周無(wú)主句的譯法課件

1、周無(wú)主句的譯法無(wú)主句譯法無(wú)主句譯法周無(wú)主句的譯法無(wú)主句譯法無(wú)主句譯法Chinese and English have different systems of subjects and predicates. Subjects in English are usually assumed by nouns, noun phrases or structures that have similar functions like nominal clauses, but in Chinese by a lot of other elements. The following is a list o

2、f the elements that act as subjects in Chinese.(1) nouns or noun phrases as subjects (2) verbs or verb phrases as subjects (3) adjectives or adjective phrases as subjects 周無(wú)主句的譯法 (1) nouns or noun phrases as subjects 春天春天過(guò)去了。 一本一本五毛錢。 工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)得到了大發(fā)展。 長(zhǎng)江一帶長(zhǎng)江一帶是水稻產(chǎn)區(qū)。 (2) verbs or verb phrases as sub

3、jects 說(shuō)說(shuō)比做容易。 堅(jiān)持下去堅(jiān)持下去就是勝利。 專心地聽(tīng)專心地聽(tīng)才能聽(tīng)懂。 吃苦吃苦，他不怕。 (3) Adjectives or adjective phrases as subjects 勤儉勤儉是一種美德。 甜滋滋的甜滋滋的，挺好吃。周無(wú)主句的譯法I.漢語(yǔ)無(wú)主句特點(diǎn)漢語(yǔ)無(wú)主句特點(diǎn)* 在漢語(yǔ)中，在漢語(yǔ)中，只有謂語(yǔ)部分而沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)部分只有謂語(yǔ)部分而沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)部分的句子叫做無(wú)主句的句子叫做無(wú)主句。這里所謂的無(wú)主句，。這里所謂的無(wú)主句，并不是省略了主語(yǔ)的句子，而是在漢語(yǔ)習(xí)并不是省略了主語(yǔ)的句子，而是在漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上就這么講、這么寫慣上就這么講、這么寫 。至于其主語(yǔ)到底。至于其主語(yǔ)到底是什么，往往

4、很難確定。但是這種句子在是什么，往往很難確定。但是這種句子在任何語(yǔ)言環(huán)境下都能表達(dá)完整明確的意思，任何語(yǔ)言環(huán)境下都能表達(dá)完整明確的意思，如：如：“房子前面有一棵樹(shù)，樹(shù)下拴著一頭房子前面有一棵樹(shù)，樹(shù)下拴著一頭老牛老?！?，“刮風(fēng)了，要下雨了刮風(fēng)了，要下雨了”，“要吃要吃什么，盡管跟我說(shuō)什么，盡管跟我說(shuō)”等等。等等。周無(wú)主句的譯法II.翻譯思路翻譯思路 漢語(yǔ)句子中主語(yǔ)隱含或無(wú)主語(yǔ)時(shí)?？梢?jiàn)。譯成英文必須依照英語(yǔ)的要求，將主語(yǔ)增補(bǔ)進(jìn)來(lái)，或者另覓它途。進(jìn)行增補(bǔ)時(shí)首先要推敲語(yǔ)境，其次要考慮英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法習(xí)慣和行文的需要。另覓它途時(shí)要考慮句子的功能以及和上下文的銜接情況。 構(gòu)建翻譯句子的整體框架構(gòu)建翻譯句子的整體框

5、架 確定譯文整個(gè)句子中各個(gè)成分，尤其是確確定譯文整個(gè)句子中各個(gè)成分，尤其是確定以什么作為英語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)。定以什么作為英語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)。周無(wú)主句的譯法III. 翻譯方法翻譯方法 添加適當(dāng)?shù)拇~或名詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)添加適當(dāng)?shù)拇~或名詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ) 用用 “it” 充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)充當(dāng)主語(yǔ) 采用英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)譯出采用英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)譯出 采用采用 “There be”結(jié)構(gòu)譯出結(jié)構(gòu)譯出 漢語(yǔ)祈使句譯成英語(yǔ)祈使句漢語(yǔ)祈使句譯成英語(yǔ)祈使句 采用倒裝語(yǔ)序譯出采用倒裝語(yǔ)序譯出 將非主語(yǔ)成分轉(zhuǎn)為主語(yǔ)將非主語(yǔ)成分轉(zhuǎn)為主語(yǔ)周無(wú)主句的譯法 A. Adding subjects B. Using the empty subject “it” C. Tr

