Past perfect tense (牛津9A unit5grammar)過去完成時(shí)態(tài)精品

1、.1Unit 5 GrammarUnit 5 GrammarPast perfect tensePast perfect tense.21.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)表示在過去時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存表示在過去時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。在的狀態(tài)。強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時(shí)間。強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時(shí)間。2.I have learned 1000 English words so far.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在 過去，但側(cè)重對(duì)過去，但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)?，F(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果

2、或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：其結(jié)構(gòu)為：“助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞 have（has）+過去分詞過去分詞”.3She had put most of her effort into ballet training before she entered the film industry.She had been a model before she became a Hollywood superstar. a.She put most of her effort into ballet training.What happened first? b.She entered the film ind

3、ustry a.She was a model. What happened first? b.she became a Hollywood superstar.4the Past Perfect tense Structure(結(jié)構(gòu)): had+pp(動(dòng)詞的過去分詞)pp規(guī)則的規(guī)則的:不規(guī)則的不規(guī)則的:cleanbelievestudystopcleanedbelievedstudiedstoppedcutbuydocomecutboughtdonecome.5過去完成時(shí)的概念過去完成時(shí)的概念:She had put most of her effort into ballet traini

4、ng before she entered the film industry.She had been a model before she became a Hollywood superstar.過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，即即“過去的過去（過去的過去（ the past past ）”。 nowfuturepastthe past past (before the past).61.We started to learn English 5 years ago.一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)表示在表示

5、在過去過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。2. We have learned English for 5 years.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：“助動(dòng)詞 have（has）+過去分詞”5 years ago now 5 years ago have learned nowRevision.7Complete the table using the past perfect tense.had actedhad beenhad begunhad broughthad helpedhad opene

6、dhad seenhad sung.8 過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)即“過去的過去（ past-in-the-past ）”。 past in the pastpast now過去完成時(shí)的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)過去完成時(shí)的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn): :had + done.9 Millie ran back to school because she had left her magazine in the classroom.What happened first? a. Millie ran back to school. b. Millie left

7、her magazine in the classroom.Practice.10We had learned English for 4 years by last year. 5 years ago last year nowhad learned.11 Simon left school late because the football game had started late.What happened first? a. Simon left school late. b. The football game started late.12 What happened first

8、? Daniel arrived out of breath he had gone to the wrong cinema.a. Daniel arrived out of breath. b. Daniel went to the wrong cinema.13 What happened first? Amy had lost her purse and had to go to the police station.a. Amy lost her purse. b. Amy went to the police station.14Connect two sentences with

9、“before”、“when” 、“after”1. I finished my homework at 8:00 this morning. I went to the museum at 8:30 this morning.2.Millie went home at 6:00P.m this afternoon. Millies mother cooked at 5:00P.m this afternoon.3.Daniel taught in a middle school between 1990 to 1997. Daniel joined the army in 1998. I h

10、ad finished my homework before I went to the museum this morning.I had finished my homework when I went to the museum this morning.I went to the museum after I had finished my homework this morning.Millies mother had cooked before she went home this afternoon.Millies mother had cooked when she went

11、home this afternoon.Millie went home after her mother had cooked this afternoon.Daniel had taught in a middle school for 7 years before he joined the army.Daniel had taught in a middle school for 7 years when he joined the army.Daniel joined the army after he had taught in a middle school for 7 year

12、s.15Work out the rule:If we want to talk about two past actions in a sentence, the past perfect tense is used for the (earlier, later) action.earlier.16They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.1.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.2.I have learned 1000 English words so far.I had lea

13、rned 1000 English words till then.17Fill in the blanks I _ (clean) the clothes before you came back.2. She_ (leave) already when you arrived. _they _ (know) this before you told them?4. We _ (not tell) you before you knew it.5. She came after we_ (wait) for her for half an hour. had cleanedhad leftH

14、ad knownhadnt told had waited.18Rewrite the sentences He had stood up before he cleaned the window. _ he had stood up, he cleaned the window. His father went to Beijing. He arrived home. (用before合并句子)1. His father_ _ _ Beijing before he _ home.Afterhad gone toarrived.191.The train _(leave) before I

15、got to the railway station.2.We had breakfast after we _(do) morning exercise.3.Miss Yang _(be) a typist before she moved to Shenzhen.4.When we reached the cinema, the film _(begin).5. We _(learn) two units by last month.6.They _(be)to the USA ten times by the end of September.7.She _(finish) her ho

16、mework before nine oclock last night.had lefthad donehad beenhad begunhad finishedhad learnedhad been與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： （ 1 ） by + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。（ 2 ） by the end of + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。（ 3 ） before + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：by 1990,by yesterday evening,by then如：by the end of last term如：before 9:00a.

