高考語(yǔ)法名詞性從句ppt課件

1、Lecture 2 名詞性從句NOUN CLAUSES名詞名詞1.名詞：名詞： 表示人或事物的稱號(hào)的詞叫表示人或事物的稱號(hào)的詞叫名詞。名詞。2.名詞的句法作用：名詞在句中主要名詞的句法作用：名詞在句中主要作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。另外還可表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。另外還可以作定語(yǔ)以作定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)。名詞性從句名詞性從句名詞性從句：名詞性從句： 在英語(yǔ)的句子構(gòu)造中，本來(lái)該由名詞充任在英語(yǔ)的句子構(gòu)造中，本來(lái)該由名詞充任的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，由一個(gè)句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，由一個(gè)句子來(lái)充任子來(lái)充任 這個(gè)句子就叫名詞性從句。這個(gè)句子就叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的種類：名詞性從句的種類：名詞性

2、從句可以分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句可以分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞連接代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever連接副詞how, why, when, where， however, wherever連接詞that, whether, if, because，as if /as though（不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分） 注：在名詞性從句中一概用陳說(shuō)句的語(yǔ)序，注：在名詞性從句中一概用陳說(shuō)句的語(yǔ)序，即使從句表達(dá)的是疑問(wèn)含義。即使從句表達(dá)的是疑問(wèn)含義。 The proble

3、m is what he has done to The problem is what he has done to the little boy.the little boy.How he succeeded is unknown to us.How he succeeded is unknown to us.Where we should hold the meeting Where we should hold the meeting needs to be discussed.needs to be discussed.名詞性從句的種類名詞性從句的種類名詞性從句1.1.主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從

4、句在句中作主語(yǔ)的句子叫主語(yǔ)從句在句中作主語(yǔ)的句子叫主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句聯(lián)絡(luò)詞主語(yǔ)從句聯(lián)絡(luò)詞從屬連詞從屬連詞that，whether 銜接代詞銜接代詞what, who, which, whatever, whoever銜接副詞銜接副詞how,when,where, why等等1.1 that 1.1 that 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句1that1that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不同于其他引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不同于其他的連詞，在主語(yǔ)從句中無(wú)任何意的連詞，在主語(yǔ)從句中無(wú)任何意義，也不充任任何成分，只是單義，也不充任任何成分，只是單純的連詞，起銜接作用，通常不純的連詞，起銜接作用，通常不可以省略。可以省略。That h

5、e stole a bike was true. That he stole a bike was true. That he will win is certain.That he will win is certain.thatthat2that2that從句可以置于句首從句可以置于句首, ,強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)thatthat引引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，連詞導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，連詞thatthat不可省略。不可省略。1.That he would take the risk is true.1.That he would take the risk is true.2.That the driver could n

6、ot control his 2.That the driver could not control his car was obvious.car was obvious.thatthat3 3通常情況下，通常情況下，thatthat引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常用時(shí)，常用it it做方式主語(yǔ)，而將做方式主語(yǔ)，而將that-that-從句置于句尾，在這構(gòu)造中從句置于句尾，在這構(gòu)造中連詞連詞thatthat有時(shí)可以省略。有時(shí)可以省略。1.It made us very happy that she was 1.It made us very happy that she was chosen.

7、chosen.2. It isnt surprising (that) he has 2. It isnt surprising (that) he has married her.married her.thatthat4 4以以thatthat分詞為主語(yǔ)的句子是疑問(wèn)分詞為主語(yǔ)的句子是疑問(wèn)句，只能用先行句，只能用先行it it構(gòu)造。構(gòu)造。1. Is it certain that he will come?1. Is it certain that he will come?2. Is it true that he will take the 2. Is it true that he w

