高中英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)輯(全套)

1、高中英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)輯（全套）一、名詞名詞的數(shù)1、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞A、不可數(shù)名詞，常見(jiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞有：water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; orange(桔汁) ; fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper(紙) ; time(時(shí)間); music ; weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish(魚(yú)肉); coke ; porridge ; cake(可數(shù)或不可數(shù)). 不可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1)前無(wú)數(shù)、冠，后無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)；作主語(yǔ)為三單.2)表量用約數(shù)some /any ; much

2、 ; a lot of 或用of短語(yǔ)2、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)A、不規(guī)則變化：manmen ; womanwomen ;childchildrenpolicemanpolicemen EnglishmanEnglishmen FrenchmanFrenchmenfootfeet ; toothteeth mouse(鼠)mice B、規(guī)則變化單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)yourselfyourselvesmyselfourselveshimselfthemselvesherselfitself1）s; sh; ch; x 結(jié)尾加 es 讀 iz 2) ce; se; ze; (d)ge 結(jié)尾加 seg. boxes b

3、ksiz blouses blauziz 3)f (fe) 結(jié)尾則變f(fe)為v加es-讀vz eg. knives naivz 4) “輔+y”結(jié)尾變y為i加es 清就清s 5)一般加s 濁就濁z eg. booksbuks penspenz babiesbeibiz但注意以下幾點(diǎn)： potatopotatoes ; tomatotomatoes 單復(fù)同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese 由man , woman在詞首構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞應(yīng)將兩部分都變成復(fù)數(shù) man doctor men doctors reefreefs “某國(guó)人”的復(fù)數(shù)：中

4、日不變英法變，其余s加后面. eg. GermanGermans people , police 常用單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)概念 The police are looking for the missing boy.3、名詞所有格：名詞s (意思是 “的”)A.有生命的名詞所有格，一般在后加“s”但注意：1)表兩者共有則在后者加“s” Lucy and Lilys father 露西和莉莉的父親 Lucys and Lilys fathers露西的父親和莉莉的父親.2)以s結(jié)尾的詞只加“ ”eg. 1) the boys books 2) James father3)無(wú)生命的名詞所有格用of來(lái)引導(dǎo)e

5、g. the leg of the desk4)雙重所有格：a friend of my fathers a friend of mine ( ) a friend of my( × )二、冠詞1、不定冠詞a, an a用在輔音音素開(kāi)頭的詞前 eg. a book a useful book a “u” ju:sful ju:an用于元音開(kāi)頭的詞前. eg. an applean hour an “F” au ef 2、定冠詞the1)特指某人/某物 The book on the desk is mine.2)世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前 the sun , the moon, the e

6、arth, the sky3)形、副最高級(jí)及序數(shù)詞前 The third boy is the tallest of all.(但當(dāng)這些詞前已有其他限定詞，如物主代詞、所有格、指示代詞時(shí)，則不能再用the) He is my first English teacher.4)the + 姓的復(fù)數(shù)表示 “某家人”或“某夫婦”。 the Greens 格林一家/ 格林夫婦3、不用冠詞的幾種情況：1)在星期、月份、季節(jié)前不用冠詞2)學(xué)科名詞前3)球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)及早、中、晚三餐名詞前（但：當(dāng)三餐名詞前有修飾詞時(shí)，則要加適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~. 表樂(lè)曲演奏的名詞前應(yīng)加the）1) He went to school aft

7、er he had a quick breakfast.2) play the violin / piano三、代詞（一）指示代詞：this , that , these , those. this , that一般與可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)連用，而不與不可數(shù)名詞連用（但that可單獨(dú)指代不可數(shù)名詞）。that apple ( ) that meat ( × )The weather in Sichuan is not so hot as _ in Guangzhou. that(二)人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞 1）人稱(chēng)代詞：主格、賓格（作主語(yǔ)為主格， 作賓語(yǔ)為賓格; 介+賓格）eg. 1)

8、I thank you 2)You thank me.2）物主代詞：形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。一變(mymine); 二留(hishis itsits)三加s(youryours ; ourours ; herhers ; theirtheirs)用法：有名不名，無(wú)名是名eg. This is _（我的）book. This book is _（我的）. my ; mine3）反身代詞：某某自己；親自反身代詞的常見(jiàn)搭配：1.enjoy oneself 玩得高興；過(guò)得愉快 2.hurt oneself 傷著自己3.teach oneself = learn by oneself 自學(xué)4.

