小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法及習(xí)題

1、小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法及習(xí)題一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加 -s ，如：book-books, bag-bags,cat-cats, bed-beds2以 s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加 -es ，如： bus-buses,box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“輔音字母 +y”結(jié)尾，變 y 為 i,再加 -es ，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或 fe ”結(jié)尾，變 f 或 fe 為 v,再加 -es ，如：knife-knives5不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men, woman-women,

2、 policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese寫(xiě)出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)I _him _this _her_watch _child _photo _diary_day_ foot_ book_ dress_tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry_thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich_man_ woman

3、_paper_juice_water_ milk_ rice_tea_二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹【No. 1 】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能1. 表示事物或人物的特征、 狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue. 天空是藍(lán)色的。2. 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如： I get up at six every day. 我每天六點(diǎn)起床。3. 表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。 如：The earth goes around the sun. 地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成1. be 動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ) +be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。2. 行為動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ) +行為動(dòng)詞 (+ 其它

4、) 。如：We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)(he, she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加 "-s" 或"-es" 。如： Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化1. be動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語(yǔ) + be + not +如： He is not a worker.其它。他不是工人。一般疑問(wèn)句： Be +主語(yǔ) +其它。如： -Are you a student?-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞 +一般疑問(wèn)句。如： Where ismy bike?2.

5、行為動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語(yǔ) + don't( doesn't ) +動(dòng)詞原形 (+其它 ) 。如：I don't like bread.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如：He doesn't often play.一般疑問(wèn)句： Do( Does ) +主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞原形 +其它。如：- Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)， 要用 does 構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。如：- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes

6、, she does. / No, she doesn't.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞 +一般疑問(wèn)句。如： Howdoesyour father go to work?動(dòng)詞 +s 的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加 -s ，如： cook-cooks,milk-milks2以 s. x. sh. ch. o 結(jié)尾，加-es ，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“輔音字母 +y”結(jié)尾，變 y 為 i,再加 -es ，如：study-studies一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專(zhuān)練 :一、 寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)drink _ go _ st

7、ay _ make_look _ have_pass_carry _come_watch_plant_ fly _study_ brush_do_teach_二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. What _they often _(do) on

8、 Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?8.The girl_(teach)us English on Sundays.9.She and I_(take)a walk together everyevening.10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _(like) cooking.12. They _(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _(look) after her babycarefully.14.You always

9、 _(do) your homework well.15.I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.19.Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessonsthis term.20.What day _(be) it today? It s Saturday. 三、按照要求改寫(xiě)句子1. Daniel w

10、atches TV every evening.(改為否定句 )_2. I do my homework every day.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答 )_3. She likes milk.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作肯定回答 )_4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答 )_5. We go to school every morning.(改為否定句 )_6. He speaks English very well.(改為否定句)_7. I like taking photos in the park.(對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn) )_8. J

11、ohn comes from Canada.(對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn) )_9. She is always a good student.( 改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答 )_10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改為否定句 )_五、改錯(cuò) ( 劃出錯(cuò)誤的地方，將正確的寫(xiě)在橫線(xiàn)上)1.Isyour brother speakEnglish?_2.Does he likes goingfishing?_3.He likes play games afterclass._4.Mr. Wu teachs usEnglish._5. She don t do her h

12、omework on Sundays._三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞 ing.3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be 后加 not 。4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be 動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問(wèn)詞 + be +主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞 ing?但疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問(wèn)詞 + be +動(dòng)詞 ing?動(dòng)詞加 ing 的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加ing ，如： cook-cooking2以不發(fā)音的 e 結(jié)尾，去 e 加 ing ，如：make-making,taste-

13、tasting3如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母， 雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加 ing ，如： run-running,stop-stopping現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)：一、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play_ run_ swim_make_go_ like_write_ski_read_ have_sing_ dance_put_ see_ buy _love_live_ take_ come_get_stop_ sit _ begin_shop_二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：1.The boy _( draw)a picturenow.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( si

14、ng)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nicefoodnow.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look!the girls_(dance )intheclassroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She_(listen ) to music.9. Its5oclocknow. We _(have)suppe

15、r now10._Helen_(wash )clothes?Yes ,she is .三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. They are doing housework .(分別改成一般疑問(wèn)句和否定句 )_2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑問(wèn)句并作肯定和否定回答 )_3I m playing the football in the playground .( 對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分進(jìn)行提問(wèn) )_4Tom is reading books in his study . (對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分進(jìn)行提問(wèn))四、將來(lái)時(shí)一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備

16、做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year ),soon, the day after tomorrow （后天）等。二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)： be going to + do；will+ do.三、否定句：在be動(dòng)詞（ am, is, are）后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加 not 成 wont 。例如： I m going to have a picnic thisafternoon. I m not going to have a picnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑問(wèn)句： be 或 will 提到句首， some改為

17、any, and 改為 or ，第一二人稱(chēng)互換。例如：Weare going to go on an outing thisweekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?五、對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)。一般情況，一般將來(lái)時(shí)的對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分有三種情況。1.問(wèn)人。Who 例如：I mgoing toNew York soon.Whos going to New York soon.2.問(wèn)干什么。What do. 例如： Myfatheris going to watch a race with me thisaft ernoon. What is y

18、our father going to do with you this afternoon.3.問(wèn)什么時(shí)候。 When.例如： Shesgoing to go to bed at nine.When is shegoingto bed?六、同義句： be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天） . = Iwill go swimming tomorrow.練習(xí)：填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with myfriends.I _ have a picnic with my frie

19、nds.2.下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。What _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _play basketball.What _ you do next Monday?I _ playbasketball.3.你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購(gòu)物嗎？是，她要去買(mǎi)一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shoppingthis _?Yes, she _. She _ _ buy some fruit.4.你們打算什么時(shí)候見(jiàn)面。What time _ you _ _ meet?改句子。5.Nancy is going to gocamping. （改否定）Nancy

20、_ going to go camping.6.I ll go and join them.（改否定）I _ go _ join them.7.I m going to get up at6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問(wèn)句）_ _ _ to get up at 6:30tomorrow?8.We will meet at the busstop at 10:30.（改一般疑問(wèn)句）_ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.9.She is going to listentomusic after school.（對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)）_ _ she _ _ _after school?10.My fatherand mother aregoing to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)_ _ going to see a play the dayafter tomorrow全身心記憶法根據(jù)測(cè)試，參與記憶單詞的器官和身體部位越多，單詞在大腦中的印象就越深刻，記憶的時(shí)間也就越長(zhǎng)。邊讀邊寫(xiě)邊記，除讀記所使用的發(fā)音器官和身體的其它部位外，大腦中樞還要指揮大臂帶動(dòng)小臂，小臂帶動(dòng)手掌， 手掌帶動(dòng)手指， 從而正確地書(shū)寫(xiě)單詞。這種方法避免了 " 小和尚念經(jīng) " ，因?yàn)橹灰⒁饬Σ患?/p>