中考英語(yǔ)介詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講大全

1、中考英語(yǔ)介詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講大全I(xiàn). 介詞的概念 介詞是一種用來(lái)表示詞與詞, 詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞。在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分。介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類，短語(yǔ)或從句作它的賓語(yǔ)。介詞和它的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成介詞詞組，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)。 II. 牢記口訣 介詞口訣：自從以當(dāng)為按照，由于對(duì)于為了到；和跟把比在關(guān)于，除了同對(duì)向往朝；用在名詞代詞前，修飾動(dòng)形要記牢。 III. 介詞歸類大全 一、表示地理位置的介詞： (1)at ,in, on, to at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在附近，旁邊” in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在范圍之內(nèi)”。 on 表示毗鄰，接壤

2、 to 表示在范圍外，不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否接壤 例句：He arrived at the station at ten. He is sitting at the desk. He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. Jiangsu lies in the east of China. Russia lies on the north of China. Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province. (2)above, over, on 在上 above 指在上方,不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否垂直，與 below相對(duì)； over指垂直的上方,與under

3、相對(duì),但over與物體有一定的空間，不直接接觸。 on表示某物體上面并與之接觸。 例句：The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the desk. (3)below, under 在下面 under表示在正下方 below表示在下，不一定在正下方 例句 There is a cat under the table. Please write your name below the line. 二、表示時(shí)間的介詞： (1)in , on，at 在時(shí) in表示較長(zhǎng)

4、時(shí)間，如世紀(jì)、朝代、時(shí)代、年、季節(jié)、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。 如：in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night, in ones life , in ones thirties等。 on表示具體某一天及某一天的早、中、晚。 如：on May 1st, on Monday, on New Years Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等

5、。 at表示某一時(shí)刻或較短暫的時(shí)間，或泛指圣誕節(jié)，復(fù)活節(jié)等。 如: at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of , at the age of , at Christmas， at night, at noon, at this moment等。 注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等詞之前一律不用介詞。如：We meet every day. (2)in, after 在之后 “in +段時(shí)間”表示將來(lái)的一段時(shí)間以后； “after+段時(shí)間”表示過(guò)去的一段時(shí)間以

6、后； “after+將來(lái)點(diǎn)時(shí)間”表示將來(lái)的某一時(shí)刻以后。 例句：My mother will come back in three or four days. He arrived after five months. She will appear after five oclock this afternoon. (3)from, since 自從 from僅說(shuō)明什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始，不說(shuō)明某動(dòng)作或情況持續(xù)多久； since表示某動(dòng)作或情況持續(xù)至說(shuō)話時(shí)刻，通常與完成時(shí)連用。 例句：He studied the piano from the age of three. They have lived

7、 here since 1978. (4)after, behind 在之后 after主要用于表示時(shí)間； behind主要用于表示位置。 例句：We shall leave after lunch. Lucy is hiding behind an old house.三、表運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的介詞： across, through 通過(guò)，穿過(guò) across表示橫過(guò),即從物體表面通過(guò)，與on有關(guān)； through穿過(guò),即從物體內(nèi)部穿過(guò)，與in有關(guān)。 例句：She swam across the river. He walked through the forest. 四、表示“在之間”的介詞： bet

8、ween, among between指在兩個(gè)人或兩個(gè)事物之間； among指在三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物之間。 例句：There is a football match between Class One and Class Two on the playground. The teacher is standing among the students. 五、表示其他意義的介詞： (1)on ,about 關(guān)于 on 表示這本書(shū)，這篇文章或演說(shuō)是嚴(yán)肅的，或?qū)W術(shù)性的，可供專門研究這一問(wèn)題的人閱讀； about表示內(nèi)容較為普通，不那么正式。 例句：There will be a lecture

9、on economics this afternoon. He is writing a book on cooking. He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation. (2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具 by 以方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具； with 表示用 工具、手段，一般接具體的工具和手段； in 表示用方式，用語(yǔ)言(語(yǔ)調(diào)、筆墨、顏色)等； 例句：He makes a living by selling newspapers. He broke the window with a stone. The

10、foreigner spoke to us in English. (3)except, besides 除了 except 除之外，不包括在內(nèi)； besides 除之外，包括在內(nèi)。 例句：Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生沒(méi)去) Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)介詞單項(xiàng)選擇題專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練100題及答案鞏固練習(xí)： 1. Taiwan is _ the southeast of China.（in, on, to） 2. Go _ the bridge _ the r

11、iver, youll find the shop.（across, through; over, above） 3. I go to school _7:30 every morning.（in, on, at） 4. He would like to meet her _8:00 and 9:00 tomorrow morning.（between, among ） 5. The Greens have lived in China _ three years.（in, for, after） 6. We go to school every day _ Saturday and Sund

12、ay.（except, besides） 7. He wrote the letter _ ink.（by, with ,in） 8. She returned to her country _five years.（in, after, for） 9. There is a big tree _ our classroom.（after, behind） 10. I usually go to work _ bike.（by, on, with）其他其它常用介詞 介詞在英語(yǔ)詞匯中所占比例很小，但它們的用法卻非常靈活,復(fù)雜。下列為常用介詞及含義： about 關(guān)于,附近,大約,周圍,隨身. I

13、 have bought a book about Shakespearean. 我買了一本有關(guān)莎士比亞的書(shū)。 There are about fifteen trees in the picture. 圖片里大約有十五棵樹(shù)。 above 在.上,高出,以上,超過(guò),在.上游. The plane is flying above the clouds. 飛機(jī)在云上飛行。 I think the man is above sixty years old. 我想那人有六十多歲了。 across 橫過(guò),對(duì)面,交叉,在.的對(duì)面. Can you swim across the river？ 你能游過(guò)河嗎

