高中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詳解

1、 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞【考點(diǎn)一】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法之不定式：（1） 動(dòng)詞不定式：（to)+do,具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征。1、 不定式的形式： 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式否定式：1） 一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作_,例如：We plan to pay a visit.2) 進(jìn)行式：不定式的進(jìn)行式所表示的動(dòng)作_,例如：The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room.3) 完成式：不定式的完成式表示的動(dòng)作_,例如：I happened to have seen the film. He is pleas

2、ed to have met his friend.2、 不定式的句法功能：1） 作主語(yǔ)：（動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用形式主語(yǔ)it作形式主語(yǔ)）To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard._2) 作表語(yǔ)：Her job is to clean the hall.3) 作賓語(yǔ)：常與不定式做賓語(yǔ)連用的動(dòng)詞有：（口訣）決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。Refuse,manage,care,pretend,主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，offer,promise,choose,p

3、lan,同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫。agree,ask/beg,help此外， afford,strive（斗爭(zhēng)）等也要用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。eg.She pretended not to see me when I passed by.如果不定式（賓語(yǔ)）后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則用it形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)（不定式）后置，放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后面。eg.Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.4作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：下列動(dòng)詞后在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用不帶to的不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要加上to:它們是“吾看三室兩廳一感覺”5看(look at,see,watch,

4、notice,observe);3使(make,let,have);2聽(listen to,hear);1感覺(feel).以上動(dòng)詞還可用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上動(dòng)詞除let,make外都可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，此外find,catch,keep,have也可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。eg.At that time,I found him crying in the street. He was caught stealing,Im sorry to have kept you waiting or such a long time. The missing

5、 boys were last seen playing near the river.動(dòng)詞不定式可充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足主，關(guān)注：I saw him cross the road(變被動(dòng)）=_5) 作定語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)，入在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。與所修飾名詞有如下關(guān)系：A) 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系：I have a meeting to attend.注意：不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，所修飾的名詞如果是地點(diǎn)、工具等，應(yīng)有必要的介詞，eg.He found a good house to live_. The child has nothing to worry_.B)說明所修飾名詞的內(nèi)容：We have made a

6、 plan to finish the work.C)被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)：He is the first to get there.6) 作狀語(yǔ)：A) 表目的，He worked day and night to get the money.B) 注意不定式放名首時(shí)，邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)要一致：判斷正誤：To save money,every means has been tried,( )To save money,he has tried every means.( )B) 表結(jié)果：He arrived late to find the train gone.此時(shí)常用only放在不定

7、式前表示強(qiáng)調(diào)意料之外或遺憾之情：I visited him only to find him out.C) 表原因：They were very sad to hear the news.7) 作獨(dú)立成分：常在寫作中使用，Eg.to tell the truth,to begin/start with,to be honest/frank,to be frank,to make thing worse,to sum up等。To tell the truth,this is all that I have known.【考點(diǎn)二】非謂語(yǔ)之V-ing1. V-ing的形式：語(yǔ)態(tài) 主動(dòng)式 被動(dòng)式一般

8、式完成式2. V-ing考點(diǎn)透析：1） 在句中的作用： 主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞在歷年的高考中占有重要位置，是高考的熱點(diǎn)內(nèi)容之一，其構(gòu)成：doing/being done1. 用法：1）主語(yǔ)：Swimming is good for us. 2）賓語(yǔ)：I love singing. 3）表語(yǔ)：His hobby is collecting stamps. 4）定語(yǔ)：There is a swimming pool./There is a pool for swimming.其考點(diǎn)分布如下：1、 作主語(yǔ)1) _(expose)to sunlight for too

9、much time will do harm to ones skin.2) Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._(have)the answers ready will be of great help.3) _(eat)provides us with essential nutrients（營(yíng)養(yǎng)）,while_(breathe) provides us with oxygen.必背：動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的幾個(gè)常用寫作句型：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作無益的后悔是沒有用的。Its

