初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法定語(yǔ)從句精講精練.doc

1、初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法定語(yǔ)從句精講精練.doc 定語(yǔ)從句 在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。有限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有 who，whom，whose，which，that，as 等和關(guān)系副詞 where，when，why 等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分。 1、由 who，who，whom，whose 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 在這類定語(yǔ)從句中，who 用作主語(yǔ)，whom 用作賓語(yǔ)(可以省略)，whose 用作定語(yǔ)。如： This is the man who is looking for you. The actor （

2、whom）you"re talking about is in the car. Do you know the singer whose name is Liu Huan? 2、由 which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 which 在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)(可以省略)。如： The bridge which is being built is 5km long. This is the CD (which) he wants. The house in which /where they live is very beautiful. 注： whom 和 which 作介詞

3、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞一般可放在它們之前，也可以放在從句原來(lái)的位置上；在含有介詞的動(dòng)詞固定詞組中，介詞只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。如： The house in which they live is very beautiful. (=The house which they live in is very beautiful.) Lina is the girl with whom I went shopping yesterday. (=Lina is the girl whom I went shopping with yesterday) The actor （whom）you"re tal

4、king about is in the car. 如果是引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，只能用關(guān)系代詞 which，而不能用 that。如： She has lost the book HARRY POTTER, which she likes very much. 3、由 that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 that 在定語(yǔ)從句中可以指人或物，作主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)(可以省略)，不能作介詞的賓語(yǔ)（which 才能作介詞的賓語(yǔ)）。如： The toy car that was given by my uncle last week is my favourite. The present (that) I go

5、t last week was given by my uncle. 在以下幾種情況下都只能用 that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句： 1）先行詞是不定代詞 all，few，little，much，something，nothing，anything 等。如： All that you have to do every day is to practise speaking more. 2）先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾的。如： I"ll never forget the first lesson that was taught by Mr He. That"s the most i

6、nteresting movie (that) I have ever seen. 3）先行詞被 all，any，every，each，few，little，no，some 等修飾的。如： Have you finished reading all the books (that) I brought you a month ago? 4）先行詞被 the only，the very，the same，the last 等修飾的。如： Miss Sun was the only person (that) I knew at the party. 5）先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。如： At the

7、party we talked about things and persons (that) we were interested in. 6）當(dāng)句中已有 who 時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)。如： Who is the girl that is wearing a red dress? 7）用作關(guān)系副詞，修飾表示時(shí)間的名詞如 day，time，moment 等，代替 when。如： The story happened on the day that/when he left his hometown. 4、由 where，when，why 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。如： Do you know the rea

8、son why he was late for school yesterday? I"ll never forget the day when I joined the Party. This is the hospital where he was born twenty years ago. 當(dāng)先行詞表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)時(shí)，關(guān)系詞有時(shí)用 when，where，有時(shí)要用 that/which，這主要看它 在定語(yǔ)從句中作什么成分而定。如： October 1st, 1949 is the day when new China was founded. (狀語(yǔ)) October 1st,

9、1949 is the day (that) we should remember forever. (賓語(yǔ)) This is the hospital where he was born twenty years ago.（狀語(yǔ)） This is the hospital that was built twenty years ago. (主語(yǔ)) 5、限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 1）限制性定語(yǔ)從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的有關(guān)系代詞 who，whom，whose，which，that 等和關(guān)系副詞 where，when，why 等。 2）

10、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，沒(méi)有它也不影響主句意思的完整性。通常用逗號(hào)把主句和從句分開(kāi)，關(guān)系代詞只能用 which，而不用 that；指人時(shí)，要用 who/whom。如： He has two brothers, who are both pupils. There are 160 teachers in their school, 97 of whom are women teachers. She has lost the book HARRY POTTER, which she likes very much. 6、as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 1）as 用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)

11、限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成 the same.as.，such.as.等結(jié)構(gòu)。如： I like the same sport as he does. (as 作賓語(yǔ)) Please do it in the same way as they did. (as 作狀語(yǔ)) Do you want to buy such a computer as she bought? (as 作賓語(yǔ)) 2）as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。從句說(shuō)明整個(gè)句子，可以放在句首。如： As we all know, Taiwan belongs to China from

12、the ancient time. (as 代表整個(gè)句子，作賓語(yǔ)) As is known to all, Anne is the top student in her class. (as 代表整個(gè)句子，作主語(yǔ)) English is very important, as indeed it is. (as 代表整個(gè)句子，作表語(yǔ)) 這種類似插入語(yǔ)的句式通常有：as is said above，as is already mentioned above，as is known to all，as it is，as is often the case ，as is reported in the

13、 newspaper 等。 注： 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致； 關(guān)系代詞 whom，which，that 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)或介詞的賓語(yǔ)（該介詞沒(méi)有提前）時(shí)，常常省略，但是 as 一般不能省略。 關(guān)系代詞 which 和 as 在定語(yǔ)從句中的區(qū)別是：which 不能放在句首，而 as 卻可以；在句中時(shí)，as 有"正如、就象'的含義，而 which 則無(wú)此意。 Ex.1: Choose the best answer: 1. All is needed is lots of money. A. what B. which

14、C. that D. the thing 2. I heard a terrible noise, brought my heart into my mouth. A. this B. that C. it D. which 3. After living in Malaysia for sixty years, he returned to the village he was born and grew up as a child. A. where B. when C. which D. that 4. I don"t like she speaks to her mother

15、. A. the way in that B. the way C. the way which D. the way of which 5. is known to all, China is still a country like those in the third world. A. As; developing B. It; developing C. This; developed D. That; developed 6. Who"s that beautiful girl wearing a white dress? A. who B. that"s C.

16、 whose D. whom 7. The house roof is red is being repaired. A. whose B. who"s C. which D. that 8. The reason I"m writing to you is to tell you about a picnic on Sunday. A. for B. because C. as D. why 9. Do you know the man came to see Mr. Wang this afternoon? A. who B. which C. whom D. / 10

17、. How many students are there in your class homes are in the city? A. who B. whom C. whose D. that 11. Mr. Long is a man we should learn from. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 12. This is the hill we planted more than 500 trees last year. A. where B. in where C. which D. that 13. The day is not far o

18、ff the New Year will be celebrated by us. A. where B. when C. which D. that 14. Those want to see the film please put up your hands. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 15. This is the village they visited last month. A. where B. in where C. in which D. that 16. Thats the only thing we can do now. A. w

19、hen B. who C. which D. that 17. That is the question about theyve had so much discussion. A. where B. who C. which D. that 18. They will fly to Guangzhou, they plan to stay for a week or two, and then go on to Hong Kong. A. where B. when C. which D. that 19. That is the question theyve had so much d

20、iscussion about. A. why B. who C. / D. for that 20. anyone knows, he is blind. A. Which B. As C. That D. Who 參考答案： 1-5：CDABA 6-10：BADAC 11-15：BABAD 16-20：DCACB Ex. 2: Fill in the blank with a proper word: 1. This is the book were looking for. 2. Those behave and study well are praised and rewarded.

21、3. Have you anything in mind youd like to do this weekend? 4. We took Miss Ye to the waiting room, we had a short rest. 5. There are 16o teachers in our school, about 60% of are women teachers. 6. Oct. 1 st , 1949 is the day New China was founded. 7. May 4 th is a day Ill never forget in my life. 8. Thats the place Ba Jing once worked and lived. 9. Thats the farm they visited last year. 10. This is the finest film Ive seen this year. 11.