新概念英語第二冊第45課PPT課件

1、2021/7/241A clear conscience 問心無愧問心無愧Lesson 452021/7/242 New words and expressions clear adj. adj. klikli adj.adj.晴朗的晴朗的, , 清澈的；無愧的清澈的；無愧的, , 清白的；清白的；清楚的清楚的, , 明白的；暢通的明白的；暢通的, , 無阻的無阻的 adv.adv.清晰地清晰地, , 清楚地；完全清楚地；完全, , 一直一直 vi.vi.轉(zhuǎn)晴轉(zhuǎn)晴 vt.vt.掃除掃除, , 清除；清除；( (從電腦中從電腦中) )消除消除( (數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)) )；證明證明無罪無罪; ; 宣告宣告

2、無罪無罪2021/7/243conscience n. n.knns 良心，道德心良心，道德心 wallet n. wlit 皮夾，錢夾皮夾，錢夾 savings n.sevz 存款存款 villager n. vilid村民村民 per cent psent百分之百分之 2021/7/2441A clear conscience 問心無愧問心無愧clear在這里的含義為在這里的含義為“清白的清白的”、“無無罪的罪的”，因此這個短語又可譯為，因此這個短語又可譯為“清白的清白的良心良心”，相當(dāng)于，相當(dāng)于 a good conscience，反，反義詞為義詞為 a bad conscience（感

3、到內(nèi)疚）。（感到內(nèi)疚）。Language points2021/7/2452The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost. 整個村子很快知道，有一大筆錢丟失了。整個村子很快知道，有一大筆錢丟失了。（1）village在這里為總稱，指在這里為總稱，指“村民村民”，the whole village指指“全村的人全村的人”，后面通常跟單數(shù)，后面通常跟單數(shù)動詞（有時也可視為復(fù)數(shù)）：動詞（有時也可視為復(fù)數(shù)）：The whole village excited by the news.這消息使全村的人興奮。這消

4、息使全村的人興奮。（2）learn在句中的含義為在句中的含義為“獲悉獲悉”、“得得知知”：我剛剛得知她病了。我剛剛得知她病了。wasIve just learnt that she was ill.2021/7/2463Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office. taking為現(xiàn)在分詞。與動名詞相似，它也可以有自己為現(xiàn)在分詞。與動名詞相似，它也可以有自己的賓語、狀語等。在連詞的賓語、狀語等。在連詞while之后，現(xiàn)在分詞短語的之后，現(xiàn)在分詞短語的作

5、用相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句：作用相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句：while he was taking his savings to the post office?，F(xiàn)在分詞這?，F(xiàn)在分詞這樣用的前提是兩個動詞的主語是同一個，并且這兩個動樣用的前提是兩個動詞的主語是同一個，并且這兩個動作通常是同時發(fā)生的：作通常是同時發(fā)生的：他一邊打掃房間一邊聽音樂。他一邊打掃房間一邊聽音樂。如果是主語不一致則必須用從句：如果是主語不一致則必須用從句：我打掃房間時，他在聽音樂。我打掃房間時，他在聽音樂。He listened to music while cleaning the room.He listened to m

6、usic while I was cleaning the room.2021/7/2474Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagersmust用于對過去已發(fā)生的事進行推測時，用于對過去已發(fā)生的事進行推測時，后面的動詞要用完成式：后面的動詞要用完成式：When I arrived, he wasnt here. 我到這兒的時候他已不在了。我到這兒的時候他已不在了。他一定早走了。他一定早走了。He must have left early.2021/7/2485it contained half

7、 the money he had lost, 我們既可以說我們既可以說 half the money，也可以說，也可以說 half of the money，它們可以互相替代，但，它們可以互相替代，但是是money前都必須有前都必須有the，因為是指特定的錢。，因為是指特定的錢。再如：再如：這面包有一半已變質(zhì)了。這面包有一半已變質(zhì)了。Half the bread/ half of the bread was bad.2021/7/2496In time, all Sams money was paid back in this way.（1）in time可以表示“經(jīng)過一段時間”或“最終”、

8、“遲早”：In time, he found all the books he needed.一段時間以后，他找到了他需要的所有書。我最終總有一天會把一切都告訴你的。（2）in this way表示“用這樣的方式”：你必須注意你的拼寫。這樣你才能最終成為一個好秘書。 You must pay attention to your spelling. In this way, you can become a good secretary in time.Ill tell you everything in time.2021/7/2410 被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一、什么是語態(tài)？一、什么是語態(tài)？ 語態(tài)是

9、英語動詞的一種表現(xiàn)形式，用來說明主語和謂語動語態(tài)是英語動詞的一種表現(xiàn)形式，用來說明主語和謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。詞之間的關(guān)系。二、語態(tài)的種類二、語態(tài)的種類：（1 1）主動語態(tài)）主動語態(tài) （2 2）被動語態(tài)）被動語態(tài)三、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：三、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：( (八種時態(tài)下的被動語態(tài)）八種時態(tài)下的被動語態(tài)）2021/7/2411am/is/are +done (過去分詞過去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時2) has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 3)am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時 4)was/were done 一般過去時一般過去時 5)had

