八下英語現(xiàn)在完成時專題講解

1、現(xiàn)在完成時講解一、 基本結構：助動詞have/has+過去分詞 (done)二、句型結構肯定句：主語 +have/has+過去分詞 +其他 .否定句：主語 +have/has +not （縮寫成havent/hasn）t+過去分詞 +其他 .一般疑問句： Have/Has+ 主語 +過去分詞 +其他 .簡略答語 :Yes, 主語+ have/has.(肯定 )No, 主語+ haven't/hasn't.(否定 )三、用法（ 1）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。如： I have spent all of my money (so far).(含義

2、是 :現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.) Guo zijun has (just/already) come.(含義：郭子君現(xiàn)在在這兒) My father has gone to work.(含義是 :我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒)（ 2）現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作（用行為動詞表示）或狀態(tài)（ be 動詞表示），常與 for（ +時間段） ,since（ +時間點或過去時的句子）連用. for+ 時段 since+過去一個時間點（譯為：自從 以來） since+時段 +ago since+從句（過去時）It is+ 時段 +since+從句（過去時）如：Mary has been i

3、ll for three days.I have lived here since 1998.四、 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)的區(qū)別（ 1） Have/Has gone(to)去了 (現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場)Where is your father ？He has gone to Shanghai.（ 2） Have/Has been (to)去過（已不在去過的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.（ 3） Have/has been in：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）My father has been in S

4、hanghai for two months. /since two months ago.五、現(xiàn)在完成時的標志1.現(xiàn)在完成時的含義之一是過去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響,用以下四大標志詞可以表達這種含義 :（ 1）以 already, just 和 yet 為標志。如： He has already got her help. 他已得到她的幫助。 He has just seen the film. 他剛剛看過這場電影。He hasn't come back yet. 他還沒有回來。（ 2）以 ever 和 never 為標志 This is the best film I have e

5、ver seen. 這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。He has never been to Beijing. 他從沒有到過北京。（ 3）以動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標志He says he has been to the USA three times. 他說他已經(jīng)去過美國三次了。（ 4）以 so far（到目前為止）為標志 He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前為止他已到了北京。 She has passed the exam so far. 到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了考試。2.過去已經(jīng)開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去,我們可以從動作“延續(xù) ”的特性和 “時

6、間 ”點段的區(qū)分入手 ,進一步學習現(xiàn)在完成時。 for+ 時段 since+過去一個時間點（過去從句）為標志注意：1)現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與過去的時間狀語連用, 如 yesterday, last week, three years ago2) 不能與 when 連用3） .現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用等 ;六、過去分詞1 、規(guī)則動詞： 規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構成規(guī)則相同。四點變化規(guī)則：(1) 、一般動詞，在詞尾直接加 “ ed ?！眞ork-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited(2)、以 “ e 結”尾的動詞，只在詞

7、尾加 “ d 。”live-lived-lived ,(3)、以 “輔音字母+ y ”結尾的動詞，將"y" 變?yōu)?"i"，再加 “ ed ?！眘tudy-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried(4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ ed ?！眘top-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped2 、不規(guī)則動詞（需要同學們平時積累和記憶）七、瞬間動詞（ buy, die, join, come，go ,leave, join將其改變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動詞，如：）不能直接與fo

8、r， since 連用。要1、buy-have ；begin-be onborrow -keep ；come/arrive/reach/get to-be in ；go out-be out ；leave -be away； finish-be over；open-be open ；close -be closed； die-be dead2、常用瞬間動詞變延續(xù)性動詞表：（ 1） have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. have been in sw./at相應的介詞（ 2） have come/gone

9、 back/returned have been back（ 3） have come/gone outhave been out（ 4）have become have been（ 5）have closed / opened have been closed/open（ 6） have got up have been up（ 7） have died have been dead；（ 8）have left sw. have been away from sw. （ 9） have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been；asleep（ 10）have

10、finished/ended/completed have been over（11）have married have been married；（ 12）have started/begun to do sth. have done sth（. 13） have begun have been on（ 14）have borrowed/boughthave kept/had（ 15） have lost haven t had（ 16）have put onhave worn（ 17）have caught /get a cold have had a cold；（ 18）have got

11、 to know have known（ 19） have/has gone to have been in（ 20）have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party s member/theleaguesoldir1. ever 表 “曾，曾經(jīng) ”，疑問句或肯定 句。Have you ever been there? 你曾到過那里嗎？Have you ever been to London? 你曾到過倫敦嗎 ?