17、m.20構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：1.肯定句肯定句:主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞 had + 過去分詞（過去分詞（ v-ed）+其他。其他。其中其中 had 通用于各種人稱。通用于各種人稱。 1.They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. 2.2.否定句：否定句：主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+hadnt+hadnt（had nothad not）+v-ed +v-ed +其他其他3.3.一般疑問句：一般疑問句：Had +Had +主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+v-ed+v-ed+其他？其他？2.By nine oclock yesterday evening he h

18、adnt got home.4.4.特殊疑問句特殊疑問句: :特殊疑問詞特殊疑問詞+had+had+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ v-ed + v-ed ？3.-Had you known anything about our school before you came here?-Yes, I had. / No, I hadnt.4.What had your sister been before she became an actress?二、過去完成時(shí)的判斷依據(jù)二、過去完成時(shí)的判斷依據(jù) 1.由由“過去的過去過去的過去”來(lái)判定。來(lái)判定。 過去完成時(shí)表示過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去過去的過去”，是指過去某一

19、動(dòng)作之前，是指過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：用過去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在： 在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中，在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中，主、從句主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前前的，要用的，要用過去完成過去完成時(shí)時(shí)，動(dòng)作在，動(dòng)作在后后的要用的要用一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)。如：如： When I got to the station, the train had already left. A

20、fter he had finished his homework, he went to bed. （ 1 ）狀語(yǔ)從句中）狀語(yǔ)從句中（ 2 ）賓語(yǔ)從句中）賓語(yǔ)從句中當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句為一般過去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句為一般過去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)。在。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：如： She said that she had seen the film before. They explained what had happened.2

21、. 由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判定由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判定 一般說來(lái)，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。與過去一般說來(lái)，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： （ 1 ） by + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） bef

22、ore + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 3. 根據(jù)上、下文來(lái)判定。根據(jù)上、下文來(lái)判定。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing.He felt rather tired because he had worked for the whole night.25Pay attention:I should ,I would 和和I ha

23、d 的省的省略形式皆為略形式皆為 I d , 在具體運(yùn)用時(shí)，在具體運(yùn)用時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)具體結(jié)構(gòu)判定究竟哪種情應(yīng)根據(jù)具體結(jié)構(gòu)判定究竟哪種情況的省略。況的省略。注意注意過去完成時(shí)典型錯(cuò)誤例析：過去完成時(shí)典型錯(cuò)誤例析： 1.昨晚我們看了電影。昨晚我們看了電影。 a. We had seen the film yesterday evening. b. We saw the film yesterday evening.過去完成時(shí)所表示的時(shí)間是過去完成時(shí)所表示的時(shí)間是“過去的過去過去的過去”，只有在，只有在和過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才用到它。如果時(shí)間只和過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才用到它。如果時(shí)間只是一個(gè)單純

24、的過去時(shí)間，則句子只能用一般過去時(shí)，是一個(gè)單純的過去時(shí)間，則句子只能用一般過去時(shí)，而不用過去完成時(shí)。而不用過去完成時(shí)。2當(dāng)我到達(dá)那兒時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)放了五分鐘了。當(dāng)我到達(dá)那兒時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)放了五分鐘了。 a. The film has been on for five minutes when I got there. b. The film had been on for five minutes when I got there.在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生或完成了的在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，要用過去完成時(shí)。它的動(dòng)作的起點(diǎn)為動(dòng)作，要用過去完成時(shí)。它的動(dòng)作的起點(diǎn)為過去，終點(diǎn)也為過

25、去，即過去，終點(diǎn)也為過去，即“過去的過去過去的過去”。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作起點(diǎn)為過去，終點(diǎn)則為而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作起點(diǎn)為過去，終點(diǎn)則為現(xiàn)在?，F(xiàn)在。3.到上學(xué)期末，他們已學(xué)會(huì)了五首英語(yǔ)歌曲。到上學(xué)期末，他們已學(xué)會(huì)了五首英語(yǔ)歌曲。 a. By the end of last term, they have learned five English songs. b. By the end of last term, they had learned five English songs.by the end of last term 意為意為“到上學(xué)期末為到上學(xué)期末為止止”，顯然它是，顯然它是“以過去