8、ill take the risk?risk?thatthat5 it5 it做方式主語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)做方式主語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)It +be +It +be +描畫詞描畫詞+that +that 從句從句It+be+It+be+名詞詞組名詞詞組+that-+that-分句分句It + be+ -edIt + be+ -ed分詞分詞+ that-+ that-從句從句it +be+it +be+不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞+that-+that-從句從句例句It is likely that he will come.It is likely that he will come.It is a pity that

9、 he missed the It is a pity that he missed the train.train.It is said that he is a famous It is said that he is a famous writer.writer.It seems that he is wrong.It seems that he is wrong.(Should) do1 1 在表示詫異、喜悅、遺憾、等感情顏色時(shí)，在表示詫異、喜悅、遺憾、等感情顏色時(shí)，that-that-從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也常用從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也常用shouldshould+ +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形It is

10、 important that he (should) attend It is important that he (should) attend the meeting.the meeting.2 2在表示建議、要求、命令等意義的被動(dòng)構(gòu)造在表示建議、要求、命令等意義的被動(dòng)構(gòu)造中，中，that-that-分句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用分句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用shouldshoulddodoIt is suggested that the meeting It is suggested that the meeting (should) be held this afternoon.(should) be

11、held this afternoon.1.2whether1.2whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句意為意為“能否，只起鏈接作用，不充任能否，只起鏈接作用，不充任任何成分。任何成分。Whether he will come is uncertain.whetherwhether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句1 1從句置于句首時(shí)必需用從句置于句首時(shí)必需用whetherwhether引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)2 2置于句尾時(shí)，有時(shí)置于句尾時(shí)，有時(shí)ifif可以和可以和whetherwhether交換。交換。Whether she comes or not doesnt Whether she comes or not

12、doesnt concern me.concern me.I dont concern whether/if she comes.I dont concern whether/if she comes.1.31.3銜接代詞和銜接副詞銜接代詞和銜接副詞在句中既保管本人的疑問(wèn)含義、又起銜在句中既保管本人的疑問(wèn)含義、又起銜接作用，在從句中充任成分。接作用，在從句中充任成分。Who will win the match is still Who will win the match is still unknown. unknown. Where the English evening will be

13、 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. held has not yet been announced. What he wants to tell us is not What he wants to tell us is not clear. clear. 連詞代詞連詞代詞whatwhat、whowho、whichwhich、whosewhose這些銜接代詞作用相當(dāng)于代詞，在主語(yǔ)從這些銜接代詞作用相當(dāng)于代詞，在主語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。What w

14、e need is more time.賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)Whose book it is is not important.表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)Which school you want to go matters much.定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)銜接副詞銜接副詞when,where,why,howwhen,where,why,how這些銜接副詞相當(dāng)于副詞，在主語(yǔ)從這些銜接副詞相當(dāng)于副詞，在主語(yǔ)從句中充任狀語(yǔ)。句中充任狀語(yǔ)。Why he did this is not known.When he will come is still unknow.留意：用作主語(yǔ)的留意：用作主語(yǔ)的wh-wh-引導(dǎo)的主引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句也常用語(yǔ)從句也

15、常用it it做方式主語(yǔ)。做方式主語(yǔ)。It is not know why he did this.It is not know why he did this.It is not yet clear who was It is not yet clear who was responsible for the acident.responsible for the acident.主語(yǔ)從句特點(diǎn)主語(yǔ)從句特點(diǎn)1 1、引導(dǎo)詞：、引導(dǎo)詞：whatwhichwhosewhenwhetherifwhatwhichwhosewhenwhetherifwhere where 2 2語(yǔ)序：賓語(yǔ)從句必需是用陳說(shuō)

16、語(yǔ)句。語(yǔ)序：賓語(yǔ)從句必需是用陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)句。練習(xí)練習(xí)39._be sent to work there?02上海A. Who do you suggestB. Who do you suggest that shouldC. Do you suggest who shouldD. Do you suggest whom shouldA找出主句，確定主句中短少的成分是主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句用陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)序練習(xí)練習(xí)38. _ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your account.05上海 A. Wha

17、t is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requiresC確定是that引導(dǎo)從句置于句尾，應(yīng)為it做方式主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)答案確定句型：it +be+-ed分詞+that-從句。解題步驟1 1找出主句找出主句2 2確定從句在主句中充任的成分主賓確定從句在主句中充任的成分主賓表同表同3 3根據(jù)分句句型、成分缺失等情況確定根據(jù)分句句型、成分缺失等情況確定銜接詞銜接詞練習(xí)39. _ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.07上海A. That B.

