提高英語閱讀技巧課件

1、高三英語專題復(fù)習(xí) 英語閱讀理解技巧1指讀指讀 2譯讀譯讀3回讀回讀 4. 查詞典查詞典5“壞壞毛病毛病”（bad habits）: 教學(xué)過程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生教學(xué)過程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生在閱讀時(shí)常做些不利于閱讀的壞動(dòng)作。在閱讀時(shí)常做些不利于閱讀的壞動(dòng)作。比如比如晃頭、轉(zhuǎn)筆、晃頭、轉(zhuǎn)筆、聽音樂、咬指頭、趴在桌子上、揪頭發(fā)等等。聽音樂、咬指頭、趴在桌子上、揪頭發(fā)等等。 常見題型：常見題型：1. 細(xì)節(jié)細(xì)節(jié)理解題理解題2.2.主旨主旨大意題大意題3. 推理推理判斷題判斷題分析題干能力分析題干能力( (一一) )細(xì)節(jié)理解題：細(xì)節(jié)理解題：細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題通常通常是根據(jù)文章中的具體信息是根據(jù)文章中的具體信息（直接信直

2、接信息或間接信息息或間接信息）進(jìn)行提問的。進(jìn)行提問的。直接信息題可以在文章直接信息題可以在文章中直接找到答案，間接信息題則要我們?cè)诶斫獾幕A(chǔ)上將中直接找到答案，間接信息題則要我們?cè)诶斫獾幕A(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到。有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到。做此類題的做此類題的方法一般是先用尋讀法找出與問題相關(guān)方法一般是先用尋讀法找出與問題相關(guān)的詞語或句子，再對(duì)相關(guān)的部分進(jìn)行細(xì)讀的詞語或句子，再對(duì)相關(guān)的部分進(jìn)行細(xì)讀, ,找出正找出正確答案。確答案。分析題干能力分析題干能力 分析題干能力分析題干能力Invited by Mr. Ye Huixian, host of the well received TV p

3、rogramme “Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she

4、 took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station. “Its really a hard job for me. I wont

5、enter for such competition any more. Anyhow, I am quite lucky. I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title. This time, in Shanghai, Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience, said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q： Which of the following is NOT tr

6、ue?A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.解析：解析： A、C 和和D都可在原文找到答案，而都可在原文找到答案，而B項(xiàng)原文列的是：項(xiàng)原文列的是： taken to Hong Kong可判斷不是可判斷不是moved to Hong Kong with her parents

7、，因此選，因此選B。 分析題干能力分析題干能力文章或段落大意（Main idea）、標(biāo)題（Title） 、主題（Topic) 1)認(rèn)真閱讀文章的第一段或每段的第一個(gè)句子。認(rèn)真閱讀文章的第一段或每段的第一個(gè)句子。2)抓住反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即主題詞。（作者往往有意識(shí)地反復(fù)論抓住反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即主題詞。（作者往往有意識(shí)地反復(fù)論述文章的主題）。述文章的主題）。3)文章或段落的主題句常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在一些標(biāo)志性的提示后。文章或段落的主題句常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在一些標(biāo)志性的提示后。例如：例如：On the whole , in short, therefore I agree with the opinion tha

8、tGiven all these points above , I would support the idea that 4.歸納主題容易犯以下三種歸納主題容易犯以下三種錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤：l以偏概全。以偏概全。即只抓住了主題的一個(gè)側(cè)面就誤以為是主題。即只抓住了主題的一個(gè)側(cè)面就誤以為是主題。 l過于籠統(tǒng)。過于籠統(tǒng)。即歸納的主題太泛，與細(xì)節(jié)脫節(jié)或是沒有對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)加以即歸納的主題太泛，與細(xì)節(jié)脫節(jié)或是沒有對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)加以 充分論證。充分論證。 l把觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加給作者。把觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加給作者。讀者往往根據(jù)自己的常識(shí)對(duì)文章進(jìn)行判斷而讀者往往根據(jù)自己的常識(shí)對(duì)文章進(jìn)行判斷而忽視了作者的見解。忽視了作者的見解。 分析題干能力分析題干能力

9、 如何尋找主題句如何尋找主題句Sample 1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, e

10、ggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. （1）主題句在段首）主題句在段首 一個(gè)主題句常常是一個(gè)段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證一個(gè)主題句常常是一個(gè)段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。在論說文，科技文獻(xiàn)和新聞報(bào)道中多采用這種格性細(xì)節(jié)。在論說文，科技文獻(xiàn)和新聞報(bào)道中多采用這種格式。式。 分析題干能力分析題干能力Sample 2Some students prefer a stri

11、ct teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. （2）主題句也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段尾。）主題句也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實(shí)依據(jù)作者先擺出事實(shí)依據(jù), , 層層推理論證層層推理論證, , 最后自然得出