10、a waste of time arguing about it.爭(zhēng)論這事是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。Its no good talking to him.和他談話是沒用的。Its worth making an effort.努力一下是值得的。There is no denying that.無可否認(rèn).2、 作賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式都可在句子中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。重難點(diǎn)：1. 只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：考慮建議盼原諒，consider/suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse,pardon,承認(rèn)推遲沒得想。Admit,delay/put off,fancy,避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，avo

11、id,miss,keep/keep on,practice,否認(rèn)完成停欣賞，deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate,不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡.cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape,imagine,forbid,risk此外be used to,look forward to,lead to,devote to,stick to,object to,get down to,pay attention to,cant stand（無法忍受），feel like,insist on,put off,thank you for,apologize for,be

12、busy (in),have difficulty/trouble(in),have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)等動(dòng)詞詞組也要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。 填一填:1) I really appreciate_(have)time to relax with you on its nice island.2) He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk_(lose)the good opportunity.3) The squirrel was lucky that it just miss

13、ed_(catch).4) The officers narrowly escaped_(kill)in the hot battle.5) Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to_(set)up some schools for poor children.6) The letter he looked forward to_(arrive)last week.7) Isnt it time you got down to_(mark)the papers?8) -How do you deal with the disagreeme

14、nt between the company and the customers? -The key_(solve)the problem is to meet the demand_(make)by the customers.2. 既能接不定式又能接動(dòng)名詞，但意思不同的動(dòng)詞或詞組：forget to do sth._ forget doing sth._Remember to do sth._ remember doing sth._Regret to do sth._ regret doing sth._Stop to do sth._ stop doing sth._Try to do

15、 sth._ try doing sth._Mean to do sth._ mean doing sth._Go on to do sth._ go on doing sth._Cant help to do sth._ cant help doing sth._ 填一填:1) -You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well,now I regret_(do)that.2) In some parts of London,missing a bus means_(wait)for another hour.3)

16、 Do you remember_(meet)me at a party last year?3. 在動(dòng)詞need,want,require之后，可以用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式作賓語(yǔ)，表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義；而其后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，須用被動(dòng)式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。eg.The library needs_(clean),but itll have to wait until Sunday.3、 做定語(yǔ)1. V-ing形式作前置定語(yǔ)，表示用途，即“用來做.”或表示性質(zhì)，即“.的”eg.reading room閱覽室 swimming pool游泳池 The exciting news令人振奮的消息 a boring spee

17、ch令人乏味的演出2. V-ing短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，往往表示正在發(fā)生或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。eg.The man standing by the window(=_)is our teacher. The man breaking the law(=_)was sentenced to death.1) When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door_(read)”Sorry to miss you,Ill call later.”2) The girl_(sit)under that tree is

18、my sister.4、 V-ing作狀語(yǔ)用法1. 現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)式表示動(dòng)作是由句子主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，而被動(dòng)式表明主語(yǔ)承受該動(dòng)作。eg._(notice)by so many people,she felt nervous,_(not know)what to say.2. 現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨和結(jié)果等。通?？梢愿臑橄鄳?yīng)的從句或并列句。eg.Walking along the street,he met his old friend.=_ Not having received his reply,she decided to write a second letter.

19、=_Seeing from the top of hill,you will find the city more beautiful.=_All the students sat in the classroom,waiting for their new English teacher.=_My parents went to the park yesterday,leaving me alone at home.=_注意：當(dāng)分詞在句中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)為前面整個(gè)句字時(shí)。eg.European football is played in80 countries,making it th

20、e most popular sport in the world.【考點(diǎn)三】非謂語(yǔ)之過去分詞過去分詞考點(diǎn)透視1、 作表語(yǔ)過去分詞作表語(yǔ)并無“完成”或“被動(dòng)”之意，而是表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或思想感情等。eg.He looked worried after reading the letter.看完之后，他顯得很憂慮。 When we heard of it,we were deeply moved.當(dāng)我們聽到這件事后，被深深地感動(dòng)了。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea 聽到這個(gè)想法，他似乎很高興。 The door remained locked. (Rem

