How long have you been collecting shells課件1

1、 Unit 6Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時1。表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成。表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成 的的影響影響或或結(jié)果結(jié)果,動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束例如例如 I have just cleaned my hands. 我剛洗過手。我剛洗過手。 （“洗手洗手”是發(fā)生在過去的動作，是發(fā)生在過去的動作， 對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“手干凈了手干凈了”） I have just had my breakfast. (對現(xiàn)在的影響：不餓對現(xiàn)在的影響：不餓)現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的構(gòu)成；現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的構(gòu)

2、成；have/has + done 過去分詞過去分詞的構(gòu)成的構(gòu)成(1)規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞和它的過去式相同規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞和它的過去式相同,即在原形后加即在原形后加ed（以（以e 結(jié)尾結(jié)尾的加的加d）work- worked arrive- arrived clean- cleaned live - livedgreet - greeted like - likedenjoy- enjoyed believe - believed（2. ）以以y結(jié)尾的結(jié)尾的改改y為為i+ed study- studied try-tried carry-carried hurry-hurried copy-c

3、opied worry-worried（3.）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的雙寫最后一個字母雙寫最后一個字母ed stop-stopped drag-dragged beg-begged drop-dropped prefer-preferred plan-planned（3） 動詞過去分詞的變化形式大部分與動詞過去分詞的變化形式大部分與動詞過去式形式相同，但是動詞過去式形式相同，但是不規(guī)則動詞不規(guī)則動詞的的變化形式?jīng)]有規(guī)律，需要記憶，比如：變化形式?jīng)]有規(guī)律，需要記憶，比如：see-saw-seen; be-was, were-beeneat-ate-eaten; break-broke

4、-brokengo-went-gone; take-took-takensend-sent-sent; find-found-foundmake-made-made; have-had-had 2 現(xiàn)在完成時有一些標(biāo)志性的時間狀語：現(xiàn)在完成時有一些標(biāo)志性的時間狀語： just（剛剛），already（已經(jīng)），ever（曾經(jīng)）， , yet（仍然）， before（以前） once（一次） twice（兩次）， never（從來沒有） many times（很多次），how many times（多少次）， so far（迄今為止）， during the past（last）three yea

5、rs（最近三年來）（最近三年來） lately(近來, 最近)，recently,(最近) up to now(到目前為止)， till now，(到現(xiàn)在為止, ) these days,(現(xiàn)在, 目前)等連用。1.just常用于肯定句中，放在常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后后 He has just come .2.never表示否定表示否定, 放在放在have / has后后, He has never visited the Great Wall.3.ever用于疑問句中用于疑問句中,句型為句型為: Have / Has主語主語ever 過去分詞？過去分詞？“曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)過嗎？過嗎

6、？”用于詢問某人過去歷。用于詢問某人過去歷。 Have you ever been to the farm？例如：一些常用的時間狀語的用法：例如：一些常用的時間狀語的用法：4. beforebefore用于句末用于句末. . The woman has nevernever heard of that before.5. yet 用于句末或用于句末或not 之后之后. Has the train arrived yetyet? No,not yetyet.6. alreadyalready用于肯定句用于肯定句, have / has 之后或句末之后或句末. We have alreadyalr

7、eady finished it.7. soso farfar用于句首或句末用于句首或句末. SoSo farfar, we have visited the moon. 選詞填空選詞填空 1.Have you done your homework_? (for , just , yet) 2.I have_been to Chengdu. (ever , never , yet) 3.He has_washed the dishes. (already , ever , for) 4.He has worked there_he left school. (already , just ,

8、since) 5.Have you cleaned your room_? (for , just , yet) yet never already since yet 6.She has known Sam_ nine years. (for , never , since) 7.They have_arrived. (ever , just , yet) 8.Have you_ ridden a horse? (ever , for , yet) 9.She has known Fred_ they were at primary school. (already , just , sin

9、ce) 10.We have not completed the project_. (already , for , yet) for just ever since yetfor+一段一段 (動詞是延續(xù)性的）動詞是延續(xù)性的）1.I have lived here for a long time.2.She has studied English for 5 years.since+表示過去的時間單詞或句子表示過去的時間單詞或句子1.Mick has studied English since 1995.2.We have lived here since we were children.