18、What C. Whether D.WhereB找出主句，確定從句充任主句的主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)從句確定短少的是從句中to的賓語(yǔ)，選what練習(xí)36. It has been proved_eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.08上海A. if B. because C. when D. thatD空格后句子成分完好，缺失的詞不充任任何成分且沒(méi)有意義推斷是that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，并由句首it確定是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，空格填that練習(xí)37. It is immediat

19、ely clear _ the financial crisis will soon be over.09上海A. since B. what C. when D. whetherD確定主句在句尾且意思完好，句首it為方式主語(yǔ)其強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，確定是that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。2 賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句名詞句用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從名詞句用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。句。 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句句表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)中可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。詞的賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)從句必需用陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)序。賓

20、語(yǔ)從句必需用陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)序。2.1賓語(yǔ)從句的銜接詞1 1從屬連詞從屬連詞 that, if, whetherthat, if, whether2 2銜接代詞銜接代詞who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whicheverwhosever,whatever,whichever等等3 3銜接副詞銜接副詞when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,howeve

21、rhowever等等. .thatthat引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句由銜接詞由銜接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that在在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí)列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。不可省。 He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 留意點(diǎn):1.1.在在demand, order, suggest, advise, demand, order, suggest, advise, decide

22、, insist, desire, request, decide, insist, desire, request, commandcommand等表示要求、命令、建議、決議等等表示要求、命令、建議、決議等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語(yǔ)從句常用意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語(yǔ)從句常用 “should+ “should+ 動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞原形。 I insist that she (should) do her I insist that she (should) do her work alone. work alone. The commander ordered that troops The commander

23、ordered that troops (should) set off at once. (should) set off at once. 留意點(diǎn):2.2.但是但是, , 假設(shè)假設(shè)suggestsuggest作作“闡明、暗示講闡明、暗示講, , insistinsist作作“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)、堅(jiān)持以為講，那么堅(jiān)持說(shuō)、堅(jiān)持以為講，那么其后的賓語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)該用陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)氣。其后的賓語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)該用陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)氣。 The smile on his face suggested that The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination

24、. he had passed the examination. I want to know what he has told you. I want to know what he has told you. She always thinks of how she can work She always thinks of how she can work well. well. She will give whoever needs help a She will give whoever needs help a warm support. warm support. whether

25、 whether或或if if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)句引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)句只需賓語(yǔ)從句可用只需賓語(yǔ)從句可用ifif賓從中出現(xiàn)賓從中出現(xiàn)or notor not必需用必需用whetherwhether主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句只用主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句只用whether. whether. I donI dont know whether he will come or t know whether he will come or not.not.He asked if she would come.He asked if she would come.whetherwhether或或whatwhat介

26、詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用whetherwhether和和whatwhat。thatthat只在只在except, but, besidesexcept, but, besides等之后才等之后才引導(dǎo)介詞賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)介詞賓語(yǔ)從句I donI dont care about whether you have t care about whether you have money or not. money or not. Everything depends on whether we Everything depends on whether we have enough mone

27、y. have enough money. 2.22.2賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng) 賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)受主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)受主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的影響，假設(shè)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是普通如今的影響，假設(shè)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是普通如今時(shí)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用各種時(shí)態(tài)；時(shí)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用各種時(shí)態(tài)； I know that he studies English every I know that he studies English every day. day. I know that he studied English last I know that he studied E