12、2. already 表 示 “已 經(jīng) ”的 意 思 ， 主 要 用 在 肯 定 的 陳 述 句 中 ， 通 常 與 動 詞 的 完 成 時 或 進 行 時 連用： Our visitors have come already. 來賓已 到。already 也可用在疑問句中，常暗示說話人的 “驚奇 ”、 “意外 ”，如： Have you already had breakfast? 難道你 吃過早飯了？3. just 表 “剛才，方才 ”，一般用于肯定句 中：They've just arrived. 他們剛剛到達。"'I've just arrived b

13、y train,' she said." "' 我剛 乘火車到這里,'她說道。 "4. yet 既可作于否定句、疑問句中，也可用于肯定句中，但表達的意思不盡相同。（ 1）用于否定句，表“還， 尚 ”At two o clockthey had not yet decided whether to go or not. 兩點鐘時他們尚未決定是去還是不去。（ 2）用于疑問句，表“已 經(jīng) ”Is everything ready yet? 一切都準備好嗎？（ 3）用于肯定句，表“仍然，還得 ” He is yet a child. 他還是個孩子。

14、現(xiàn)在完成時練習(一 )A) 選用 have, has 填空 :1.I _ told him the news.2.She _ come back from school.3.You _ won the game.B) 按要求改寫下列各句 :4.They have bought a computer.( 改成否定句 )_5.He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑問句,再作肯定與否定回答)_C) 單項選擇6. -Where have you _, Kate? -I've _ to the bank.A. gone, goneB . been, beenC. gone, b

15、eenD. been, gone7.Her grandfather _ for two years.A. diedB. has diedC. has been dead D. has been died8.It's six weeks _ I met you last.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. for9.Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.A. have gotB. have gone toC. have been toD. have reached現(xiàn)在完成時練習（二）一、單項選擇。1、 B

16、oth his parents look sad . Maybe they _what's happened to him . （呼和浩特） . knew . have known . must know .will know2、 He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . Still3、 Have you met Mr Li _ ？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago4、 The famous writer _ one new book in the past two

17、years . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、 Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better6、 Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied .

18、are ; studying 7、 We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew8、 Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see9、 These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go .

19、 have they gone10、 _ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12、 Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friend

20、s since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made13、 How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived14、 Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun. has been on . began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . w

21、as16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been17、 My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been18、 The students have cleaned the classroom,?A. so they B. don t they C. have they D. haven t they19、

22、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since heto China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, gotC. How long, came D. How far, arrived20、 His uncle_ for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to workC. has lived there D. has left the university二、句型轉換。1、 He has never surfed,?（改成反意疑問句）2、 Th

23、ey have been here since 2000. (對劃線部分提問)_they been here?3、 The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die)4、 This factory opened twenty years ago.( 同義句轉換 )（動詞填空）This factory _ for twenty years.5、 Miss Gao left an hour ago. ( 同義句轉換 )Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、 Her mother has been a Party member for

24、three years .（同義句）Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、 The Green Family moved to France two years ago. ( 同義句轉換 )_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8、 The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. ( 把兩個句子合并成一個句子)_三、漢譯英。1、 吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。2、 他昨天收到一封信。3、 我父親以前到過長城。4、 她還沒有看過那部新電影。

25、5、 她去過上海。6、 他這些天上哪兒去了？參考答案：一、單項選擇。1、現(xiàn)在完成時主要強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚?重點在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是。2、現(xiàn)在完成時常與 already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來，也不；從不） ，before（以前）， yet（仍然）等連用。故 2 應選 B。3、 C4、現(xiàn)在完成時常與recently（近來）， so far（到目前為止） ， in the past/“ 一last段+時間 ”等時間狀語連用。因為上述短語表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時間，句中的動作是從過去某一時間或時刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故 4 應選 D。5、 C6、現(xiàn)在完成時時常與“ for +時間段或since + 過去時間點 ”連用（含從句，從句過去時）。故 6 應選 C。7、 C8、現(xiàn)在完成時還與數(shù)的詞語連用。故once（一次）， twice （兩次）， three tim