14、？ We live across the street. 我們住在街的對(duì)面。 after 在.后面,依照. He went home after school. 他放學(xué)后就回家了。 Read after me, please. 請(qǐng)跟我朗讀。 against 撞到，靠著,反對(duì),違背, The car hit against the tree. 汽車撞了樹(shù)。 He is standing against the wall. 他靠墻站著。 along 沿著,順著. They are walking along the river. 他們沿著河行走。 among 在.當(dāng)中. He is the tal

15、lest among them. 他是他們當(dāng)中個(gè)子最高的。 around 在.的周圍,在.那一邊. They sat around the table talking the news. 他們繞桌而坐談?wù)撔侣劇?There is a drugstore around the corner. 拐角處有一家藥店。 as 作為. He doesn't like people treat him as a child. 他不喜歡人們把他當(dāng)小孩子對(duì)待。 at 在.時(shí)刻,在.點(diǎn)鐘,在.歲時(shí), 向，在.之中，按.速度,值(賣).錢, He always gets up at six in the m

16、orning. 他時(shí)常早上六點(diǎn)鐘起床。 He shot at the bird but missed it. 他向鳥(niǎo)射擊，但是沒(méi)射中。 The car goes at eighty miles an hour. 汽車以每小時(shí)八十公里的速度行駛。 before 在.的前面(位置),在.之前(時(shí)間) He took a picture before the car. 他在汽車前照了張照片。 He can't finish his work before supper. 晚飯前他完不成工作。 behind 在.的后面(位置), 落后于，不如， 遲于,晚于(時(shí)間) Are there any

17、brooms behind the door. 門后有掃帚嗎？ All of us are behind him in mathematics. 我們數(shù)學(xué)都不如他。 below 在.之下,低于, There are four lights below the ceiling. 天花板下面有四盞燈。 The murderer run away below the police's eyes. 殺人犯從警察眼皮底下跑了。 beside 在.的旁邊,在.之外,與.相比. He found the body beside the river. 他在河邊發(fā)現(xiàn)了尸體。 Beside yours，

18、my computer is too slow. 與你的計(jì)算機(jī)速度相比，我的就慢多了。 besides 除.之外, We are all here besides Bowe. 除鮑外，我們也都來(lái)了。 between 在.兩者之間, The relations between the two countries has improved since then. 兩國(guó)的關(guān)系從那以后得到了改善。 beyond 在.那邊, The shop you are looking for is beyond the street, you can't miss it. 你要找的商店在街的那邊，你不會(huì)找

19、不到的。 but 除去. He has nothing but money. 他除錢以外什么都沒(méi)有。 by 被., 在.的近旁 , 在.之前, 不遲于, 以.為手段。 The classroom was cleaned by the students. 教室由學(xué)生們打掃干凈了。 Miss Lucy came to China by air. 露西小姐是乘飛機(jī)來(lái)中國(guó)的。 down 沿著.望下。 She walked down the street. 她沿著街道走。 during 在.期間,在.時(shí)候。 During the holiday, we went to the south. 我們假期去了

20、南方。 except 除.之外。 He knows nothing except English. 他除英語(yǔ)以外什么都不知道。 for 為., 因?yàn)?, 至于. 。 He works for this company. 他為這家公司工作。 She came back to the classroom for she had left her books in the classroom. 她返回到教室是因?yàn)榘褧?shū)留在了那里。 from 從., 來(lái)自., 因?yàn)?。 Where are you from? 你是哪里人？ He died from an accident. 他死于一場(chǎng)事故。 in 在.

21、, 在.之內(nèi)，從事于., 按照., 穿著.。 He was born in 1992. 他生于1992年。 I could finish the program in two weeks. 我可以用兩周時(shí)間完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。 He spend less time in reading. 他讀書(shū)時(shí)間很少。 The man in black jacket is our teacher. 穿黑夾克的那個(gè)人是我們的老師。 like 象.，如同.。 The twins are like their father. 雙胞胎像他們的父親。 near 靠近.。 There are some flowers nea

22、r the house. 房子附近有一些花。 of .的，屬于.。 This is a map of China. 這是一張中國(guó)地圖。 off 離開(kāi).，在.之外。 The young man got off the train quickly. 那個(gè)年青人很快下了火車。 I live in a village a little way off the main road. 我住在離大路不遠(yuǎn)的一個(gè)村莊里。 on 在.之上。 My book is on the table. 我的書(shū)在桌子上。 out of 從.出來(lái)，在.之外。 The dog run out of the house. 狗從房子里

23、跑出來(lái)。 outside . 外邊. They are waiting outside the gate. 他們?cè)陂T外等著。 over 在.之上，遍于.之上，越過(guò).。 There is a light over the desk. 桌子上方有盞燈。 He is over sixty years old. 他有六十多歲。 past 越過(guò).，過(guò).，超越.。 The students walked past the post office. 學(xué)生們走過(guò)了郵局。 It is ten past two. 現(xiàn)在是兩點(diǎn)十分。 round 圍著.，繞過(guò).，在.周圍。 We sat round the table. 我們圍著桌子坐下。 The earth goes round the sun. 地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。 since 自. 以后，自.以來(lái)。 He has made great progress in English since he came into the college. 從他來(lái)到大學(xué)后，他的英語(yǔ)有了很大進(jìn)步。 through 經(jīng)過(guò).，穿過(guò).。 They went through the forest. 他們穿過(guò)了森林。 throughout 遍及.，在各處。 The police searched for the criminal throughout the mo