10、been done 過去完成時過去完成時 Visitors are asked not to touch the exhibits.(展品）展品）All the preparations for the task have been completedA new cinema is being built hereI was given ten minutes to decide.By the end of last year, another new gym had been completed in Beijing. 2021/7/24126)was/were being done 過去進

11、行時過去進行時 7)shall/will be done 一般將來時一般將來時 8） should/would be done 過去將來時過去將來時 被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式 1）帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)）帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)其形式為：情態(tài)動詞其形式為：情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞。過去分詞。 A meeting was being held when I was there. Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon

12、 as it arrived.The baby can be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2021/7/24135、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的問題、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的問題1.把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，應(yīng)保留主動語態(tài)原來把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，應(yīng)保留主動語態(tài)原來的時態(tài)。如：的時態(tài)。如：She often cleans the house. The house is often cleaned by her.2.有些動詞可以有雙賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，有些動詞可以有雙賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語（通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語

13、（sb.）His mother gave him a present for his birthdayHe was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 2021/7/24143) 當(dāng)當(dāng)“動詞動詞+賓語賓語+賓語補足語賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動.Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette(香煙）香煙）=The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役動詞）在使

14、役動詞have, make, get以及以及感官動詞感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加等變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加toSomeone saw a stranger walk into the building=A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 2021/7/24155) 有些相當(dāng)于及物動詞的有些相當(dāng)于及物動詞的動詞詞組動詞詞組，如如“動詞介詞動詞介詞”，“動詞副詞動詞副詞”等，等，也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個整體，但要把它們看作一個整體，

15、不能分開不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。 The meeting is to be put off till Friday2021/7/2416一、系動詞一、系動詞 taste, smell, feel, sound, prove等可用主動形式表達被動意義。如等可用主動形式表達被動意義。如:1這些花聞起來很香。這些花聞起來很香。2那聽起來很有道理。那聽起來很有道理。3那食物嘗起來很可口。那食物嘗起來很可口。These flowers smell sweet.That sounds very reasonable. The food tastes delicio

16、us.2021/7/2417二、某些與二、某些與 cant wont 等連用的不及物動等連用的不及物動詞，如詞，如move, lock, shut, open 等可用主動等可用主動形式表達被動意義。如：形式表達被動意義。如：1盒子不能移動。盒子不能移動。2門不會關(guān)。門不會關(guān)。The box cant move.The door wont shut.2021/7/2418三、某些可用來表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能三、某些可用來表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能的不及物動詞，如的不及物動詞，如 sell, write, wash, clean,last(耐久耐久), wear(耐穿耐穿), 等可用主動形式表等可用主

17、動形式表達被動意義達被動意義. 如如:This kind of food sells well. 這種食物暢銷。這種食物暢銷。This cloth washes well and lasts long. 這布料經(jīng)洗、耐穿。這布料經(jīng)洗、耐穿。The floor doesnt clean easily. 這地板不容易弄干凈。這地板不容易弄干凈。2021/7/2419五、形容詞五、形容詞 worth 后面要用動名詞的主后面要用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。如：動形式表示被動意義。如：1小說值得一讀。小說值得一讀。2事情值得做。事情值得做。The novel is worth reading.The

18、thing is worth doing.2021/7/2420四、在動詞四、在動詞 require, need, want 等動詞之等動詞之后，可用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。后，可用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。1樹需要澆水。樹需要澆水。2孩子需要照顧。孩子需要照顧。3電視機需要修理。電視機需要修理。The trees need watering. Children want looking after.The TV needs mending.2021/7/2421六、動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動意義：六、動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動意義： 不定式作定語與被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成不定式作

19、定語與被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成 動賓關(guān)系時，如：動賓關(guān)系時，如：我有許多事情要做。我有許多事情要做。他有幾項任務(wù)要完成。他有幾項任務(wù)要完成。I have a lot of things to do.He has several tasks to complete.2021/7/24222. 在在“系動詞系動詞+形容詞形容詞+不定式不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見句型有：常見句型有： n. +be + too + adj. + to do The plane is too high to see. 2) n. +be + adj. + enough + to do The book is cheap

20、enough for me to buy. 3) n. + be + adj. + to do The question is not easy to answer.2021/7/2423（一）改寫句子（一）改寫句子1. We plant trees in spring every year. _ by us in spring every year.2. She posted the letter yesterday. _ by her yesterday.3. Mr Turner gave me a birthday present. _a birthday present by Mr T

21、urner.4. He is drawing a picture. _ by him.5. You may hand in your homework tomorrow. _ by you tomorrow.6. She is going to write a letter. _ by her.Trees are plantedThe letter was postedI was givenA picture is being drawnYour homework may be handed inA letter is going to be written2021/7/24247. I ha

22、ve given you the new book. _ to you.8. Her bag cannot be found by her. _ her bag.9. Do you often hear her sing Russian songs? _Russian songs by you?10. She doesnt let her son swim in the river. _ in the river by her.11. The bridge was being built by them at this time last year. _ the bridge at this time last year.12. Does she often sing the song? _ by her?The new book has been givenShe cannot findIs she often heard to singHer son isnt let to swimThey were buildingIs the song often sung2021/7/2425Fill in the blanks with words according to the story. The local _, Sam Benton, was tak