定語從句語法講解+含習(xí)題含答案

1、定語從句一、知識點(diǎn)梳理充當(dāng)定語修飾名詞或代詞的從句稱為 定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞稱為 先行詞。定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后，由一定的連接詞引導(dǎo)，連接詞 稱為關(guān)系代詞（which,that,as,whom,who,whose ）或關(guān)系副詞（whe n, where,why）1、限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句限定性定語從句起對先行詞進(jìn)行限定、區(qū)分的作用。若去掉易產(chǎn)生歧義或使主句 意義不明確。（此類定語從句前后沒有逗號）【eg】 The dress that my mother bought for meis very beautiful. 我媽媽給我買的裙子很漂亮。非限定性定語從句與

2、先行詞之間的關(guān)系比較松散，只對先行詞起說明和描述的作用。 若省去，剩余部分意義仍然完整，表達(dá)清楚。 （此類定語從句前后用 逗號隔開）【eg】 Your writ ings, which every one admires , are verymarvelous.你的作品人人欣賞，實(shí)在是太了不起了。Shakespeare , whose plays are popular , was a great writer.莎士比亞是個(gè)偉大的作家，他的劇作很受歡迎。某些情況下，一個(gè)定語從句既可以作限定性定語從句，又可以作為非限定性定語從句，但二者含義有差別?！緀g】 There are ten cars

3、here which are made in China.這里有十輛中國制造的車。（這里可能還有其他的車）There are ten cars here , which are made in Chi na.這里有十輛車，它們都是中國制造的。（這里只有十輛車）that和why一般不引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，其他引導(dǎo)限定性定語 從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞都可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句?！緀g】 Myelder brother , who is an engineer , is working abroad. 我的哥哥在國外工作，他是一個(gè)工程師。Last year , I visited Quanzhou,

4、 which is a beautiful city in Fujia n Provi nee.去年我游覽了泉州，它是福建省一個(gè)漂亮的城市2、關(guān)系代詞的使用指代對象人事物人+事物主格who/thatwhich/thatthat賓格whom/thatwhich/thatthat所有格whosewhose/of whichwhich和that指物 which和that引導(dǎo)的限定性定語從句表事物，可以在定語從句中做主語或賓語。當(dāng)他們在賓語從句中做賓語時(shí)，that和which?？梢允÷??！緀g】 We must respect the custom here that has existed for

5、hun dreds of years.我們必須尊重這里存在了數(shù)百年的習(xí)俗。(做主語)This is the book (that / which) I want to buy.這就是我想買的那本書。(做buy的賓語)多數(shù)情況下，that和which可以通用。 在下列幾種情況下，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞多用 that，不用或 少用which。a先行詞前有形容詞的最高級、序數(shù)詞或the only , the very , thelast等表絕對意義的詞作修飾語?！緀g】 This is the oldest tree that exists in the world.這是世界上現(xiàn)存最老的一棵樹。Th

6、e only thing ( that ) he is interested in is collecting stamps.他唯一感興趣的事就是集郵。b 先行詞為不定代詞( anything , nothing , everything) 或被little , few , much, any , no等修飾【eg】 All the songs ( that ) he sang are very popular here.他唱的所有的歌在這兒都很流行。Everythi ng that should be done has bee n don e. 一切應(yīng)該做的事情都已經(jīng)做了。若先行詞是some

7、thing，定語從句用that 和which都可以。c先行詞既包括人又包括物【eg】 They talked of people and things ( that ) they remembered in En gla nd.他們談起了記憶中在英國的人和事。d當(dāng)句中已有wh-疑問句，有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，用that引導(dǎo)定語從句而不用which。 在下列幾種情況下，一般使用 which引導(dǎo)定語從句而不用that. a引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句【eg】 China , which is the third largest country in the world , is play ing an impo