6、anslating into English passive sentences D. Translating into English “There be” or “It + be+to” structure E. Translating into English imperative sentences F. Translating into English inversion G. Converting the non-subject part into subject周無(wú)主句的譯法A. Adding subjects Since an English sentence usually

7、requires a subject, the translator can add the subject that is omitted in the Chinese original when he translates a Chinese subjectless sentence. For instance, 添加適當(dāng)?shù)拇~或名詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)添加適當(dāng)?shù)拇~或名詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ) 你一旦開(kāi)始，就必須繼續(xù)下去。你一旦開(kāi)始，就必須繼續(xù)下去。 Once you begin, you must continue. (amplification) 活到老，學(xué)到老?；畹嚼?，學(xué)到老。 One is never t

8、oo old to learn. It is never too late to learn. It is never too old to learn.周無(wú)主句的譯法 不入虎穴，焉得虎子。不入虎穴，焉得虎子。 If one does not enter a tigers den, how can one get a tigers cub? Nothing ventured, nothing gained. 忍一時(shí)風(fēng)平浪靜，退一步海闊天空。忍一時(shí)風(fēng)平浪靜，退一步海闊天空。 If you are patient during one moment of anger, you will escap

9、e a hundred days of sorrow. 不識(shí)盧山真面目，只緣身在此山中。不識(shí)盧山真面目，只緣身在此山中。 We cant get a good view of the mountain were standing in. 不以物喜，不以己悲。不以物喜，不以己悲。 We should not get affected by things around us, however stirring they may; neither should we feel sad about our misfortune.周無(wú)主句的譯法 只有走著瞧了。只有走著瞧了。 Only time can

10、tell. 弄不好，就會(huì)前功盡棄。弄不好，就會(huì)前功盡棄。 If things are not properly handled, our work will have been in vain. 白天里一定要做的事，一定要說(shuō)的話，現(xiàn)在都可白天里一定要做的事，一定要說(shuō)的話，現(xiàn)在都可不理。不理。 All that one is obliged to do, or say, in the daytime, can very well be cast aside now. （朱自清（朱自清荷塘月色荷塘月色，朱純深譯），朱純深譯） 這幾天心里頗不寧?kù)o，今晚在院子里坐著乘涼，這幾天心里頗不寧?kù)o，今晚在院子

11、里坐著乘涼，忽然想起日日走過(guò)的荷塘忽然想起日日走過(guò)的荷塘 I have felt quite upset recently. Tonight, when I was sitting in the yard enjoying the cool, it occurred to me that the Lotus Pond (同上同上)周無(wú)主句的譯法B. Using the empty subject “it” “It” in English is always used for weather, time, and some other natural phenomena. Some of the

12、 Chinese subjectless sentences describing natural phenomena or time can be translated into English sentences with “it” being the subject. 十點(diǎn)鐘了，他還沒(méi)有回來(lái)。十點(diǎn)鐘了，他還沒(méi)有回來(lái)。 Its ten oclock now. He didnt return home yet. 下雨了，我們快走吧。下雨了，我們快走吧。 Its raining now; lets hurry up. 要解決問(wèn)題，還須做系統(tǒng)而周密的調(diào)查工作和研究要解決問(wèn)題，還須做系統(tǒng)而周密的調(diào)

13、查工作和研究工作。工作。 In order to solve the problem it is necessary to make a systematic and thorough investigation and study周無(wú)主句的譯法 能不能提前完成計(jì)劃呢？能不能提前完成計(jì)劃呢？ Is it possible to carry out the plan ahead of time? 青天白日點(diǎn)燈籠青天白日點(diǎn)燈籠 白費(fèi)蠟。白費(fèi)蠟。 It is not necessary to light a candle to the sun. 不是因?yàn)椴淮嬖趩?wèn)題，而是因?yàn)榭床灰?jiàn)問(wèn)題。不是因?yàn)椴淮嬖?/p>