10、3.They have known each other since they moved here in 1980.How long 表示多長時間，多久。表示多長時間，多久。How long have you worked in the factory? Ive worked in the factory for 3 years.2. How long have you been skating?1. I have been skating for five hours.選用選用forfor和和sincesince填空填空: :1.We havent seen each other _ a

11、long time.1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came

12、 to China.China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.6. Its five years _ we met last time.forforsincesinceforforsincesinceforforsincesince 都表示去某地都表示去某地 have been to ,have gone to, have been in have be

13、en to ,have gone to, have been in 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 have /has been to意為意為“曾經(jīng)去過某地曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已不在那里了，常與，現(xiàn)在已不在那里了，常與ever,just,never等詞連用。其后可接等詞連用。其后可接once,twice等表示次數(shù)的詞。如：等表示次數(shù)的詞。如： 1) He has just been to the library。 2) They have never been to the Great Wall。 3) I have been to Beijing many times。 have/has gone to意為意

14、為“到某地去了到某地去了”，說話時作句子主語的人不在現(xiàn)，說話時作句子主語的人不在現(xiàn)場，通常是第三人稱作句子的主語。如：場，通常是第三人稱作句子的主語。如： 1) Where is Tom? He has gone to the post office。 2) Mr Green isnt here。He has gone to Shanghai。 have been in have been in have been in意為意為“在某地呆了多長時間在某地呆了多長時間,到到 來來 “(come(come的延續(xù)性動詞的延續(xù)性動詞) )、His parents have been in China

15、for three months。 用用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.Where _ you _ these days?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days.Where is Peter? I dont know where he

16、_.7. Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been容易出錯的句子容易出錯的句子A. been B .been to C .been in D. gone to1. Where is Tom? He has _ Beijing.2.Have you ever _ London? No, never.3.How long have you _ Qingdao? For 10 years. 4.How man

17、y times have they _ China? Twice, maybe5.Where have you just _?6.-I havent seen Mike for ten days.-He has _ Tokyo.7.Our Chinese teacher has _ this city since 11 years ago.DBCBADC構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成： 助動詞助動詞have has +主語主語+動詞過去分詞動詞過去分詞A: 肯定式 I / We / You / They have worked for 20 years. He / She / It has worked for

18、20 years. B.否定式 I / We / You / They have not worked for 20 years. He / She / It has not worked for 20 years.C.疑問式 Have I / we / you / they worked for 20 years? Has he / she / it worked for 20 years? They have already arrived at the airport. 2)She has lived in Beijing since 2000.They havent arrived a

19、t the airport yet.Have they arrived at the airport yet?Yes, they have.No, they havent.She hasnt lived in Beijing since 2000.Has she lived in Beijing since 2000?Yes, she has.No, she hasnt.4。 短暫性動詞不能和短暫性動詞不能和for, since 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用必須改成延續(xù)性動詞連用必須改成延續(xù)性動詞短暫性動詞短暫性動詞變變延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞最常見的有：最常見的有：buy-have, bor

20、row-keep, leave-be away (from) die-be dead, open-be open, close-be closed, come-be here/be in begin/start-be on put on-wear catch a cold-have a cold I have bought this watch for five years. (W)I have bought this watch. (R)舉例：舉例：1.1.我買了這塊手表五年了。我買了這塊手表五年了。2.2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。 I I have boughtha

21、ve bought this watch for five years. this watch for five years. I I have hadhave had this watch this watch forfor five years/ five years/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.ago. The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years. for ten years. The old man The old man has been deadhas been dead forfo

22、r ten years/ ten years/sincesince 10 10 years years agoago. .WW3.3.他已經(jīng)回來三天了。他已經(jīng)回來三天了。4.4.自從六點鐘他就來這兒了。自從六點鐘他就來這兒了。5.5.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。 He He has come backhas come back for 3 days. for 3 days. He He has been backhas been back forfor 3 days/ 3 days/sincesince 3 days 3 days agoago. . He He has come