9、(all) by oneself （完全）獨(dú)立地5.help oneself to 請(qǐng)自便；隨便吃6.look after oneself 自理；照顧自己7.leave one by oneself 把單獨(dú)留下8.lose oneself in 陶醉于；沉浸于（三）不定代詞 1)some與any一般情況下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句（但表邀請(qǐng)、建議的問(wèn)句中可用some此類(lèi)句型常以could , would開(kāi)頭） 2) many + 可數(shù) = a lot of : 許多much + 不可數(shù) （但a lot of不能用于否定句） 3) few , a few ; little ,

10、 a little表否定表肯定可數(shù)few(幾乎沒(méi)有)a few(幾個(gè)；一些)不可數(shù)little(幾乎沒(méi)有)a little(一點(diǎn)兒少許).The story is easy to read.There are_new words in it. few.Hurry up! There is_ time left. little4) everyone / anyone 不加of no one 不加 ofnone of5）other ,another , others單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)泛指another三者以上的另一個(gè)定語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)othersomeothers特指onethe other一個(gè)另一個(gè)the o

11、thers =the other+復(fù)名(另外的人或物).We study _ subjects besides Chinese. .May I have _ apple ?.These cups are clean. _ are dirty. .I have two pens. One is red , _ is blue. other ; another ; others ; the others另外注意：one another (三者以上的)相互 each other (兩者的)相互We should learn from each other(說(shuō)明we指兩個(gè)人)They help one

12、 another (說(shuō)明they指三個(gè)人以上) 6) 二者與三者復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)單數(shù)二者both(都)neither(都不)either(任何一個(gè))三者all(都)none(都不)any(任何一個(gè))注意：.both 否定 neither all 否定 none.both , all 不但作主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，且被修飾的詞也為復(fù)數(shù)；neither , none作主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)，但none of + 復(fù)名，neither of + 復(fù)名every one / any one of7) each: (二者以上的)每個(gè)作主、賓、定）every: (三者以上的)每個(gè)只作定語(yǔ)）._ student in the class

13、likes English._ of the students studied hard. Every ; Each四、數(shù)詞數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。用于表示事物數(shù)目的詞稱(chēng)為基數(shù)詞，表示事物順序的詞稱(chēng)為序數(shù)詞。1.基數(shù)詞(1000以?xún)?nèi)的基數(shù)詞的讀法)365three hundred and sixty-five505five hundred and five2.基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的方法： 基變序，有規(guī)律；詞尾要加th。 一二三，特殊記；詞尾分別tdd。 八去t ，九去e ；ve則以f替。 ty 則變作 ti ; 后面還有一個(gè)e。 要是遇到幾十幾；只將個(gè)位變成序。eg. onefirst twosec

14、ond threethird eighteighth nineninth twelvetwelfthtwentytwentieth twenty-one -twenty-first3.數(shù)詞的應(yīng)用：A、時(shí)刻表達(dá)法：a. 整點(diǎn)：基數(shù)詞 + oclockeg. Its eight oclock now.b. 幾點(diǎn)幾分： 1直接表達(dá)法：先小時(shí)后分 eg. 3:25 three twenty-five 2.間接表達(dá)法：先分后小時(shí)1)(<30分鐘)用past ：分鐘past 小時(shí) eg. 3:25 twenty-five (minutes) past three2) (>30分鐘)用to：(6

15、0-分鐘數(shù)) to (小時(shí)數(shù)+1) eg. 3:35 twenty-five (minutes) to four3) 30分鐘 = half 15分鐘 = a quartereg. 3:30 three thirty = half past three 3:15 three fifteen = a quarter past three. 3:45 three forty-five = a quarter to fourB、日期表達(dá)法：月日，年（或日月年）1949年10月1日 : October1st , nineteen forty-nine=the first of October, nin

16、eteen forty-nine2000年: the year two thousand=twenty hundred2001年: twenty o one3月1日: March the first = the first of MarchC、表編號(hào)：第207房間：Room 207第五課： Lesson 5 = the fifth lessonD、序數(shù)詞與不定冠詞(a; an)連用表“又一；再一”eg. Youve done it three times. Why not try a fourth time?E、分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)：分子（基數(shù)）、分母（序數(shù)）eg. one third 三分之一 two