14、問(wèn)題，而是因?yàn)榭床灰?jiàn)問(wèn)題。 It is not that the problem is not there; it is just not visible. 要成功，就要付出勞動(dòng)。要成功，就要付出勞動(dòng)。 It will cost one / you a lot of effort to succeed in anything.周無(wú)主句的譯法C. Translating into English passive sentences 必須保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。必須保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。 The quality of product must be guaranteed. 去年發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種稀有元素。去年發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種稀有

15、元素。 A rare element was found last year. 封面上印著一個(gè)獵人的像。封面上印著一個(gè)獵人的像。 The figure of a hunter was printed on the cover. 沒(méi)有愛(ài)心，就無(wú)法了解人生。沒(méi)有愛(ài)心，就無(wú)法了解人生。 Life cannot be understood without much charity周無(wú)主句的譯法 墻上掛了一些畫。墻上掛了一些畫。 Some pictures were hung on the wall. 為什么總把這些麻煩事推給我呢？為什么總把這些麻煩事推給我呢？ Why should all the u

16、npleasant jobs be pushed on to me? 給了他兩天時(shí)間來(lái)作必要的準(zhǔn)備。給了他兩天時(shí)間來(lái)作必要的準(zhǔn)備。 Two days were allowed him to make the necessary preparations. He was allowed two days to make the necessary preparations. 沒(méi)有安定的政治環(huán)境，干什么都不成。沒(méi)有安定的政治環(huán)境，干什么都不成。 Nothing can be accomplished / achieved without a stable political environment

17、. 希望今后上海能夠與更多的外國(guó)城市結(jié)為友好城市。希望今后上海能夠與更多的外國(guó)城市結(jié)為友好城市。 It is hoped that Shanghai will establish friendly relationships with more foreign cities in future.周無(wú)主句的譯法D. Translating into English “There be” structure 除了槍聲，再?zèng)]有其他聲音了。除了槍聲，再?zèng)]有其他聲音了。 There was no sound but that of gunfire. 要發(fā)展就要變，不變就不會(huì)發(fā)展。要發(fā)展就要變，不變就不會(huì)

18、發(fā)展。 Development means change；without change，there can be no development 在經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的實(shí)踐中，已經(jīng)涌現(xiàn)了大批的優(yōu)秀人才。在經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的實(shí)踐中，已經(jīng)涌現(xiàn)了大批的優(yōu)秀人才。 There have emerged a large number of talented persons in economic construction. 不努力就不會(huì)成功。不努力就不會(huì)成功。 There is no success without effort.周無(wú)主句的譯法 沒(méi)有順利，無(wú)所謂困難；沒(méi)有困難，也無(wú)所謂順沒(méi)有順利，無(wú)所謂困難；沒(méi)有困難，也無(wú)

19、所謂順利。利。 Without facility, there would be no difficulty; without difficulty, there would also be no facility. Without facility, there would be no difficulty, and vice versa. 好多年以前，這個(gè)村子里住著六個(gè)盲人。好多年以前，這個(gè)村子里住著六個(gè)盲人。 A long, long time ago, there lived six blind men in this village. 樓下有人想和你說(shuō)話。樓下有人想和你說(shuō)話。 The

20、re is a man downstairs who wants to speak to you.周無(wú)主句的譯法E. Translating into English imperative sentences 此處不準(zhǔn)抽煙！此處不準(zhǔn)抽煙！ No smoking! 請(qǐng)大聲點(diǎn)！請(qǐng)大聲點(diǎn)！ Louder, please. 中華人民共和國(guó)萬(wàn)歲中華人民共和國(guó)萬(wàn)歲 Long live the Peoples Republic of China! 不自由，毋寧死。不自由，毋寧死。 Give me liberty or give me death. 周無(wú)主句的譯法E. Translating into Eng