23、herehas come here since 6 oclock. since 6 oclock. He He has been herehas been here since 6 oclock. since 6 oclock. I I have lefthave left hometown for 10 years. hometown for 10 years. I I have been away fromhave been away from hometown for 10 years. hometown for 10 years.WWW現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 5. 非延續(xù)性動詞還可以有以

24、下用法非延續(xù)性動詞還可以有以下用法 可以可以 用句型用句型:It is + 時間的段時間的段 + since從句從句 (從句中的謂語動詞是終止性動詞從句中的謂語動詞是終止性動詞) a. 這部車我買了三年了這部車我買了三年了. b. 他離家兩個星期了他離家兩個星期了. c. 他入伍六年了他入伍六年了.a. It is three years since I bought the car.b. It is two weeks since he left home.c. It is six years since he joined the army. I learned ten English s

25、ongs (說明過去學(xué)過,現(xiàn)在是否記得,不是本句的 內(nèi)容） I have learnt ten English songs.（learn發(fā)生在過去,但強調(diào)我現(xiàn)在懂英語歌曲) I cleaned the blackboard half an hour ago（只說明“擦”和其發(fā)生的時間) I have cleaned the blackboard. （說明現(xiàn)在黑板是干凈的） The teacher has written some new words on the blackboard（黑板上現(xiàn)在有單詞） The teacher wrote some new words on the black

26、board（可能黑板上現(xiàn)在沒有單詞）動詞填空：動詞填空：1._ you _(clean) the room?1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago. We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When

27、_ he _(see) it? When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there? 3. How many times _you_(be) there? Once. Once.HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave donehave donediddiddododiddidHasHasseenseendiddidseeseesawsawhavehavebeenbeen4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its inter

28、esting.4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(develop) 6. So far, many countries _(develop) th

29、eir software programs. their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr chen _(give) up smoking since last year.8.Mr chen _(give) up smoking since last year.have readhave readhas gonehas gonediddidgogowentwenthave developedhave developedgavegav

30、ehas givenhas given Daniel現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時2009 Senior I2009 Senior I He _ football regularly for many years when he was young. （2008天津卷）天津卷） A. was playing B. played C. has played D. had played2. -You speak very good French! Thanks. I _ French in Sichuan University for four years.（ 2009四川卷四川卷) A. studied

31、B. study C. was studying D. had studied *注意點一：注意點一： 句中有時間的段未必要用現(xiàn)在完成時句中有時間的段未必要用現(xiàn)在完成時.BA現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時Right or Wrong？He has left home.He has left home for 20 days. I have bought the car for three years.I have received his letter for a month.I havent received his letter for a month.*注意點二注意點二: 終止性動詞有完成時終止性

32、動詞有完成時,但不能帶時間但不能帶時間 的段的段.非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。的狀語連用。（）（）（）（）（）2. -What is the price of petrol these days -Oh, it _ sharply since last month. (09江西卷江西卷) A. is raised B. has risen C. has arisen D. is increased3. I like these English songs and they _many times on the radio. （20

33、08安徽卷）安徽卷） A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taughtBD So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. （2008福建卷）福建卷） A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen D用所給動詞的恰當(dāng)時態(tài)填空用所給動詞的恰當(dāng)時態(tài)填空1. I already ( get) a letter from my uncle. 2 Simon (visit) Shanghai five ye

34、ars ago.3. Ben (live) in Beijing for two years.4.We (go) the the cinema last night.5 you (find) your dictionary yet?6 Kitty (write) a letter yesterday.7 Tom (work) for a construction company since 2000. 8 A: where Alice (go)? I dont see her here. B: She (go) to library. She (go) five minutes ago. vi

35、sitedhas livedwentHave foundwrotehas workedhasgonehas gonewenthavegot (The Present Perfect Progressive Tense)表示動作從過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要延續(xù)表示動作從過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要延續(xù)下去下去, ,且尚未完成的動作或狀態(tài)，它強調(diào)的是動作且尚未完成的動作或狀態(tài)，它強調(diào)的是動作“正在正在”或或“一一直在直在”持續(xù)進(jìn)行，常持續(xù)進(jìn)行，常for , sincefor , since 和表示一段時間的狀語連用。和表示一段時間的狀語連用。這個這個時態(tài)多用于延續(xù)性動