8、rta nt part in the world affairs.中國是世界上第三大國家，它在國際事務(wù)中起著重要的作用。 b that和which在從句中作介詞的賓語。介詞可以放在句末也可以提到關(guān)系代詞前面。介詞放在句末時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用that和which，也可省略。介詞提前到關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用which不能用that ，且which不 可省?！緀g】 A bottle opener is a tool ( which / that ) bottles are ope ned with.=A bottle opener is a tool with which bottles are ope

9、ned. 開瓶器是一種用來開啟瓶子的工具。c當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面有插入語。【eg】I have received the invitation to your wedding which , as I have told you , made me very glad.我已經(jīng)收到你的婚禮請柬。這個(gè)邀請，正如我所告訴你的，使 我感到萬分榮幸。d若先行詞是that，則用which引導(dǎo)定語從句。(that which 的結(jié)構(gòu)通常出現(xiàn)在諺語中)【eg】 That which is evil is soon learned.壞事易學(xué)。先行詞是way時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有三種形式:in which/ th

10、at 或不用引導(dǎo)詞?！緀g】 The way he speaks is unique.=The way that he speaks is uniq ue.=The way in which he speaks is uniq ue.他說話的方式很奇特。who,whom和that指人 who和that在從句中既可做主語又可做賓語who m在從句中只可用做賓語。當(dāng)who , whom和that在從句中做賓語時(shí)，可以省略。【eg】 Do you know the girl who / that is talking with John over there?你認(rèn)識在那邊和John說話的那個(gè)女孩嗎？

11、The man (who / whom / that ) you have just talked withis our teacher.岡"才和你說話的那個(gè)是我們的老師。 who , whom , that在從句中都可作介詞的賓語。介詞可位于句末也可提到關(guān)系代詞前。介詞位于句末時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用 who , whom或that，也可省略。介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用whom不能用that和who,并且whom 不可省。(注意與2/b類比)【eg】 The man ( who / whom / that ) you have just talked withis our teacher

12、.=The man with whom you have just talked is our teacher.剛才和你說話的那個(gè)人是我們的老師。whose指人或指物，充當(dāng)名詞的修飾語，表示所屬關(guān)系“whose+名詞”二“名詞+ of which ”二者意思相同，可互換?！緀g】 Look at the house whose windows are round.二Look at the house the win dows of which are round.看那座窗戶是圓形的房子。as引導(dǎo)的定語從句 先行詞有such或the same修飾，或者在as/so , as的結(jié)構(gòu)中，都可用as做

13、關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句?！緀g】I want to buy the same pen as you are using.我想買一支和你用的那支一樣的筆。He used such expressi ons as he could find in the texts.他使用在課文中可以找到的那些詞語。當(dāng)the same修飾先行詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞既可以用as也可用that。區(qū)別：that引導(dǎo)的定語從句表示它所表述的事物與先行詞是同一個(gè)。as既可以表示“同一個(gè)”又可以表示“同類”?！緀g】 This is the same book that I have lost.這就是我丟失的那本

14、書。This is the same book as I have lost.這本書和我丟失的那本一模一樣。 as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，修飾的是前面的整個(gè)句子。which也有這種用法，兩者在大部分情況下可互換?！緀g】 Shehas just cried , as / which I could see from her swolleneyes.她剛剛哭過，我從她紅腫的眼睛就可以看出。As is known to all , China is the third largest countryin the world.眾所周知，中國是世界上第三大繁榮國家。which引導(dǎo)

15、非限定性定語從句和引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別： a which從句只能放在句末，而 as從句可位于句首、句中、句末?！緀g】 Mark Twain , as we all know , is a great writer.眾所周知，馬克？吐溫是一位偉大的作家。b當(dāng)主句是否定句時(shí)，as不能用which來替換。as從句所修飾的范 圍并不包括主句的否定意義?！緀g】 Spiders are not in sects , as many people thi nk.蜘蛛并非像許多人所想的那樣是昆蟲。3、關(guān)系副詞 when , where , why 的使用關(guān)系副詞where , when , why

