunciationC stress D function( ) h. In most cases a noun can be converted to a verb A with some changesB without any changeC with some changes in spellingD without any change in pronunciation2. Give your explanation for each of

28、the following converted words in the sentences below:a. So she believed me and doctored my battered face, pleased that she could be useful.b. The train was telescoped as a result of the collision.c. We cannot mandate a solution to inflation.d. A team of experts at Columbia is now cataloguing the tap

29、es and indexing the transcripts, which will be available for scholarly research.e. There will be a repeat of this program next week.f. Heart transplants began ten years ago. Why have British doctors done only four since then?g. In the choice of diction he has a taste for the quaint and the picturesq

30、ue.h. The correspondent tried to get an interview with the condemned.k. The television drearies the ball game.l. The president was sketchiest in broad-brushing his goals in foreign policy. Blending1.2.3.Explain the characteristics of blending with examples.Explain the four types of blends with examp

31、les.Analyses the Chinese.botel chunnel advertistics workfare Nixonomicsformation of the following blends and translate them intoskylabhumintmedicaidpsywar comsatClipping1. Explain the characteristics of clipping with examples.2. Give examples to explain the different types of clipping.3. Read the fo

32、llowing sentences and restore the full forms of the italicized words.a. Didyou see the doctor dsilemma on tellylastnight? ( )b. Palestiniandemos markmassacres.( )c. The America was the first to nuke two Japanesecities. ( )d. Viettroopssuffer setback in Kampuchea. ()e. Thepoliceasks for infoon stolen

33、 computers.()f. Rural credit co-ops to get more autonomy. ( )g. Today, china acts to meet high-tech challenge. ( )h. Setback for governing parties in euro vote. ( )Acronymy1. What do the short forms stand for?EEC, OPEC, SLAM, ELSS, EDVAC, GEM, NSC, ERDA, ID2. Explain the following words:SALT laser A

34、IDS V-Day D-Day G-manBack-formation1. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.( ) a. Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of.A prefixation B. suffixation C. acrony

35、my D. conversion( ) b. Back-formation usually involves types of words.A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 2( ) c. Stylistically, back-formed words are largely and some of them have notgained public acceptance.A. formal B. adjectives C. human nouns D. informal( ) d. Back-formation is the method of creating new words by t

36、he so-calledsuffixes.A. removing B. combining C. shortening D. considering2. Give the original words from which the following words are back-formed.globe-trot brainwash ghost-write sleep-walk spoon-feed air-condition book-keep browbeat caretake gatecrash housebreak housekeep mass-p0roduce lase proof

37、-read sightsee stage-manage merry-make street-walk window-shop Words from Proper NamesDecide whether the following statements are true or false.( ) a. Proper nouns form an important source of English vocabulary.( ) b. Words derived from names include names of people, names of country, names of produ

38、cts and names of books.( ) c. All the words denoting products come from the names of places where they were first made.( ) d. Quite a few words come from names of books and thus take on the meaning of the books.( ) e. When proper nouns are communized, many of them have lost their original identity.(

39、 ) f. Proper nouns have rich cultural associations and thus stylistically vivid, impressive and thought-provoking.( ) g. Proper nouns can not take suffixes.Key:1. a. T b. T c. T d. F e. T f. Tg.F h. T i. T j. F k. F l. T2. Disloyal ( prefixation, affixation) Harden (suffixation, affixation) Mass-pro

40、duce (back-formation)Motel Downfall dorm incapable VOA Glorify Radar Edit Sandwich Gas Water-proof Quixotic(blending)(compounding, conversion)(clipping)(prefixation)(acronymy)(suffixation)(acronymy)(back-formation)(word from proper names)(clipping)(compounding)(word from proper names)Affixation1. Af

41、fixation, also called derivation, is the formation of new words by adding affixes to stems.2. While prefixation is to create new words by adding prefixes to stems, suffi9xation makes new words by adding suffixes to stems.3. Generally speaking, prefixes do not change part of speech of the stems but t

42、heir meaning whereas suffixes do change part of speech but modify the meaning of stems.4. dis + agreement il + legalim + mature in + convenient/ in+ capable non + smoker un + officiallyun + willingness5. waiter, booklet, friendship, protection, Chinese, ladylike, washable, naturally, darken, beautif

43、yCompoundingb. window-cleanerd. morning trainf. sunbatheh. suntanned1. a. song writerc. arms racee. gold mineg. dirt-cheap2. a drop of rainThe bed for flowersimpermeable to airas green as seaa remark that is well meant houses ruined by war boys bred in the country one who designs computer one who ba

44、thes in the sunengine powered or operated by steam engine to prevent fireworm that produces silk light produced by gas writing by handfind faulta ship that goes across oceans people who love peace one who teaches languages one who sits with babies3. a. 深可沒膝的d. 全國性的g. 無憂無慮的4. a. green beltd. sleeping

45、 pillg. sunshineb. 栩栩如生的e. 齊肩高的h. 隔音的b. handbooke. running headh. breakthroughc. 雪白的f. 漆黑的i. 防火的 j. 終身的c. afterthoughtf. washclothi. outcry j. breakupConversion1. a. A b. B c. D d. A e. B f. D g. C h. B2. a. doctored = applied medicine tob. was telescoped = became shorter by sliding into one another

46、c. mandate = work out a solution by issuing an authoritative or-derd. cataloguing = making a catalogue ofindexing = making an index ofe. a repeat = a rebroadcastf. transplants = instances of transplantingg. the quaint = something quaintthe picturesque = something picturesqueh. the condemned = the pe

47、rson who has been convictedi. moderns = modern paintersj. heavies = big shotsk. drearies = makes deary (dull)l. broad-brushing = describing in broad outlinee.g. flush (flash = blush) smog (smoke = fog)m. Four major patterns:head +tail -motel (motor = hotel)head +head -telex ( teleprinter = exchange)head + word - medicare (medical +care)word = tail - bookmobile (book + automobile)n. botel (boat +hotel) 汽艇游客旅館chunnel (channel + tunnel) 海峽隧道advertistics ( advertising + statistics廣告統(tǒng)計學workfare (word + welfare) 工作福利Nixonomics (