最新外研版八年級(jí)英語(下)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法一、 表示過去發(fā)生并且已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。例如：你讀過那個(gè)故事嗎？Have you read that story?（“讀”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響為：是否知道故事中的內(nèi)容）我買了兩個(gè)蘋果。 I have bought two apples.（“買”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是：擁有兩個(gè)蘋果）（一）、構(gòu)成：“助動(dòng)詞have/has 砌詞的過去分詞”（二）、句型結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定式：主語+have/has+ 過去分詞+其它。如： I have just come back from Qinzhou.否定式：主語+have/ has not +過去分詞

2、+其它。如： I haven ' t seen the TV play.一般疑問句：Have/ has+ 主語 + 過去分詞+其它 ?如： Has Jack finished his homework?回答：肯定：Yes, 主語 + have/has .否定：No, 主語 + haven ' t/ hasn ' t. 特殊疑問句: 特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句？如：How long have you had the dog ?當(dāng)堂檢測 Liming _完成下列句子：1李明還沒看過這本書了。_ that book _ .2. 他去看醫(yī)生了嗎？_ he _ see the do

3、ctor?3. 我非常高興，因?yàn)槲彝ㄟ^這次英語考試。I am very happy, because I _ the English exam.4. 你在這等了多久了 ?_ you _ here?5. 媽媽把那本書弄丟了。Mumthat book.6. _ 你去哪了？Whereyou?（三）、常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用的幾個(gè)副詞：already ， just 多用于肯定句中, yet， ever ，never 多用于疑問句和否定句中。如：1、 I have already finished my homework.我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)。2、 she has just had supper.她剛吃過晚飯

4、。3、 Have you ever sung this English song?你曾唱過這首英文歌嗎？4、 They haven't done the homework yet.他們還沒有做作業(yè)。5、 We have never seen an interesting film.我們從來沒有看過有趣的電影。6、 We have just come home, and we had a wonderful weekend.我們剛剛到家，我們度過了一個(gè)愉快的周末。7、 Have you ever been to Guilin?Yes, I have. I went there a mon

5、th ago.I have been there two or three times.你到過桂林嗎？到過。我一個(gè)月前去過那里。我去過那里兩三次了。8、 You can come with us to the cinema when you have finished your homework.你做完功課可以和我們一起去看戲。9、 Most of them have already seen the movie.他們中大多數(shù)人已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。10 、How long have you lived here?你住在這里多久了？（四）、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別:1、 一般過去時(shí)只單純表示

6、過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系；如： I finished readingthe book three days ago.2、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示某一完成動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。如：Ihave finished reading the book now用一般過去時(shí)的情況：1）.當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過去的時(shí)間狀語, 女口：last year , two days ago , yesterday , just now等時(shí). -When did he leave ?-We weren ' t in last night .-She often came to help me

7、When we were very young .2）. 單純談過去的動(dòng)作，不涉及它對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響時(shí).-What did you have for your lunch?-When did you have supper?用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的情況：1) . 當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示到現(xiàn)在為止這段時(shí)間的狀，如 recently , these days , so far , up till now, in thepast 3 years, by the end of -,fo 葉 一段時(shí)間以及 since 引導(dǎo)的表示時(shí)間的狀語從句時(shí).-We have learned a lot since we came to t

8、his school .- I haven ' t slept very well these days.2) . 若談一件已發(fā)生的事，主要考慮它對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響的。- Have you had your lunch?- Do you want more? Thanks, I have had enough.即學(xué)即練用括號(hào)里適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空：1、 We_ (see) the film twice, we _it yesterday at school.2、 _you _(read) the book before?Yes, I _ .When _ you _ it?Last month.3、

9、Zhaoqing _ (be) a small city 20 years ago, now it_ (become) famous allover the world.3、有些時(shí)間狀語，女口this morni ng , to ni ght , this mo nth等，可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)，但它們表達(dá)的意義不一樣。用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)，而用于一般過去時(shí)則與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。例如；1) . I have read this story this April .我今年四月份看過這個(gè)故事了。( 講話時(shí)仍然是四月份 )2) .I read this story this April .