16、 在從句中分別做地點(diǎn)狀語、時(shí)間狀語 和原因狀語。他們經(jīng)?？梢杂谩敖樵~ + which ”來替代when可替換為on / at / in / during + which ,在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語?！緀g】I still remember the day when / on which we first met.我還記得我們初次見面的那一天。Do you still remember the summer vacati on whe n / duri ng which we visited a lot of places in Beiji ng?你還記得我們在北京游覽了很多地方的那個(gè)暑假嗎？wh

17、ere 可替換為at / in / to + which，在定語從句中跟在表地點(diǎn)的名詞后面做地點(diǎn)狀語?！緀g】 That is the school where / at which I used to study.那就是我過去學(xué)習(xí)過的學(xué)校。Th ink of a place where / to which we can go for a swim.想一個(gè)我們可以去游泳的地方。why可替換為for which，引導(dǎo)先行詞為reason的定語從句，表示原因?！緀g】 This is the reason why / for which he was late.這就是他遲到的原因。 關(guān)系副詞wh

18、en , where , why引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)一般可用that替換，也可省略?！緀g】 She is always busy working from the time ( when / that )she gets up in the morning till the time ( whe n / that )she goes to bed.她總是很忙，從早上起床一直到上床睡覺，她都在工作。That is the place ( where / that ) I went before.那就是我們從前去過的地方。Do you know the reason ( why / that ) he

19、 left the company? 你知道他離開公司的原因嗎？、例題1、()The floodoverflowedthe riverbanks,frequentlyhappened in thatarea.A as itB whichC itD such2、()This is the best novelwe have read in rece nt years.A whichB thatC asD so3、()Allis a large sum of mon ey.A what is n eededB that is n eededC the thing n eededD for thei

20、r n eeds4、()Read thetext a second time and you will probably know what the principlea hovercraft works.A is on thatB has on whichC is on whichD on which5、()The wayhe gives his performances is appreciated by his fans.Which of the followi ngs is wrong?A / B which C in which D that6、()Myassistant , car

21、efully read through the instructions before doingthe experime nt , did not get satisfactory results.A who thoughtB even whoC who hadD who havi ng7、()In the dark streets,therewas not a singlepersonshe couldturnfor help.A thatB whoC from whomD to whom8、( )The n eighbourhoodfactory ,workers are all wom

22、en,turns outtoysof fine quality.B whichC whoseD whe nA there9、 （） He is such an outstandingleader is loved by the people throughoutthe coun try.A asB thatC whichD who10、（） The can opener is easy to handle ,is shown in the picture.A as itB asC thatD since11、（） Everything was quite all right one daysh

23、e got into trouble.A not un til ; whe nB un til ; beforeC not un til ; beforeD un til ; whe n12、（） A fast food restaura nt is theplaceeati ng is performed quickly.A whichB whereC thereD what,just as the name suggests ,13、（） The plane was delayedwas that the weather was terrible.A the reas on whyC th

24、e reas on of itB the reas on for itD the reas on for which14、（） Do not let the child who isswim in rivers.A not old eno ughB too young toC not old eno ugh toD young eno ugh to15、（） I think you have got to the point ,a change is needed , otherwiseyou will fail.A whe nB thatC whereD which三、鞏固練習(xí)1、（） Is

25、 this uni versitythey paid a visit to last mon th?A whichB whereC the one D which you2、 （） I will never forget the dayswe spent together in the village.A /B whe nC whatD how3、（） is mentioned above , the number of the students in senior highschools is in creas ing.A WhichB AsC ThatD It4、（） I was late

26、 for school this morning because of the traffic jamIwas caught.A whichB whereC in whichD whe n5、()Has everyth ingcan be donedone?A / ; /B/;beenC that ; bee nD that ; be6、 () Can you find me something?A to ope n the tinB that I can ope n the tinC I can ope n the tin withD by which to ope n the tin7、 () Water dissolves a part of n early everythi ngit comes in con tact.A whereB with which C t