26、某一時(shí)間為終點(diǎn)的以過去某一時(shí)間為終點(diǎn)的”，故只能用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。故只能用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。4.他昨天見到了他昨天見到了ill，他們已有兩年沒見面了。，他們已有兩年沒見面了。 a. He saw Bill yesterday. They havent met each other for two years. b. He saw Bill yesterday. They hadnt met each other for two years.“他們沒見面他們沒見面”是到是到“昨天昨天”為止的（而不是為止的（而不是到現(xiàn)在為止），是過去的過去，故后一個(gè)句子到現(xiàn)在為止），

27、是過去的過去，故后一個(gè)句子需使用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行表達(dá)。需使用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行表達(dá)。李梅很高興，因?yàn)樗谥锌荚嚰案窳?。李梅很高興，因?yàn)樗谥锌荚嚰案窳?。a. Li Mei was very glad, because she passed the mid-term exam. b. Li Mei was very glad, because she had passed the mid-term exam.當(dāng)我們表示某動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)發(fā)生于過去某動(dòng)當(dāng)我們表示某動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)發(fā)生于過去某動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，那么這個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)要用過去完成時(shí)作之前時(shí)，那么這個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)要用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。句中態(tài)。句中pass

28、 the mid-term exam 的動(dòng)作是發(fā)的動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在過去動(dòng)作生在過去動(dòng)作was very glad 之前的，故之前的，故pass 需用需用had passed表示。表示。6.他走進(jìn)屋他走進(jìn)屋,打開燈打開燈,然后開始寫起來(lái)。然后開始寫起來(lái)。 a. He had come into the room, turned on the light and began to write. b. He came into the room, turned on the light and began to write.當(dāng)按順序陳述過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，我們常當(dāng)按順序陳述過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，我們常

29、常使用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。注意：以上幾個(gè)動(dòng)作為常使用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。注意：以上幾個(gè)動(dòng)作為短暫性動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作之間幾乎沒有時(shí)間間斷。短暫性動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作之間幾乎沒有時(shí)間間斷。.32同樣，在同樣，在before, after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，由于句中，由于before 和和after本身已表達(dá)了本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主，從句表示的動(dòng)作動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主，從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，則主，從句都用一般過去時(shí)。緊密相連，則主，從句都用一般過去時(shí)。如：如：Where did you study before you came here?After he closed the door, he

30、 left the classroom.33句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1.The party had begun when he arrived.(改為一般疑問句） _2.I had finished the competition by 8:00yesterday.(對(duì)劃線部分提問） _the competition?3. They had worked for 10 years by the end of last year.(改為否定句）。4.Had you reached the top of the hill before midnight?(否定回答）Had the party begun whe

31、n he arrived?When had you finishedThey hadnt worked for 10 years by the end of last year.No,we hadnt.34用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1. How many English words _ you _ (learn) by the end of last term?2. I _ (read) the book twice till yesterday.3. He _(learn) English before he came here.4. When I got to the station, t

32、he train _ (leave).5. By the time he was fourteen he _ (set) up a small chemistry lab for his son.6. After I _(finish) doing my homework, I went to sleep.7. They _(not read) three books by then.8. Why didnt you see the film yesterday? Because I _ (see) it.10. I received a letter from my friend. We _

33、(not hear) from each other since 1987.11._ he _ (know) anything before you told him it? 12. We _ ( learn ) 2000 English words since we came to this school. We_(learn)2000 words by last week since we came to this school. We _ ( learn ) 500 words last term.13.He _( end ) his project by next week. He_(

34、end) his project by last week.14. A: _he still _( do ) his homework when you _ ( get ) home yesterday? B: No, he _ already _ ( do ) it when I got home.had learnedhad readhad learnedhad lefthad sethad finishedhadnt readhad seenhadnt heardHad knownhave learnedhad learnedlearnedwill endhad endedWas doi

35、nggothad done.35Fill in the blanks I _ (clean) the clothes before you came back.2. She_ (leave) already when you arrived. _they _ (know) this before you told them?4. We _ (not tell) you before you know it.5. She came after we_ (wait) for her for half an hour. had cleanedhad leftHad knownhadnt told h

36、ad waited.36Fill in the blanks1. I said I (have) lunch already.2. She told us she _(not be) to Beijing yet.3. I wondered if they _(live) in Nanjing for three years.4. Did you say I _(pass)the exam already?5. He asked how many books I (read) already?had hadhadnt beenhad livedhad passedhad read.37Fill

37、 in the blanks1. We (learn) 3000 words by last term.2. you (live) here for 20 years by 2004?3. They (work) for 10 years by the end of last year.4. I (teach) you for two years by the end of last term.had learned hHad livedhad workedhad taught.38Translation1.截止到2003年，我們已經(jīng)看過40電影了2.截止到九月底，他們已經(jīng)去過美國(guó)十二次了 We had already seen 40 films by 2003. The