28、nglish last term. term. We all know that he has studied We all know that he has studied English since 2019. English since 2019. 銜接代詞銜接代詞whoeverwhoever，whateverwhatever，whicheverwhichever銜接代詞銜接代詞whoeverwhoever，whateverwhatever，whicheverwhichever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，相當(dāng)于可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，相當(dāng)于anyone who, anyone who, anything

29、 thatanything that等。它們也可以引導(dǎo)退讓狀等。它們也可以引導(dǎo)退讓狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于 no matter who/ what/ no matter who/ what/ whichwhich。 Whoever breaks the law should be Whoever breaks the law should be punished. punished. No matter who breaks the law should No matter who breaks the law should be punished. be punished. 時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)時(shí)

30、態(tài)呼應(yīng)假設(shè)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了普經(jīng)過(guò)去時(shí)，假設(shè)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了普經(jīng)過(guò)去時(shí)，那么從句中的語(yǔ)動(dòng)只能用過(guò)去時(shí)的某種方那么從句中的語(yǔ)動(dòng)只能用過(guò)去時(shí)的某種方式，如普經(jīng)過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)展時(shí)，過(guò)去未式，如普經(jīng)過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)展時(shí)，過(guò)去未來(lái)時(shí)等；來(lái)時(shí)等； We believed that he had earned enough We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house. money to build a house. The teacher told us that Tom had left The teacher told u

31、s that Tom had left us for Americaus for America 時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然景象，那么從句仍用如今時(shí)態(tài)。然景象，那么從句仍用如今時(shí)態(tài)。 The teacher told us that the sun The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.rises in the east.2.32.3否認(rèn)詞的轉(zhuǎn)移否認(rèn)詞的轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)主句是當(dāng)主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, I/ We think (suppo

32、se, expect, believe, guess, imagine) believe, guess, imagine) 時(shí)，其后的賓時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句假設(shè)能否認(rèn)方式，常把否認(rèn)詞語(yǔ)從句假設(shè)能否認(rèn)方式，常把否認(rèn)詞notnot從從從句中轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中成為否認(rèn)的轉(zhuǎn)移。從句中轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中成為否認(rèn)的轉(zhuǎn)移。We donWe dont believe that he will win the t believe that he will win the game. game. I donI dont think he will do so. t think he will do so. doubt/ be

33、suredoubt/ be suredoubtdoubt用于一定構(gòu)造時(shí)，后面用用于一定構(gòu)造時(shí)，后面用whether/ whether/ if if 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；用于否認(rèn)構(gòu)造或疑問(wèn)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；用于否認(rèn)構(gòu)造或疑問(wèn)構(gòu)造時(shí)，后面用構(gòu)造時(shí)，后面用 that that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。be sure be sure 用于一定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，后接用于一定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，后接 that that 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句；用于否認(rèn)句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句；用于否認(rèn)句時(shí)，后接后接whether/if whether/if 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。 I doubt whether/if he

34、 will come.I doubt whether/if he will come.I dont doubt that he will come.I dont doubt that he will come.總結(jié)：總結(jié)：1賓語(yǔ)從句必需用陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)序。 2有時(shí)候可以用it 作方式賓語(yǔ)，而把真正的賓語(yǔ)從句放在后面。3帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句的否認(rèn)方式普通能否認(rèn)主句。4主句普經(jīng)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。練習(xí)39. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning _his teammates had done.06上海A. w

35、hat B. which C. whyD. whileA 找出主語(yǔ)，確定從句與主句主語(yǔ)在邏輯上是主賓構(gòu)造，明確從句中短少done的賓語(yǔ)，選擇A解題步驟1 1找出主句找出主句2 2確定從句在主句中充任的成分主賓表同確定從句在主句中充任的成分主賓表同3 3根據(jù)分句句型、成分缺失等情況確定銜接根據(jù)分句句型、成分缺失等情況確定銜接詞詞40It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today .03上海Athat Bwhen Cwhat Dhow C 確定主句，