21、ain仍然是=seem=appear+-ed/-ing)1) _(surprise)and happy,Tony stood up and accepted the prize.2) _(lose) in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.3) _(tire)of playing football,he went back to the classroom.4) _(face)with difficulty,he rushed forward bravely.常見的作表語(yǔ)的過去分詞有：Be worried about,be f

22、aced with,be devoted to,be born in,be involved in,be pleased with,Be married to,be surprised at/by,be interested in,be satisfied with2、 過去分詞作定語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)透視1. 過去分詞作定語(yǔ)，作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)定語(yǔ)從句。eg.The book,written in1957,tells the struggle of the miners.=_2. 單個(gè)過去分詞作定語(yǔ)常放在所修飾的名詞之前。eg.They decided to change the used mater

23、ial,3. 過去分詞常表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間早于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，或者沒有時(shí)間性，只表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。eg.The question discussed(=_)is very important.(既表被動(dòng)又表完成） I dont like to see letters written(=_)in pencil(沒有一定的時(shí)間性，只表被動(dòng) )4. 注意過去分詞與其它非謂語(yǔ)形式作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：The meeting being held(=_)now is very important.The meeting held(=_)yesterday is very important.The meeting to

24、be held(=_)tomorrow is very important.3、 過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)透視現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨和結(jié)果等。通?？梢愿臑橄鄳?yīng)的從句或并列句。eg.1.Frightened by the noise in the night,the girl didnt dare to sleep in her room.=_ 2.When heated,water can be changed into steam.=_ 3.Given more attention,the cabbages could have grown better.=_ 4.Th

25、e hunter left his house,followed by his dog.=_ 5.Left alone at home,Sam did not feel afraid at all.=_填一填1） As soon as she entered the room,the girl caught sight of the flowers_(buy)by her mother.2) The first textbooks_(write)for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the16th century.3) D

26、ont use words,expressions phrases_(know)only to people with specific knowledge.4) Prices of daily goods_(buy)through a computer can be lower than store prices.5) Most of the artists_(invite)to the party were from South Africa.6) From the date_(mark)on the gold coin,we decided that it was made five h

27、undred years ago.非謂語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)法填空題中【解題技巧】 當(dāng)句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞又沒有并列連詞與括號(hào)中的動(dòng)詞并列，該動(dòng)詞就是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)名詞（表一般意義）或不定式形式（表具體意義）作目的的狀語(yǔ)或在形容詞后作狀語(yǔ)，用不定式；作伴隨狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，要根據(jù)與邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞en時(shí)也要根據(jù)名式搭配來確定，如：see/hear/notice sb.do/doing sth.,spend.doing sth.等。具體解題技巧如下：第一步：若句中已有謂語(yǔ)，也不是作并列謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。第二步：根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求，或某些詞語(yǔ)的特殊要求，確定用哪種非謂

28、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。如作目的狀語(yǔ)一般 用不定式形式，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)用-ing形式或不定式，在enjoy,finish等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)用ing形式，在decide,refuse等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)要用不定式形式等等。第三步：確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。第四步：根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系確定用一般式還是用完成式。填一填1) I noticed a man_(sit) at the front.2) He suddenly appeared in class one day,_(wear)sun glasses.3) “In the beginning,there was o

29、nly a very small amount of unfairness in the world,but everyone added a little,always_(think)that it was only small and not very important,and look where we have ended up today.”4) She wished that he was as easy_(pleased)as her mother,who was always delighted with perfume.5) For example,the Proverb,

30、”plucking up a crop_(help)it grow”,is based on the following story.6) While she was getting me_(settle)into a tiny but clean room,the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car.7) Freud was one of the first scientists_(make)serious research of the mind.The mind is the collection of activit

31、ies_(base)in the brain that involve how we act,think,feel and reason.He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams_(search)for the causes of mental and emotional problems,He also tried hypnosis(催眠）.He wanted to see if _(put)patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease_(trouble)minds.In most cases he found the effects only temporary.Freud worked hard,although what he did might sound eady.His method involved_(sit)with his patients and_(listen)to their talk.He had them_(talk