gre Issue 素材講稿

1、IV. Materials1. Reference BooksJohn J. Macionis. Sociology. Pearson EducationIV. Materials1. Reference BooksDavid G. Myers. Social Psychology. McGraw-HillSyllabus, p.84, T93It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves. - identification: culture/socialization

2、- social groups- define/definitionIdentification: Culture Culture v.s Nature Visible Culture. Invisible Culture Visible Culture: symbols, language, arts and technology Invisible Culture: value and belief, normsAmishSyllabus, p.84, T93It is primarily through our identification with social groups that

3、 we define ourselves.-social groupsSocial Groups: Agents of Socialization Family Religion Peer Group Education Economic systems Legal systems and Penal systems Psychiatric hospitals Mass media Syllabus, p.84, T93It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.-

4、definitionDefinition: The Key Value of U.S. Culture Equal opportunity Achievement and success Material comfort Activity and work Practicality and efficiency Science Democracy and free enterprise Freedom Racism and group superioritySyllabus, p.84, T230The most effective way to understand contemporary

5、 culture is to analyze the trends of its youth.-contemporary culture-trend of its youth?Contemporary Culture Gemeinschaft (community) v.s. Gesellschaft The city is a setting with a large, dense, and socially diverse population. These traits result in an impersonal, superficial, and transitory way of

6、 life. Living among millions others, urbanites come into contact with others not in terms of who they are but what they do. Self interest rather than friendship is usually the main reason for interaction.Syllabus, p.84, T230The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the

7、trends of its youth.-trend of its youth?No Pants Subway RideCharlie Todd and his Improv EverywherePranksters Best Buy MissionPranksters Best Buy MissionPranksters Best Buy MissionSyllabus, p.90, T52One can best understand the most important characteristics of a society by studying its major cities.-

8、 characteristic of a society- citySyllabus, p.90, T52One can best understand the most important characteristics of a society by studying its major cities.- characteristic of a society?Sociology p.678Syllabus, p.90, T52One can best understand the most important characteristics of a society by studyin

9、g its major cities.- cityGhettoGraffiti or Vandalism?Art Crimes?Rem KoolhaasSyllabus, p.90, T198In order for any work of artwhether film, literature, sculpture, or a songhave merit, it must be understandable to most people.- art- merit- most people Mosaic Artsyllabus p.88, T36Government should focus

10、 on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future.- immediate problems- anticipate problems- governmentLandfillLandfill pollute ground water EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) has identified 30,000 dump sites across the United States

11、 containing hazard materials Tires and diapers do not decompose but remain as an unwelcome legacy for future generation. factories and trash sites always with the poor and people of colorsyllabus p.92, T101At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as a result of natur

12、al, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species.Biodiversity varied source of human food genetic resource for pharmaceutical production the beauty and complexity of l

13、ife the extinction is irreversible and finalBald Eaglesyllabus p.91, T122The well-being of society is enhanced when many of its people question authority.Authority Legitimate, not Coercive Traditional authority Rational-legal authority Charismatic authoritysyllabus p.85, T108It is often asserted tha

14、t the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. In reality, however, formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirit rather than set them free.The Positive Functions of Schooling Socialization Cultural innovation Social integration Social placement Social capital from alumni C

15、hild care for one-parent and two-career families Lower jobless rate MarriageBureaucracy in Education Huge educational factories Rigid uniformity Numerical rating Rigid expectation Specialization Shuffling RankingThe Negative Functions of Schoolingsyllabus p.85, T14College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.E