36、確定從句做主句謂語(yǔ)understood的賓語(yǔ)從句，確定賓語(yǔ)從句短少主語(yǔ)，what本身可充任主語(yǔ)且有意義。34. As his best friend. I can make accurate guesses about_he will do or think.08上海A. what B. which C. whom D. thatA.確定主句，確定從句做about的賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)從句中短少成分是do or think的賓語(yǔ)，答案是what3 3表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)是用來(lái)闡明主語(yǔ)的表語(yǔ)是用來(lái)闡明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和形狀的，表語(yǔ)常由征和形狀的，表語(yǔ)常由名詞、描畫詞、副詞、

37、名詞、描畫詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、動(dòng)介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、動(dòng)詞的詞的-ing-ing、從句來(lái)充任，、從句來(lái)充任，它常位于系動(dòng)詞它常位于系動(dòng)詞be, be, become, appear, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,geseem,look,sound,feel,get,smellt,smell等詞之后。等詞之后。表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句: :在整個(gè)句子中充任表語(yǔ)。在整個(gè)句子中充任表語(yǔ)。其根本構(gòu)造為：其根本構(gòu)造為： 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + + 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞 + + 表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句 表語(yǔ)從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用表語(yǔ)從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用as if, as if,

38、 because because 引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣。聯(lián)絡(luò)詞聯(lián)絡(luò)詞that, what, who, when, where, that, what, who, when, where, which, why,whether,how.whoeverwhich, why,whether,how.whoever，whomeverwhomever，whichever whichever ，whateverwhatever等等3.1that3.1that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句thatthat引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句無(wú)任

39、何意義，不充任任引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句無(wú)任何意義，不充任任何句子成分，通常不省略。何句子成分，通常不省略。1.1.表示現(xiàn)實(shí)、真理等的實(shí)踐內(nèi)容表示現(xiàn)實(shí)、真理等的實(shí)踐內(nèi)容The fact is that he is lying.The fact is that he is lying.2. 2. 表示某人的意見(jiàn)、信心等的實(shí)踐內(nèi)容。表示某人的意見(jiàn)、信心等的實(shí)踐內(nèi)容。Our belief is that we are short of Our belief is that we are short of money.money.留意：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是留意：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason reason 時(shí)，表語(yǔ)時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句要用從句

40、要用thatthat引導(dǎo)而不是引導(dǎo)而不是becausebecause。 This is because he missed the train This is because he missed the train by one minute.by one minute.The reason why he was late was that The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute he missed the train by one minute this morning. this morni

41、ng. 3.2whether3.2whether引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句此時(shí)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句此時(shí)不可用不可用if if替代替代whetherwhetherThe question is whether people will The question is whether people will buy it.buy it.It was uncertain whether he would It was uncertain whether he would e.3.33.3銜接詞銜接詞銜接詞有：銜接詞有：thatthat無(wú)任何意義，不無(wú)任何意義，不充任任何句子成分充任任何句子成分, what, who, ,

42、what, who, when, where, which, why, when, where, which, why, whether, howwhether, how，whoeverwhoever，whomeverwhomever，whichever whichever ，whateverwhatever含單詞本身意思，充任句子成分含單詞本身意思，充任句子成分等等留意：留意：1 1表語(yǔ)從句一定要用陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)序。表語(yǔ)從句一定要用陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)序。2 2不可以用不可以用ifif，而用，而用whether whether 銜接表語(yǔ)銜接表語(yǔ)從句從句(as if (as if 例外。例外。3 3不像賓語(yǔ)從句，在