17、 thirds 三分之二注意：1.分子超過(guò)1時(shí)，分母加s2.含分?jǐn)?shù)的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)由分?jǐn)?shù)后的詞決定謂語(yǔ)eg.1)One third of the students are girls. 2)One third of the milk is mine.3.分?jǐn)?shù)的特殊形式1)one third = a third2)one fourth = a quarter three fourths = three quarters3)one second = a halfF、一些數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù) + of表約數(shù)：hundreds of ; thousands of ; millions of五、介詞1.in; on;

18、 at用在時(shí)間詞前，表“在” 1)at + 具體時(shí)刻 2)on + 具體某天（具體某天的上、下午等；星期詞；以及上、下午詞前有修飾詞時(shí)） 3)in + 年、月、季節(jié)及一天中的某部分但注意：at night= in the night at noon at this / that time at Christmaseg. 1._ the morning 2._ Monday morning3. _ a rainy evening 4. _3:50 5._ 20026._ the morning of April 10 7._ spring8._ night 9._ this time 10. _

19、 March另外注意：在時(shí)間詞（morning , afternoon , evening ; Sunday）前有l(wèi)ast, next , this , that時(shí)，不再用介詞. tomorrow, tonight前也不用介詞。eg. I will go(A) to the cinema(B) in(C) this evening. _2. in , on , at 表地點(diǎn)：at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)；on往往表示“在某個(gè)物體的表面”。例如：eg. 1)He arrived _Shanghai yesterday.2)They arrived _a small villa

20、ge before dark.3)There is a big hole _ the wall.4)The teacher put up a picture _ the wall.3.in , on , to表方位 in(范圍內(nèi))；on(范圍外且接壤)；to(范圍外但不接壤)?？杀硎緸橄聢D的位置關(guān)系eg.1)Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2)Hubei is on the north of Hunan. 3)Japan is to the east of China. cross: 動(dòng)詞“跨過(guò)，越過(guò)”=go across4. across: （表面）

21、跨過(guò)through: （內(nèi)部）穿過(guò)，貫穿 介詞eg. 1)Can you swim _ the river? 2)The road runs _ the forest. 3) _ the bridge, youll find a cinema.5. in + 時(shí)間段：與將來(lái)時(shí)連用after + 時(shí)間段：與過(guò)去時(shí)連用但after + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)：可與將來(lái)時(shí)連用。 1) Ill leave _ three oclock. That is, Ill leave _ about ten minutes. 2)They left _ two weeks.6. in the tree(外加在樹(shù)上的事物) on

22、 the tree(樹(shù)上自身具有的花、果、葉等)in the wall(鑲嵌在墻內(nèi)部的事物)7. on the wall(墻表面的事物) 1) There is a map _ the wall 2) There are four windows _ the wall.8.by bike / bus / car / ship (單數(shù)且無(wú)冠詞)但當(dāng)這些交通工具名詞前有其它修飾詞時(shí)，則應(yīng)使用相應(yīng)的介詞。eg. by bike = on a(the; his) bike by car = in a(the ; her) car on: 在（表面）上接觸9. over: 在的正上方 above: 在的

23、斜上方 未接觸 1) The moon rose _ the hill. 2) There is a bridge _ the river. 3) There is a book _ the desk.10. between: 在（兩者）之間 among :在（三者以上）之間 1)A big crowd of people were waiting for Li Lida on the beach. _ them were his parents. 2)Tom sits _Lucy and Lily.11.on與about : 關(guān)于 on用于較正式的演講、學(xué)術(shù)、書(shū)籍等 about用于非正式的談

24、話或隨便提及eg. He gave a talk _ the history of the Party12. in front of :在前面/方（范圍外）= before in / at the front of:在前部（范圍內(nèi)）1)There is a big tree _ of the classroom.2)A driver drives _ of the bus.類(lèi)似區(qū)別：at the back of與behind13.with和in: 表示“用“ with: 指“用工具、手、口等” in: 指“用語(yǔ)言、話語(yǔ)、聲音等” 1) Please write the letter _ a p

25、en. 2) Please speak _ a loud voice.14. on a farm ; in a factory ; the girl in the hat ; leave for: 動(dòng)身前往某地15.一些固定搭配：（1）介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look for;wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spendon, 等。（2）介詞與名詞的搭配on time, in time, by bus, on foot, wit