10、我今年四月份看的這個(gè)故事。( 講話時(shí)四月份已過 )3) .I have written two letters this morning .今天上午我寫了兩封信。( 講話時(shí)仍是上午 )4) .I wrote two letters this morning .今天上午我寫了兩封信。( 講話時(shí)已是下午或晚上 )Exercise:Why not go to see the film with me?C. have sawD. sawBecause I _ it.A、 have seenB. will seeC. have sawD. saw2. Hello! Could I speak to Mr

11、. King, please? Sorry, he ' s _ the supermarket.been at B. been to C. been on D. gone to3. I _ already _ my homework, I _have, finished, have finishedhave , finished, finished finished, have finishedit last night.4. Have you _your breakfast?Yes, I have. When _ you _ it? 1 hour ago.had, have hadB

12、. do, have , hadC. had, did, haveD. had, have, have二、.表示過去某一時(shí)間開始并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至還可能繼續(xù)下去。常和表示從過去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi))的一段時(shí)間狀語連用。一段時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法有兩種:for + 一段時(shí)間: for a year , for two weeks, for three years since +過去的某一時(shí)刻: since lastweek.一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語從句:since you came since you got home.1) .They have lived here for ten

13、years .2) . She has taught in this school since three years ago.3) .We have known each other since we were very young.注意：用于這種用法中的動(dòng)詞必須是表示連續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞，如： live 、 work 、 teach 、 study 、 stay 、wait 、 know 、 be 、 have 、learn 、wear 、walk 、 sleep 等，這類動(dòng)詞叫做“延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞”。英語中還有另一種動(dòng)詞，如:die、buy 、joi n 、marry become beg i

14、n 、fall 、come 、go、hear 、die 、close 、open 、leave 、borrow 、等，它們只表示短暫的動(dòng)作，不能表示一個(gè)延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，這類動(dòng)詞叫做“瞬間性動(dòng)詞”，它們可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但是不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。 判斷下列句子的正誤：1）.He has died（.）He has died for 2 years（.）He has been dead for 2 years.（ ）2）. Helen has married.（ ）Helen has been married for 5 years.（ ）Helen has married for 5 ye

15、ars（. ） 瞬間性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用, 但是他可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.1. 直接用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞buy - havecatch （get） a cold -have a cold borrowkeep arrive/come/go/become beput on-wear get up be up2. 轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+ 名詞join the army - be a soldier join the Party- be a Party member go to school- be a student3?.轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+ 形容詞或副詞die be deadfinishend

16、- be overbegin be onleave be awayfall sleep - be asleepclose/open - be closed/openmarry be married4. 轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+ 介詞短語go to school - be in school join the army- be in the army當(dāng)堂檢測選擇填空1.The shop has been _for an hour.A. close B. closing C. closed2. How long have you_ the book?A. borrowed B. kept C. bought

17、3. They _ Guangzhou for an hour.A. leftB. have leftC. have been away from4.I have _ Foshan since ten years ago.A. come to B. arrive in C. been in5.I bought a computer _ .A. for two days B. since two days ago C. two days ago6 Class has been over_ .A. just now B. for a moment C. a moment ago7. I have

18、come back_ .A. for an hour B. yet C. AlreadyI _ the way. I _ here for quite many years.A. knew have livedB. knew liveC. know have livedD. know live2._ you ever_ America ? Yes, I have.A. Have gone to B. Havegone inC. Have been toD. Have been in3. My brother _college for over three years.A. has gone t

19、o B. has been to C. has been at4. He _ the Army by the end of 1989. He _ in the army since then.A. joined isB. has joined has bee nC. had joined is D. had joined has bee n 5. _ you _ the text yet ? Yes, we _ it two hours ago.A. Did ?copy? didB. Have ? copied ?haveC. Have ?copied ?did D. Did ?copy ?h

20、ad“Why_ s h e_ angry ?”“Because he_ at her just now .”A. did get shouted B. has got shouted C.did get ?- has shouted6. _you _ the film before ? Where _ you _ it ? A. Have seen did seeB. Did see - - have see nC. Have see n have see n7.You _me waiting for two hours.I _for you since five.A. kept waited

21、B. have kept waitedC. kept have waitedD. have kepthave WdWhere _ John _ ?To the library. He _ there for an hour.A. has been has goneB. hasC. did ?go?wentgone has beenD. did ?be?wentA. 用 already 或 yet 填空Have they taken down the old pictures_ ?No, not_ .2)Most of us have finished our compositions_ .3) He hasn ' t visited the museum _ . B. 用 si nee 或 for 填空1)We have learned five lessons_ the beginningof