12、結(jié)最后自然得出結(jié)論論, , 即段落的主題。即段落的主題。分析題干能力分析題干能力 Sample 3 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a clos

13、et is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.（3）在短文中間）在短文中間當(dāng)主題句被安排在段中間時(shí), 通常前面只提出問題,文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或引申在文中導(dǎo)出, 而后又對(duì)主題進(jìn)一步的解釋和發(fā)展.分析題干能力分析題干能力（三）推理判斷題（三）推理判斷題1 1. .推斷題的出題范圍：推斷題的出題范圍： 對(duì)對(duì)具體細(xì)節(jié)具體細(xì)節(jié)、作者態(tài)度作者態(tài)度、事態(tài)發(fā)展事態(tài)發(fā)展及及詞義詞義進(jìn)行推斷。進(jìn)行推斷。 分析題干能力分析題干能力3.解推斷

14、題應(yīng)注意：解推斷題應(yīng)注意： (1)不能以不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)自己的觀點(diǎn)代替代替作者的觀點(diǎn)作者的觀點(diǎn)； (2) 區(qū)分區(qū)分作者的態(tài)度作者的態(tài)度和文中和文中人物的態(tài)度人物的態(tài)度； （3）推理的根據(jù)來自于）推理的根據(jù)來自于上下文上下文。 分析題干能力分析題干能力Example 1 One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂蟑螂) and two spiders.” “What do you need th

15、ese things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”Q： The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was _.A. very clean

16、B. just cleaned by the landlordC. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房東要求房屋必須是他租進(jìn)來時(shí)的原解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房東要求房屋必須是他租進(jìn)來時(shí)的原樣，所以他須買些老鼠和蟑螂等昆蟲對(duì)房屋進(jìn)行樣，所以他須買些老鼠和蟑螂等昆蟲對(duì)房屋進(jìn)行“恢復(fù)恢復(fù)”，因此推出，因此推出答案為答案為D D。 分析題干能力分析題干能力Example 2 Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usual

17、ly do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is OK，they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes. Mr. Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong.

18、 He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or air planes. Mr. Neff knows almost everything. He doesnt ask questions；he answers questions. He never says，“I dont know.”Q： W

19、hich of the following best describes the writers attitude to Mr. Neff?A. He finds Mr. Neff hard to understand.B. He thinks Mr. Neff wonderful.C. He feels pity for Mr. Neff.D. He does not like Mr. Neff.解析：從作者的語氣中我們可以體會(huì)他的態(tài)度，特別是解析：從作者的語氣中我們可以體會(huì)他的態(tài)度，特別是Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of

20、 the buses or the airplanes. 誤了車或飛誤了車或飛機(jī)本該是人的失誤怎能歸咎于車或飛機(jī)呢？明顯是譏諷，也是暗示他機(jī)本該是人的失誤怎能歸咎于車或飛機(jī)呢？明顯是譏諷，也是暗示他對(duì)對(duì)Mr. Neff的討厭之情。答案為的討厭之情。答案為D。 分析題干能力分析題干能力如何根據(jù)上下文判斷詞語的涵義如何根據(jù)上下文判斷詞語的涵義 解這類題我們通常定位到劃線的詞、短語或句子的前后句，然后解這類題我們通常定位到劃線的詞、短語或句子的前后句，然后確定答案。確定答案。 分析題干能力分析題干能力例如：例如： The old man put on his spectacles and began

21、 to read The door was so low that I hit the head on the lintel 猜詞能力猜詞能力例如：例如： Skimming means looking over a passage quickly to get the main idea before you begin to read it carefully 例如：例如： The doctor is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye 例如：例如： Mr. Smith always arrives home punctually，

22、neither early nor late .，and other Germanic and Nordic peoples，who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon（or Old English），），a Germanic language 猜詞能力猜詞能力 uOne of the obstacles to false reading is vocalizingsaying the words to themselves in a low voice uThe early scientific study of chemistry，known as alc

23、hemy，grew up in Egypt in the first few centuries AD 猜詞能力猜詞能力文章中的代詞文章中的代詞it，that，he，him或或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和和that還可以指一件事。有時(shí)代詞指代的對(duì)象相隔較遠(yuǎn)，要認(rèn)真查找。還可以指一件事。有時(shí)代詞指代的對(duì)象相隔較遠(yuǎn)，要認(rèn)真查找。 例如（例如（NMET2006，A篇）篇）原題原題： What does the underlined word it（paragraph 2）refer to？ ADiscovering the moons inner space BUsing the earths inner space CMeeting the moon people“ again DTraveling to outer space 原文：原文：However，the question that moon people asked is still an interesting oneA growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it猜詞能力猜詞能力由此可以看出由此可以看出it指上句中