26、h pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。（3）介詞與形容詞的搭配be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。六、連詞: 從屬連詞和并列連詞（一）從屬連詞：用于連接各種從句的連詞（二）并列連詞：并列連詞用來(lái)連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞，短語(yǔ)或句子。常見(jiàn)的并列連詞有：1.表并列關(guān)系的and, bothand, not onlybut a

27、lso, neithernor等。2. 表選擇關(guān)系的or, eitheror等。3. 表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but, while（然而）等。4.表因果關(guān)系的for, so等。5. and: “和”在肯定句中表并列or: “和”在否定句中表并列另外：1)or “或者”用于選擇疑問(wèn)句 2)or “否則”eg. .Which do you like better, tea or milk? .Hurry up, or youll be late for school. 6.but “但是”表轉(zhuǎn)折eg. I listened, but I heard nothing.注意：1)though(雖然), but(但

28、是)不能連用 2)not but 不是而是eg. This book isnt mine but yours.both and : 既又（連接主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)）neithernor: 既不也不 連接兩主 7. eitheror: 或者或者 語(yǔ)后者決 not only but also:不但而且 定單、復(fù)eg.1)Both he and I are students.2)Neither he nor I am a student.七、形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí)1.原級(jí)：表示A與B在某方面相同。句型：1) A + 謂 + as + 原級(jí) + as + B 2) A + 謂(否定) + as/so + 原級(jí)

29、+ as + B A與B在某方面不同注意：not as / so as = less than 不及；不如eg. 1)This girl is as beautiful as that one. 2)You dont eat so much as I 3)This book isnt as interesting as that one = This book is _ _ _ that one2.比較級(jí)：兩者進(jìn)行比較（常與than連用）1)I am cleverer than you 我比你聰明。2)He runs faster than Jim 他比Jim跑得快。3)I picked mo

30、re apples than Jim.我比你摘的蘋(píng)果多。4)Which is more interesting, this one or that one? 哪本書(shū)更有趣，這本還是那本？3.最高級(jí)：三者（或三者以上）進(jìn)行比較（常與表范圍的in , of短語(yǔ)連用）( 注意：of + 個(gè)體名詞單數(shù) in + 集合名詞 )eg. 1)Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 2)He runs fastest in our class. 3)He is the tallest of the three boys. 4)Which is the easiest, L

31、esson1, Lesson2 or Lesson3 ?4.形、副比較等級(jí)的其他用法 1) “比較級(jí)and 比較級(jí)” 表示 “越來(lái)越”eg. lazier and lazier 越來(lái)越懶(但注意：如果多音節(jié)詞用此結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)應(yīng)為 more and more + 形、副)eg. more and more beautiful 越來(lái)越漂亮 2) “the比較級(jí)，the比較級(jí)” “越，越”eg. the more, the better 多多益善 _ you are, _ you will get. 你越懶，收獲越少。 3) “the比較級(jí)of +二者” “二者中較的一個(gè)”eg. 1) Lucy is t

32、he younger of the twins. 2) Of(A) the two books(B) this one(C) is thicker(D). _ 4)表示二者相差多少用 “具體數(shù)量 + 比較級(jí)”eg. Hes a head taller than me. My brother is two years older than me5)表示“是幾倍”時(shí)用“twice; three times等 + asas”eg. 1)This book costs twice as much as that one. 這本書(shū)的價(jià)錢(qián)是那本書(shū)的兩倍。 2)He has four times as ma

33、ny books as I have 他擁有的書(shū)是我擁有的四倍。6)區(qū)別older / elder與farther / further older（年齡較老的） elder（指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的）eg. My _ brother is _ than me. farther (指距離“較遠(yuǎn)的”) further(指抽象事物的“更進(jìn)一步的”)eg.1)He went abroad for _ studies. 2)Fusun is _ from our school than Zhaohua. 形、副比較等級(jí)還應(yīng)注意1.比較級(jí)前用a little ; much / a lot ; even /

34、still來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，表示“一點(diǎn)兒；得多 ； 更”eg. 1) a little bigger 大一點(diǎn)兒 2)much more 多得多 3)even heavier更重但注意：不能在比較級(jí)前加so; too; very; quite等。2.比較級(jí)必須是同類(lèi)事物相比（即as; than后的詞應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)是同類(lèi)事物），注意常用漏的代詞有：that; those; one; oneseg. 1)The apples (A) in this basket (B) are redder (C) than in that basket(D). _2)This knife (A) isnt (B) so (C

