英語中過去分詞的用法講解

1、英語中過去分詞的用法過去分詞的用法講解如下：過去分詞的用法在英語語法中很是普遍。那么，如何正確的使用過去分詞呢?我們來看看過去分詞的用法解析，只有了解了過去分詞的用法，才能正確的運用和使用它。一、基本概念1. 分詞的定義1.動詞的-ed分詞即過去分詞，是由動詞的過去分詞構成，一般只有一種形式。2. 過去分詞的語法作用：過去分詞一方面具有動詞的性質，另一方面也相當于一個形容詞或副詞（相當于被動語），在句中可以作表語、定語、狀語和補足語。1) 過去分詞作表語，主要表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態(tài)。如：Dont touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那個杯子

2、，它是壞的（它是被打壞的）。He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜歡那禮服的式樣。2) 過去分詞做定語：單個的過去分詞作定語一般放在名詞的前面，相當于一個定語從句。如：The excited people rushed into the building. 激動的人們奔進了大樓。（excited people 被激動了的人）We need more qualified teachers. 我們需要更多合格的教師。（被資質認證過的老師，或經(jīng)過資質認證的老師。）過去分詞短語作定語通常放在被修飾的詞后面，相當于一個定語從句。如：Is

3、 there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活動嗎?The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外國專家提出來的建議被經(jīng)理采納了。過去分詞作定語也可用作非限制性定語，前后用逗號隔開。如：The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.這些書是魯迅寫的，受到了許多中國人民的喜愛。The meeting, attended by one thousand students, w

4、as a success. 這次會議獲得很大的成功，共有一千個學生出席了。3) 過去分詞做狀語：過去分詞和-ing分詞作狀語一樣，也可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。表時間，相當于一個時間狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可加連詞when或while來強調時間概念。如：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 從山頂上看，這個城市就像一個大花園。Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party

5、.入黨以后，他決定獻身于黨的事業(yè)。表原因，相當于一個原因狀語從句。如：Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.激動的人們被那個故事深深地感動了，停止了爭吵。Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.受到了講演的鼓舞，年輕人決定起來從事斗爭。表條件，相當于一個條件狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可用if等詞。如：Given another chance

6、, he will do better.再給他一次機會，他會做得更好。Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.和你哥哥相比，你應該更加努力學習英語。If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加熱，會變成水蒸氣。表讓步，相當于一個though/although引導的讓步狀語從句。如：Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.盡管已經(jīng)跑得筋疲力盡，他

7、們還是繼續(xù)追趕著那個強盜。Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續(xù)他的研究。表方式或伴隨情況。如：The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那個老人在他的妻子的攙扶下走進了房間。Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父親坐在桌子旁邊討論著我的工作問題。4) 過去分詞作補足語：過去分詞可以在see, hear, notice, watch, find

8、, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等詞后與一名詞或代詞構成復合賓語，用作賓語補語。如：When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined? 你什么時候去醫(yī)院檢查你的牙齒?When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.當你在作報告時，你應該講響一點使自己被人聽清。當這類句子變成被動語態(tài)時，過去分詞用作主語補語。如：One of the glasses was found broke

9、n. 有人發(fā)現(xiàn)其中一個杯子破了。They should be kept informed of the situation there. 應該讓他們知道那兒的形勢。二、特別提醒1. 過去分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語一般必須和句子的主語相一致。如：When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.當那個男孩被問到為何來這里時，他沉默不語。Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.由于在農(nóng)村出生并長大，他對生物很感興趣。如果過去分詞的邏輯主語和句子主語不一致

10、，必須使用過去分詞的獨立主格結構。2. 動詞have后所接的三種賓語補語：have somebody/something do something 不定式作補語必須省去to, 不定式動作由賓語發(fā)出，表示一次性的動作。如：I had the workers do the job for me. 我讓工人們替我完成了工作。Jim often has his father help him with his homework. 吉姆經(jīng)常讓他的父親幫助做家庭作業(yè)。have somebody /something doing something -ing分詞作補語，分詞動作也由賓語發(fā)出，強調動作的延續(xù)或

11、正在進行。如：They had the tractor working all the time. 他們讓拖拉機一直工作著。We wont have the child talking to his mother like that. 我們不能讓那個孩子那樣對他的媽媽說話。have somebody/something done 過去分詞作補語，賓語和補足語之間有邏輯上的被動關系，通常有兩種情況：主語讓別人做某事，強調主語的意志。如：He had his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天理發(fā)了。Later on the center had a great many new tr

12、ees planted.后來，這個中心讓人種了很多樹。主語遭到某種不幸或陷入惡劣的環(huán)境，說明賓語的一種無意識的被動行為。如：He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比賽中摔斷了腿。He had one eye lost in the war. 在戰(zhàn)爭中，他失去了一只眼睛。3. 非謂語動詞的被動式作定語的三種形式：the bridge to be built 將要建造的橋 (表示將來的動作)the bridge being built 正在建造的橋 (表示正在進行的動作)the bridge built 造好的橋 (表示完成的動作)

13、4. 過去分詞和ing分詞作表語的區(qū)別：過去分詞作表語通常表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或感受，而-ing分詞作表語多表示主語所具有的特征，如：Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. 聽到那個消息，我們感到很驚訝The news is very surprising. 這個消息很令人驚訝。They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他們聽到那可怕的聲音很害怕。At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to te

14、ars.看到這么動人的情景，所有在場的人都感動得流下了眼淚。英語中這樣的分詞還有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。5. 過去分詞和ing分詞作定語的區(qū)別：過去分詞作定語和-ing分詞作定語有一定的區(qū)別。試比較下面幾組短