現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解一 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞have/has+過去分詞(done)二句型：否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他.簡略答語: Yes, 主語 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主語 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)三用法（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果I have spent all of my money (so far).(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.) Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含義：郭子君現(xiàn)在在這兒)My

2、 father has gone to work.(含義是:我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒) （2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作（用行為動(dòng)詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be動(dòng)詞表示）常與for（+時(shí)間段）,since（+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過去時(shí)的句子）連用.for+時(shí)段since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（譯為：自從以來）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.四.has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的區(qū)別Have/Has gone(to) :去了(現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場)Wher

3、e is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) :去過（已不在去過的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.五現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義之一是過去完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響,用以下四大標(biāo)志詞可以表達(dá)這種含義:* 以already, just和yet為標(biāo)志He has already got h

4、er help.他已得到她的幫助。He has just seen the film.他剛剛看過這場電影。He hasn't come back yet.他還沒有回來。* 以ever和never為標(biāo)志This is the best film I have ever seen.這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。He has never been to Beijing.他從沒有到過北京。* 以動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志He says he has been to the USA three times. 他說他已經(jīng)去過美國三次了。* 以so far（到目前為止）為標(biāo)He has got to B

5、eijing so far.到目前為止他已到了北京。She has passed the exam so far.到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了考試。2.過去已經(jīng)開始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去,我們可以從動(dòng)作“延續(xù)”的特性和“時(shí)間”點(diǎn)段的區(qū)分入手,進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。* for+時(shí)段 since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（過去 從句）為標(biāo)志 注意： 1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與過去的時(shí)間狀語連用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago等; 2)不能與when連用 六過去分詞 1 、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。四

6、點(diǎn)變化規(guī)則：(1)、一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited(2)、以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”。live-lived-lived ,(3)、以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將 "y" 變?yōu)?"i" ，再加“ ed ”。study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried(4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ ed ”。stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-droppe

7、d2 、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：AAA型原型 過去式 過去分詞Burst- burst- burst hurt- hurt- hurt let- let- let cost- cost- costcut- cut- cutHit- hit- hit put put- put set- set- set shut -shut shut spread- spread- spreadRead- read -read read原形發(fā)音為/ri:d/,過去式和過去分詞發(fā)音為/red/AAB型beat- beat- beatenABA型become- became- become run- ran- run come

8、- came- come特殊情況ABB型bring- brought- brought buy bought bought build built builtburn burnt burnt catch caught caught dig dug dug feel felt feltfight fought fought find found found hear heard heardhold held held keep kept kept lay laid laidlead led led lose lost lost make made mademeet met met sell so

9、ld sold shoot shot shotsit sat sat stand stood stood sweep swept sweptteach taught taught tell told told think thought thoughtwin won wonABC型begin began begun blow blew blown break broke brokenchoose chose chosen draw drew drawn drive drove drivendrink drank drunk fly flew flown forgive forgave forg

10、ivenforget forgot forgotten give gave given grow grew grownknow knew known sing sang sung swim swam swumthrow threw thrown write wrote written現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)(一)A)選用have, has填空:1.I _ told him the news.2.She _ come back from school.3.You _ won the game.B)按要求改寫下列各句:4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句)_5.He ha

11、s lost his book.(先改成一般疑問句,再作肯定與否定回答)_C) 單項(xiàng)選擇6. -Where have you _, Kate?-I've _ to the bank.A. gone, goneB. been, beenC. gone, beenD. been, gone7. Her grandfather _ for two years.A. diedB. has diedC. has been deadD. has been died8. It's six weeks _ I met you last.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. fo

12、r9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.A. have gotB. have gone toC. have been toD. have reached現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)（二）一、 單項(xiàng)選擇。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _what's happened to him .（呼和浩特）. knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .nev

13、er .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . c

14、hanged ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、These f

15、armers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has be

16、en in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made13、How long have you _ here ?About two months . been . gone . come . Arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun. has been on . began15、 It _ ten years since h

17、e left the army . is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. dont they

18、C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, gotC. How long, came D. How far, arrived20、 His uncle_for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to workC. has lived there D. has left the university二、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、He h

19、as never surfed, ?（改成反意疑問句）2、They have been here since 2000. (對劃線部分提問)_they been here?3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die) （動(dòng)詞填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has

20、been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子)_三、 漢譯英。1、 吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。2、 他昨天收到一封信。3、 我父親以

21、前到過長城。4、 她還沒有看過那部新電影。5、 她去過上海。一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚攸c(diǎn)在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時(shí)間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是。2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。故2應(yīng)選B。3、C4、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與recently（近來），so far（到目前為止），in the past/“l(fā)ast + 一段時(shí)間

22、”等時(shí)間狀語連用。因?yàn)樯鲜龆陶Z表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時(shí)間，句中的動(dòng)作是從過去某一時(shí)間或時(shí)刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故4應(yīng)選D。5、C6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)常與“for +時(shí)間段或since +過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用（含從句，從句過去時(shí)）。故6應(yīng)選C。7、C8、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還與once（一次），twice（兩次），three times（三次），several times（幾次）等表示重復(fù)次數(shù)的詞語連用。故8應(yīng)選B。9、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)容易混淆，就是因?yàn)樗鼈兯硎镜膭?dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去，但二者又有區(qū)別：一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，說話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于陳述一件過去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過