35、) new as that (D). _3)Our classroom (A) is (B) bigger (C) than Lily(D). _3.個(gè)體與整體相比，不能包括個(gè)體，常用“any other + 單數(shù)名詞”來(lái)進(jìn)行比較。eg.1）Betty(是個(gè)體) is cleverer than any student in her class(是整體). ( × )正：Betty is cleverer than any other student in her class.=Betty is cleverer than anybody else in her class.=Bet

36、ty is the cleverest in her class.(特別注意以上三種句型的轉(zhuǎn)換) 2)China is bigger than any country in Africa. 中國(guó)比非洲的任何一個(gè)國(guó)家都大。 3) China is bigger than any other country in Asia. 中國(guó)比亞洲的任何一個(gè)其他國(guó)家大。*4.使用最高級(jí)時(shí)應(yīng)把主語(yǔ)包括在范圍內(nèi)。eg. Mary is the tallest of all her sisters.( × )(all her sisters已排除了Mary)改：Mary is the tallest of

37、 all the sisters.5.表示“第二、第三”時(shí)，可在最高級(jí)前加“second , third, ”（但“第一”不能用first）eg. The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 改錯(cuò)：_附：形、副比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化規(guī)則A、規(guī)則變化1.“輔 + y”結(jié)尾，變y為i加er , est(但“形 + ly ”構(gòu)成的副詞除外)2.雙寫(xiě)加er , est3.直接加 er , est / r, st4.在多音詞前加more , most (以“形 + ly ”構(gòu)成的副詞也在前加more , most)B、不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比

38、較級(jí)最高級(jí)good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/ill/badlyworseworstlittlelessleastoldolder/elderoldest/eldestfarfartherfurtherfarthestfurthest另外：1) 以-er , -ow , -ble , -ple結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞加er, est / r, st.narrow _ _simple _ _able _ _2) tired_ _pleased _ _3) often _ _ friendly_ _4)在形容詞的最高級(jí)前一般加the, 副詞的最高級(jí)前一般不加the

39、 (但當(dāng)形容詞最高級(jí)前有物主代詞、所有格時(shí)則不再加the)。eg. Lily is my the best friend.(改錯(cuò)) _5)形容詞作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞(但部分形容詞不能作定語(yǔ)，只能表語(yǔ)：ill ; alone ; asleep ; afraid ; interested ; excited ; surprised ).副詞作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞。附動(dòng)詞的四種形式A、動(dòng)三單的變法 1) “輔+y”結(jié)尾, 變y為i加es 2) “以s; sh; ch; x; o結(jié)尾, 加es 3)直接加s但have-hasB、現(xiàn)在分詞的變法 1)去e加ing (e不發(fā)音) 2)雙寫(xiě)加ing (“輔元輔”

40、結(jié)尾且重讀,y;w列外) 3)直接加ingC、動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞（一）不規(guī)則變化（二）規(guī)則變化 1) “輔+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i加ed 2)雙寫(xiě)加ed 3)直接加ed附情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can/ could; may/ might; must; should）+動(dòng)原1.must(必須)neednt(不必) may(可以)mustnt(不許；不準(zhǔn)；不可以)2.注意幾個(gè)題： 1)May I go with you? No, you _. 2)Must I turn off the light now? Yes, you _/ No, you _附動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)名詞A、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ) 1)tell /

41、ask / want sb to do _否定式：tell/ask/want sb not to do _ _ 2)省to不定式作賓補(bǔ)即：(l, m, n, 3h, 2看, 1f) sb dollet; mmake; nnotice; 3hhear, have, help; 2看see, watch; 1ffeel 但注意：1)help sb (to) do (to可省、可不省) 2)在改作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)省去的to應(yīng)還原eg. Someone heard him sing in the room. He was heard to sing in the room.B、動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別1.(

42、hope; learn; want=would like; decide) to do2.(enjoy; finish; keep; mind; practise) doing 8.介詞+doingeg. 1)What/ How about doing 2)be good at doing附賓語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)1.狀語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)：主句時(shí)間、條件句1）一般將來(lái)時(shí) 2）祈使句 3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞原形一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)eg.1)Ill call you as soon as he _ (come) back. 2)He wont go to bed until he _ (finish