36、詞時態(tài)多用于延續(xù)性動詞They have been working for two hours. for和表示一段時間的詞組連用和表示一段時間的詞組連用They have been running since six oclock. since 和表示過去某一時刻的詞或詞組連用和表示過去某一時刻的詞或詞組連用I have been waiting for you since I came here. 時間狀語時間狀語: 1. for +一段時間一段時間 e.g: for 8 years 2. since +過去的時間點過去的時間點 e.g: since 1999 3. since +一般過去時

37、的句子一般過去時的句子 e.g: since I was 25 years old She has been working in this school for 10 years. My mother has been collecting stamps since 1990.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成： have / has been + +Exercises: for, sinceforforsincesinceforforsincesincesincesinceforfor6. 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)的態(tài)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)的區(qū)別區(qū)別 結(jié)構(gòu)不同結(jié)構(gòu)不同 現(xiàn)在

38、完成時是現(xiàn)在完成時是 have/ has + done 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時是 have/ has been + done 2) 現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)動作的結(jié)果動作的結(jié)果，既動作，既動作已經(jīng)結(jié)已經(jīng)結(jié)束束 He has returned all the book to the library. 3) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時強調(diào)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時強調(diào)動作從過去某個時間一動作從過去某個時間一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還將繼續(xù)下去。直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還將繼續(xù)下去。1)I have been cleaning the room since this morning.Yao Mings sports lif

39、e1980was born1989started playing basketballhas been playing22 yearsHe started playing basketball in 1989.He has been playing basketball since 1989.He has been playing basketball for 22years.2011plays成龍（成龍（ Jackie Chan ）1954:be born1961now: actHe has been acting for 50 years.How long has Jackie Chan

40、been acting?He has been acting since he was 7 years old. He has been acting since 1961.Task 1 Groupwork:Name Sport When startedHow long Whats your favorite sport? When did you start?How long have you been playing?Interview your classmates. Ask them what sports they play and fill in the chart.1b List

41、en. A reporter is talking to the participants in a skating marathon. Fill in the chart below. How long?AlisonIve been skating for five hoursSamI skated for four hoursVictorCeliaIve been skating for five hours.I skated for two hours.2a: listeningQuestionsAnswers1.How long did you skate today?2.How lo

42、ng have you been skating today?3.Was this your first skating marathon?4.Do you skate every day?5.When did you get your first pair of skates?6.How long have you been skating?a. No, I skated in a marathon last year.b. Yes, I do.c. For six hours.d. Since I was seven years old. 2.How long have you been

43、skating today?NameHas been skating forAlison5 hoursSam4 hoursLu Ning4 hoursLi Chen1 hour3a Reading Why are students skating?2. How much does each student raise for every hour they skate?3. How long has the skating marathon been going?To raise money for charity.Ten yuan.For five hours.Read and answer

44、.4. Who was the first to start?5. How long has he been skating?6. How long have Sam and Lu Ning been skating?Alison was the first to start.He has been skating for five hours.They have been skating for four hours.7. How long has the skating marathon been going?8. How many skaters are still skating ?F

45、our skaters are still skating.It has been going for five hours.9. Who was the last one?10. When did he start?11. How long has he been skating?He started an hour ago.He has been skating for an hour.Li Chen was the last one.e.g. Every student is here. 學(xué)生都到齊了。學(xué)生都到齊了。 Every two weeks he goes to visit hi

46、s friends in the town. 他每隔一周他每隔一周去看一次他在城鎮(zhèn)的朋友。去看一次他在城鎮(zhèn)的朋友。Each person has his own advantages. 每個每個人都有他的優(yōu)勢人都有他的優(yōu)勢 (長處長處)。 Each story has an interesting name. 每個每個故事都有一個有趣的名字。故事都有一個有趣的名字。 Each of us has a book. Each of them carries a bag.3b Its now 2pm. Write the Students names from 3a on the time line