21、lish imperative sentences 忠誠(chéng)黨的教育事業(yè)。忠誠(chéng)黨的教育事業(yè)。 Be loyal to the Partys educational cause. 對(duì)什么人說(shuō)什么話。對(duì)什么人說(shuō)什么話。 Speak different words to different people. 量體裁衣，看菜吃飯。量體裁衣，看菜吃飯。 Fit the dress to the figure and fit the appetite to the dishes Act according to the actual circumstances. 周無(wú)主句的譯法 不要去等待不要去等待“合適的時(shí)間

22、合適的時(shí)間”，現(xiàn)在就行動(dòng)！，現(xiàn)在就行動(dòng)！ Dont wait for the “right time”. Move now! 別費(fèi)心機(jī)去洞察女孩的心思，因?yàn)樗齻兛倓e費(fèi)心機(jī)去洞察女孩的心思，因?yàn)樗齻兛傇谧儭Ｔ谧儭?Dont bother to penetrate girls minds as they are always changing. Dont even try to understand a girls mind as it is always changing.周無(wú)主句的譯法F. Translating into English inversion 遠(yuǎn)處傳來(lái)悲壯的笳聲。遠(yuǎn)處傳來(lái)悲壯的

23、笳聲。 In the distance sounded a solemn，stirring reed flute 隨著一聲吼叫，呼地從樹(shù)林里竄出一只老虎來(lái)。隨著一聲吼叫，呼地從樹(shù)林里竄出一只老虎來(lái)。 Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes. 山里住著個(gè)虔誠(chéng)的老和尚。山里住著個(gè)虔誠(chéng)的老和尚。 In the mountain lived an old devout monk.周無(wú)主句的譯法 地下埋藏著大量的金、銀、銅、鉛和鋅。地下埋藏著大量的金、銀、銅、鉛和鋅。 Hidden underground is a wea

24、lth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc. 然而，找不到任何跡象表明這兩者之間存在著關(guān)系。然而，找不到任何跡象表明這兩者之間存在著關(guān)系。 Nowhere, however, are any indications found of those relationships holding between the two (things). 就在他們的試管中，放著世界上最早的部分純化的鐳的樣就在他們的試管中，放著世界上最早的部分純化的鐳的樣品。品。 Here in the bottom of their test tube lay the worlds

25、first partially purified sample of radium.周無(wú)主句的譯法G. Converting the non-subject part into subject 將非主語(yǔ)成分轉(zhuǎn)為主語(yǔ)將非主語(yǔ)成分轉(zhuǎn)為主語(yǔ) 在那桃花盛開(kāi)的地方，有我可愛(ài)的在那桃花盛開(kāi)的地方，有我可愛(ài)的故鄉(xiāng)故鄉(xiāng)。 My lovely hometown lies (in the place) where peach flowers are in blossom. 熱得熱得我我滿頭大汗。滿頭大汗。 Im all in a sweat. 有有你你的份。的份。 Youve got your share.周無(wú)主

26、句的譯法 認(rèn)識(shí)認(rèn)識(shí)落后落后，才能去改變，才能去改變落后落后；學(xué)習(xí)；學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn)先進(jìn)，才有可能趕超，才有可能趕超先進(jìn)。先進(jìn)。 Backwardness must be perceived before it can be fought. A person must learn from the advanced before he can catch up and surpass them. 只準(zhǔn)只準(zhǔn)州官州官放火，不準(zhǔn)放火，不準(zhǔn)百姓百姓點(diǎn)燈。點(diǎn)燈。 The magistrates are free to burn down houses, while the common people are fo

27、rbidden even to light lamps. 世上無(wú)難事世上無(wú)難事，只怕有心，只怕有心人人。 One man may steal a horse, while another may not look over the hedge. Nothing is difficult in the world if one puts his heart to it. Nothing in the world is difficult for the one who sets his heart on it.周無(wú)主句的譯法 如果以上方法都不妥，就要具體問(wèn)題具體對(duì)待。例如： 聰明一世，糊涂一時(shí)。聰明一世，糊涂一時(shí)。 Smart as a rule，but this time a fool 不怕一萬(wàn)，就怕萬(wàn)一。不怕一萬(wàn)，就怕萬(wàn)一。 You can