定語從句 (2)

1、定 語 從 句 教 案一、教學(xué)目標   通過本章復(fù)習(xí), 使學(xué)生明白定語從句的構(gòu)成和用法。二、教學(xué)重點和難點   限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別；關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的不同；介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句；關(guān)系代詞who, that, which的用法區(qū)別。定語從句與同位語從句及其一些句子結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別。三、教學(xué)方法   Teacher1什么是定語從句?2被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。連接先行詞與定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞叫關(guān)系詞，其中 which, that, who, whom, whose 這些詞叫關(guān)系代詞，它們在

2、句中用來指人或事物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，whom 只能作賓語。作賓語時，關(guān)系代詞可省略。而 when, where, why 這些詞是關(guān)系副詞，他們在句子中用來作狀語。（請同學(xué)們根據(jù)以上所述, 給出一些例句, 用來說明。）3以上關(guān)系代詞在使用時也是有很多區(qū)別的。（請同學(xué)們看下面的句子, 然后說出使用關(guān)系代詞 that 的原因。）AAll that is worth doing should be done well.BThe only thing that she could do was to ask the police for help.CWe will never forget

3、the first lesson that our English teacher gave us.DWhat is the smallest thing that can be seen under a microscope?EThe visitors spoke highly of the children and the performances that they saw.FWho is the person that let out the secret?4下面講一下只能用關(guān)系代詞 which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句。A在非限制性定語從句中, 指物時只能用 which 不能用 that。B在

4、定語從句中, 介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句指物時, 只能用 which 不能用 that。   （請同學(xué)們給出上面兩種情況的例句。）5對于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)賓語從句, 如何選介詞這個問題, 可歸納為下面幾點：A根據(jù)賓語從句謂語動詞的習(xí)慣搭配。如：Do you know the man with whom you just shook hands?   （句中的 with 來自習(xí)慣搭配 shake hands with）B由先行詞來決定。如： I'll never forget the day on which I joined the Part

5、y.C由句子表達的全部意義來確定。如：Water is very important for us without which we can't live.6有下面兩種情況：A先行詞 all, any 和 a few 指人時, 如：   Any who breaks the law will be punished.B先行詞是 this, that, those 或 these 且指人時。   Those who hadn't bought the ticket for the train crowded in the waiting h

6、all.7請看下面句子, 然后分析一下：AThe engineer whose son is in America is very kind.BLook at the house whose roof is red.8請看下面句子, 然后分析一下：AI'll go to any place where people need me.BI still remember the day when I joined the army.CI don't know the reason why he was late.9那么, 表示地點、時間的名詞后面都被關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句所修飾嗎？

7、10我們知道 as 也可作為關(guān)系代詞, 引導(dǎo)定語從句, 包括非限制性定語從句和限制性定語從句, 井且多與 such, the same as 并用。 （請同學(xué)們翻譯下列的句子。）A我們知道, 指南針最早是中國人發(fā)明的。B這支鋼筆和我昨天丟的那支很相似。C他們今年生產(chǎn)的鋼和去年一樣多。D我們應(yīng)該和這樣的熱心、勤奮的人交朋友。   Students1在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。連接先行詞與定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞叫關(guān)系詞，其中 which, that, who, whom 這些詞叫關(guān)系代詞，它們在句中用來指人或事物，在定語從句中作主語

8、或賓語，whom 只能作賓語。作賓語時，關(guān)系代詞可省略。2AHere is the pen that you lost yesterday. （that 用來指物, 在從句中作賓語, 可以省略掉, that 也可用 which 代替。）BThe girl who told me the news is not here now. （who 用來指人, 在從句中作主語, that 可以代替 who 用來指人。）CThe woman who / whom / that you saw in the park is our English teacher. （whom 只能用來指人, 只能作賓語,

9、在從句中可以省略。）3剛才所說的6個句子的賓語從句, 關(guān)系代詞只能用 that 而不能用其他關(guān)系代詞, 下面逐個分類分析：A先行詞是 all, much, little, none, the one 或由 no-, any-, every- 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞時。B先行詞被 all, every, some, little, much, the only, the very 等修飾時。C先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞限定時。D先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。E先行詞同時包含人和事物時。F當主句是 who 或 which 開頭的特殊疑問句時, 為避免重復(fù), 習(xí)慣上多用 that。4AShe heard a t

10、errible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.   非限制性定語從句與主句用逗號隔開, 非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)詞不用that。BThe games in which the young men competed were difficult.   介詞in也可以放在定語從句謂語動詞之后, 關(guān)系代詞which或that可省略。5定語從句中, “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句。關(guān)系詞前選什么樣的介詞對我們來說有時束手無策, 希望老師能夠歸納出幾點巧妙的判斷規(guī)律。6When shall we use t

11、he relative pronoun“who”and“whom”?7這兩句中的定語從句都是由 whose 引導(dǎo)的, 在從句中 whose 只能作定語。   A 句中 whose 修飾人。   B 句中 whose 修飾物, 這個句子相當于：Look at the house the roof of which is red. 或：Look at the house with a red roof.8這三個句子中, 所含的定語從句都是由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的。Awhere 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾一個表地點的名詞, where 本身作從句中謂語的地點狀語, 這時, w

12、here 可由介詞 to + which 來替代。Bwhen 引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾一個表示時間的名詞, when 在從句中作時間狀語, when 可用介詞 onwhich 來替代。Cwhy 引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾一個表示原因的名詞, why 在從句中作原因狀語。why 可用介詞 for + which 來替代。   從以上三個句子來看, 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句, 一般情況下, 都可用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”來替換關(guān)系副詞。9不一定。如果表地點或表時間的名詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語, 就不能用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句, 而應(yīng)由相應(yīng)的關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)。如：AMike is studying in a school that/which was built in 1928BThose days that / which we spent with Mary were wonderful.10 AAs is known to all, the compass was first made in Ch