47、.9am10am11am 12am1pm2pmAlisonSamLu NingLi Chen2a Listen. What do Bob, Marcia, and Liam collect? Fill in the chart under “What”.WhatHow longHow manyBobMarciaLiamkitesstuffed animalstheater and movie tickets2b Listen again. How long have they been collecting these things? How many do they have? Fill i

48、n the chart under “How long” and “How many”.since he was ten years old22for five years35since last year20Dear Jack, Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster. I love it. In fact I think its probably my favorite. Ive been collecting snow globes for seven years, and now I have 226 of them. M

49、y mom says I have to stop, because weve run out of room to store them. Theyre all around our apartment. I even store them in boxes under my bed. The first one I ever got was a birthday cake snow globe on my seventh birthday. I particularly love globes with animals. I have a big one with bears in it,

50、 and another one with penguins. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me. Id like to start a snow globe collectors club. By the way, whats your hobby? Love, EllenDraw lines to match the snow globes with their descriptions. Whats the subject of the E-mail? How long has Ellen been col

51、lecting snow globes? How many does she have now? When did Ellen receive her first snow globe? What kind of snow globes does Ellen particularly love? What would Ellen like to start?Read 3a and answer the following questions.Snow globesShe has been collecting them for seven years. 226 (Two hundred and

52、 twenty-six)On her seventh birthday. Globes with animalsShed like to start a snow globe collectors club. 3b Look at activity 2a on page 47. Write an e-mail message from Bob, Marcia or Liam. Tell about his or her collection.Dear , I want to tell you about my hobby. I collect . Ive been collecting the

53、mLindakites since I was ten year old, and I have 22 of them now. I collect them because they are beautiful and interesting. I have a kite with the face of Monkey King. It is a present from China. And I have some kites like butterflies. They are just like real animals in the sky. Every sunny Saturday

54、 Ill go and fly one of them. They bring me so much fun. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me. Id like to make friends with them. Yours,BobDear Editor, I am interested in the writer job. I have been listening to music videos since I was seven years old. I have Yours sincerely, Bo

55、b been watching English movies since two years ago. I have been watching sports for about five years. And I have been writing in English since I was 12 years old. I love writing. And I hope I can be a writer for our school newspaper. Ill work hard and I believe I can do it well.be interested in 對對感興

56、趣感興趣十、作文十、作文 學(xué)校歌詠隊要參加一個歌詠比賽，故而要招聘新成員，請學(xué)校歌詠隊要參加一個歌詠比賽，故而要招聘新成員，請你幫歌詠隊寫一個招聘廣告。你幫歌詠隊寫一個招聘廣告。 應(yīng)聘信應(yīng)聘信Dear Mike,Dear Mike, Im from Class Two, Grade Two. Im an Im from Class Two, Grade Two. Im an outgoing boy. I am interested in singing songs. I outgoing boy. I am interested in singing songs. I have been s

57、inging songs since I was five years old. have been singing songs since I was five years old. I have been studying English for six years, so I I have been studying English for six years, so I can sing many English songs. I am studying English can sing many English songs. I am studying English songs n

58、ow. Every Saturday I go to singing club to songs now. Every Saturday I go to singing club to study singing and English songs.study singing and English songs.Yours sincerelyYours sincerelyJohnJohnSection 1 Before You Read1. How many Chinese dynasties can you think of?2. How many famous characters fro

59、m Chinese history can you think of? Make a list.3. Can you think of famous characters from the history of other countries? Make a list.Scan the text for information to complete the sentences below.1. Leo has been teaching in China for .2. Some of the old buildings in Harbin are .3. The welcomed the

60、first Jews to China.4. In Australia, students usually study and history.5. The more Leo learns about , the more he enjoys in China.two yearsin Russian styleSong EmperorAustralianwesternChinese historylivingSection 3 After You Read. 賓語從句是主從復(fù)合句的一種。主從復(fù)合句是由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成的。 從句在全句中充當(dāng)什么成分，就叫什么從句。從句在全句中作