43、) his homework. 3)Ill help you if I _ (be) free tomorrow2.賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)：主句賓語(yǔ)從句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一切時(shí)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去范疇的某一時(shí)態(tài)（一般過(guò)去時(shí)；過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；過(guò)去完成時(shí)；過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)）但當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是指客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，則只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。eg.1)He said his father _(come) back in two days. 2)The teacher said light _(travel) faster than sound.附主謂一致1.表“時(shí)間、距離、金錢(qián)、長(zhǎng)度”的名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作一個(gè)整體，視為三單

44、eg. Two months is quite a long time.2.people; police形單實(shí)為復(fù)，作主為復(fù)eg. The police are looking for the missing boy.3.maths, news, physics形復(fù)實(shí)為單，作主為單4.family; class看作整體時(shí)作主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)；看作整體中的各成員時(shí)則為復(fù)數(shù)。eg. 1)My family is a big one. 2)My family are watching TV.5.由with, except, as well as連接的兩名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)由前者決定eg. The teacher

45、 with his students is going to Beijing tomorrow.6.由neithernor; eitheror; not onlybout also連接的兩名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)由后者決定eg. Neither he nor I am a teacher.7.不定代詞（something; anything; nothing; someone; anyone; everyone）作主語(yǔ)為三單Nobody knows it except me.8.One of + 復(fù)名 作主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)eg. One of my friends is a computer engineer

46、.9.“the +姓的復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)eg. The Lius are watching TV now.10.sheep; deer; fish單復(fù)同形，注意區(qū)別作主語(yǔ)是單還是復(fù)eg. 1)There are many sheep on the hill. 2)Milk _ white, and sheep _ white, too. (be填空)11.there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果有兩個(gè)以上的名詞作主語(yǔ)，則be應(yīng)與最接近的那個(gè)名詞一致。（即：靠近原則）eg. 1)There _a box and some pens on the desk.2)There _some pens and a b

47、ox on the desk.12. either, neither, each作主語(yǔ)為三單eg. Neither of the twins _(like) drawing.13.由兩部分構(gòu)成的事物名詞（trousers, glasses, chopsticks）作主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，但當(dāng)前面有pair短語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，則謂語(yǔ)由pair的單復(fù)數(shù)來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)。eg.1)Where _(be) my glasses? 2)That pair of trousers _(be) Mr. Greens附“短命”動(dòng)詞與“長(zhǎng)命”動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化buyhave ; borrowkeep ; diebe dead ; leav

48、ebe away (from); come backbe back; fall asleepbe asleep ; openbe open ;catch a coldhave a cold; go /get outbe out; arrive (reach / get to / come to) +地點(diǎn)be in +地點(diǎn)；joinbe in +集體（或be + 成員）；turn onbe on; turn offbe off ;get a letter fromhave a letter from.end /finishbe over ; get upbe up ; 八、被 動(dòng) 語(yǔ) 態(tài)英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)

49、態(tài)分主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)兩種。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。 eg. We use a knife for cutting (主動(dòng)句). A knife is used for cutting (被動(dòng)句)。一、構(gòu)成：be + 過(guò)去分詞eg. 1)The work is finished by him. 2)Chinese is spoken by people in China.二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/ is/ are + 過(guò)去分詞eg. English is spoken by Englishmen.2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/ were + 過(guò)去分詞

50、eg. The machines were made in China.3.一般將來(lái)時(shí):will/shall/be going to be+過(guò)去分詞eg. A sports meeting will be held in our school next week.4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/ has been + 過(guò)去分詞eg. The work has been done by them.5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/ is/ are being + 過(guò)去分詞。eg. A new school is being built in our village.6.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/ were being

51、+ 過(guò)去分詞eg. My TV set was being mended at that time.綜上所述：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)只涉及be動(dòng)詞的變化（即：be動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)）另外注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： can / may / must / should + be + 過(guò)去分詞eg. He may be sent away from school.2.帶動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)eg. My bike needs to be mended.3.在使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，如需要指出動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者時(shí)，應(yīng)用“by + 動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者(賓格)”eg. He was called Mike by us4.不及物動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（take place/ happen ; last ; rise ; sink ; fall等）eg. The accident was happened two days ago (改錯(cuò)) _5.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是省to不定式時(shí)，在改作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之后，應(yīng)將省去的to還原。eg.The boss made the workers work 12 hours.The workers were made to work 12 hours.6.注意短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完整性（即：主動(dòng)句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若由v + prep / adv構(gòu)成，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不能將這些介詞、副詞遺漏