43、有表語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合不像賓語(yǔ)從句，在有表語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，主句時(shí)態(tài)和從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不一句中，主句時(shí)態(tài)和從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不一致。致。4 that4 that在表語(yǔ)從句中不可以省掉。在表語(yǔ)從句中不可以省掉。練習(xí)練習(xí)35. One advantage of playing the guitar is _it can give you a great deal of pleasure.06上海A. how B. why C. that D. whenC找出主句，確定從句做主句的表語(yǔ)，從句意思及成分完好，所以確定選that ，無(wú)任何意義不充任句子成分，用來(lái)闡明主句的內(nèi)容。解題步驟解題步驟1 1找出主句找出主句2

44、2確定從句在主句中充任的成分主賓表同確定從句在主句中充任的成分主賓表同3 3根據(jù)分句句型、成分缺失等情況確定銜接根據(jù)分句句型、成分缺失等情況確定銜接詞詞40. The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed to make us do so. 07上海A. when B. whyC. whetherD. thatD找出主句，確定從句做主句的表語(yǔ)，從句意思及成分完好，所以確定選that ，無(wú)任何意義不充任句子成分,用來(lái)闡明主句的內(nèi)容。練習(xí)練習(xí)40 Perseverance is a kind of quali

45、ty and thats _ it takes to do anything well.02上海A. whatB. thatC. which D. whyA找到主句，從句在is后做表語(yǔ)，從句中短少take的賓語(yǔ)，確定what做take的賓語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。4 4同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)一個(gè)名詞一個(gè)名詞( (或其它方式或其它方式) )對(duì)另一個(gè)名詞或代詞對(duì)另一個(gè)名詞或代詞進(jìn)展修飾，限定或闡明，這個(gè)名詞進(jìn)展修飾，限定或闡明，這個(gè)名詞( (或其或其它方式它方式) )就是同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)與被它限定就是同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)與被它限定的詞的格要一致，并經(jīng)常緊挨在一同。的詞的格要一致，并經(jīng)常緊挨在一同。同位語(yǔ)從

46、句同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句普通跟在某些表示籠統(tǒng)概同位語(yǔ)從句普通跟在某些表示籠統(tǒng)概念念 的名詞后的名詞后, ,如如 idea idea，planplan，factfact，theorytheory，promisepromise，hopehope，newsnews，doubtdoubt，truthtruth，informationinformation，suggestionsuggestion，questionquestion， thought thought，beliefbelief，conclusionconclusion等，用來(lái)闡明名等，用來(lái)闡明名詞所表示的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。詞所表示的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。4.14

47、.1引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的銜接詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的銜接詞銜接詞有銜接詞有that, whetherthat, whether銜接副詞銜接副詞when, where, why, howwhen, where, why, how銜接代詞銜接代詞whowho，whatwhat，whosewhose，whichwhich I have no idea when she will be I have no idea when she will be back. back. 注：注：that:that:引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的thatthat不能省略不能省略Whether:Whether:連詞連詞whet

48、herwhether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,if,if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：thatthat作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，充任句子成分，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)句，充任句子成分，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略；時(shí)可以省略； thatthat引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，起連詞的作引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒(méi)有實(shí)踐意義，不充任句子成分，用，沒(méi)有實(shí)踐意義，不充任句子成分，普通不能省略。普通不能省略。例例I had no idea that you were here.I had no idea that you w

49、ere here.(that(that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句, ,不能省略不能省略Have you got the ideaHave you got the ideathatthatthis this book gives you of life in ancient book gives you of life in ancient GreeceGreece？(that(that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略總結(jié)：總結(jié)：1.1.同位語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞無(wú)意義，不充任成分，同位語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞無(wú)意義，不充任成分，不可省略。不可省略。2.2.同位語(yǔ)從句與其所闡明的名詞或代詞應(yīng)同位語(yǔ)從句與其所闡明的名詞或代詞應(yīng)為同一內(nèi)容。為同一內(nèi)容。3.3.同位語(yǔ)從句前普通沒(méi)有逗號(hào)。同位語(yǔ)從句前普通沒(méi)有逗號(hào)。練習(xí)練習(xí)44There is a new