初中英語語法歸納：被動語態(tài)(共7頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上初中英語語法歸納復(fù)習(xí)：被動語態(tài)重難點：掌握八種常見時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，并能根據(jù)不同情景，靈活運用被動語態(tài)?！局R總結(jié)歸納】一. 概念：表示動作與主語之間是被動關(guān)系的句子是被動語態(tài)。二. 主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)之間如何轉(zhuǎn)換 We Visited that factory last summer 主動語態(tài)主語 謂語 賓語 狀語That factory was visited by us last summer 被動語態(tài) 主語 謂語 賓語 狀語三. 各種不同時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的對比時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時am / is / are + P.P.（1）Do they sp

2、eak French ?（2）They dont use the room .Is French spoken by them ?The room isnt used by them .一般過去時was / were + p.p.（1）The hunter killed a tiger .（2）He wrote many stories last year .A tiger was killed by the hunter .Many stories was written by him last year .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am / is / are +being +p.p.（1）These wo

3、rkers are building a new bridge . （2）He is mending his car .A new bridge is being built by these workers . His car is being mended by him .過去進(jìn)行時was / were + being + p.p.（1）He was selling books .（2）They were discussing the plan at that time .Books were being built by him . The plan was being discusse

4、d by them at that time .現(xiàn)在完成時have / has + been + p. p.（1）She has learned many English words .（2）He has finished the work .Many English words have been learned by her . The work has been finished by him . 過去完成時had + been + p.p.（1）They has solved the problem .（2）We had told him the news by then . The

5、problem had been solved by them . The news had been told to him by us .一般將來時shall / will be + p.p.（1）I shall make a plan . （2）They are going to fix the radio in an hour .A plan will be made by me . The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour . 過去將來時would be + p.p.was/ were going to be + p.p.（1

6、）He told me they would paint the room . （2）They were going to put on a play the next week . He told me the room would be painted by them . A play was going to be put by them the next week .情態(tài)動詞can / may / must / should + be + p.p.（1）We should hand in our homework .（2）You must answer the question in

7、English .Our homework should be handed in by us .The question must be answered in English by you .四. 如何正確使用被動語態(tài)1. 有些動詞帶有兩個賓語，即直接賓語和間接賓語，變被動語態(tài)時，可把其中一個賓語變成主語，另一個留在被動結(jié)構(gòu)謂語后面。需要注意的是：若把直接賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語，需要在間接賓語之間加上介詞“to”。eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主動語態(tài)） （被動語態(tài)）常帶雙賓語的詞有：tell , show , lend , pa

8、ss等。2. 在主動語態(tài)中，某些動詞之后帶有復(fù)合賓語，即賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語，這個復(fù)合賓語由動詞不定式來充當(dāng)，to被省略，但在被動語態(tài)中，這個to還要還原。eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主動語態(tài)） She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被動語態(tài)） 有這種用法的常用動詞有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice等。3. 有些“be +過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)并不是被動語態(tài)，它們有可能是“系表結(jié)構(gòu)（即系動詞之后由過去分詞來充當(dāng)表語）。”

9、比較：（1）  （2）4. 只有及物動詞和可有賓語的動詞+介詞詞組才可以有被動語態(tài)。eg. 【總結(jié)】一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式1. 被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式, 被動語態(tài)由be過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為： 1) am/is/are +done (過去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2） has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時例All the preparations for the task have be

10、en completed, and we're ready to start.3） am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時例A new cinema is being built here4） was/were done 一般過去時例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5） had been done 過去完成時例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6）

11、 was/were being done 過去進(jìn)行時例A meeting was being held when I was there.7） shall/will be done 一般將來時例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8） should/would be done 過去將來時例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.9） shall/will have been done 將來完成時（少用）例The proje

12、ct will have been completed before July.2. 被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mother

13、for his birthday.3) 當(dāng)“動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動。例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加to。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the bui

14、lding. 可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5) 有些相當(dāng)于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞介詞”，“動詞副詞”等，也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動語態(tài)(一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)) 。例I don't like being laughed at in the public.二、 如何使用被動語態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)被動語態(tài)時，不僅要知道被動

15、語態(tài)的各種語法結(jié)構(gòu)，還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動語態(tài)。1. 講話者不知道動作的執(zhí)行者或不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者 (這時可省 by 短語)。例 My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被動的動作突出動作的執(zhí)行者。例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3. 為了更好地安排句子。例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一個主語就夠了）三、 It is s

16、aid that+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe過去分詞that從句”或“主語be過去分詞to do sth.”。有：It is said that 據(jù)說,It is reported that據(jù)報道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that眾所周知，It is thought that大家認(rèn)為，It is suggested that據(jù)建議。例It

17、is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）四、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義1.英語中有很多動詞如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式 表達(dá)被動意義,主語通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主動語態(tài)表被動強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響

18、。試比較：The door won't lock （指門本身有毛病）The door won't be locked （指不會有人來鎖門, 指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）2. 表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動形式表示被動意義。例 How do the newspapers come out? 這些報紙是如何引出來的呢？3. 系動詞沒有被動形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動

19、詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義。 例Your reason sounds reasonable五、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義 。1 在need，want，require, bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）這房子需要修理。2 形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。

20、例The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）3. 動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do與things是動賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。)試比較：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此處用不定式的被動

21、語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。)4. 在某些“形容詞不定式”做表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達(dá)被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.5 在too to結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應(yīng)用主動形式表示被動意義。例This book is too expen

22、sive (for me) to buy.6. 在there be句型中，當(dāng)動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時，不定式用主動式作定語，重點在人，用被動形式作定語，重點在物。例There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，誰 lost time不明確。）7. 在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動表主動, 被動表被動。然而,由于古英語的影響,下列動詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。例 Who is to blame for starting the fire

23、?六、介詞in, on, under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動意義表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用，含被動之義，其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動詞的被動形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。1. “under +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某事在進(jìn)行中”。常見的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治療中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在討論中）, under construction（在施工中）。例The building is under construction( is being constructed).2“beyond+

24、名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“出乎勝過、范圍、限度”。常見的有：beyond belief (令人難以置信)， beyond ones reach（鞭長莫及），beyond ones control（無法控制），beyond our hope 我們的成功始料不及。例The rumour is beyond belief（=cant be believed）3.“above+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“(品質(zhì)、行為、能力等) 超過、高于”。例His honest character is above all praise=His honest character cannot be praised enough4“fo

25、r+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示 “適于、 為著”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。例That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).5“in+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) ，表示“在過程中或范圍內(nèi)”常見的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在視野范圍內(nèi))，等。例The book is not yet in print(=is not yet printed)6“on+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“在從事 中”。常見的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial（受審）。例Today some treasu

26、res are on show in the museum (= are being showed).7“out of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) ； 表示 “超出 之外“，常見的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight （超出視線之外），out of ones reach(夠不著), out of fashion(不流行)等。例 The plane was out of control (cant be controlled) 。8“within+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“在內(nèi)、不超過”。例He took two days off within the teacher's per

27、mission【題型展示】1. A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week . A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give2. To make our city more beautiful , rubbish into the river . A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throw D. may not throw3. You may go fishing if your work .

28、A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done4. The trees must three times a week . A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters5. I wont come to the party unless Sue , too .  You mean if Sue comes youll come ? A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited6. I like my new bike . It very well . A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden7. Mr. Chen has a lond voice . His voice can clearly even in that big classroom . A. hear B. be heard C. be hearing D. have heard8. Its time to do your homewo