初中定語從句詳細(xì)講解

1、初中定語從句詳細(xì)講解語從句【中考命題預(yù)測】中考?？伎键c：1.考查以that與which引導(dǎo)的 定語從句；2 .考查以 who, whom 與 whose 引導(dǎo)的定語從句；3 .當(dāng)先行詞表示時間、地點或 原因在從句中作狀語時,用when,where或why, 相當(dāng)于“介詞+which"【?？碱}型】單選、完形、書面表達(dá)一、定語1）什么是定語：An interesting storyA beautiful girlThe tall boy is my brother.The boy in black coat is my brother定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，是對名 詞或代詞起修飾

2、、限定作用的詞、短語（動詞不 定式短語、動名詞短語和分詞短語）或句子，漢 語中常用，的，表示。主要由形容詞擔(dān)任，此 外，名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、分詞、副詞，不定式以 及介詞短語也可以來擔(dān)任，也可以由一個句子來 擔(dān)任。單詞作定語時通常放在它所修飾的詞之 前，作前置定語。短語和從句作定語時則放在所 修飾的詞之后，作后置定語。二、定語從句的定義試著翻譯一下：正在看書的男孩是我哥哥因為這個句子已經(jīng)不能用單純的一個單詞 或者短語來形容限定那個男孩，所以就要用更加 高級的 句子來修飾，這就是定語從句。 The boy is my brother.(主句)(2) The boy is reading a book

3、.(從句)將這兩個句子連接到一塊，就是我們今天要 學(xué)的定語從句在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫 定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語 從句一般放在先行詞的后面。(1)定語從句：在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語的 從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊接在先行詞后 面。(2)先行詞：被定語從句修飾的成份。先行 詞可以為一個名詞，短語，或整個主句。(3)關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞， 分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher.先行詞 定語從句昨天我在校門口看見的那個人

4、是我的英語 老師。 The boy is my brother.(主句)(2) The boy is reading a book.(從句)解析先行詞是the boy,而且在從句中是做主語, 所以可以用Who來代替從句中的the boy。因此 可以變?yōu)椋簑ho is reading a book.帶入后， 得到 The boy who is reading a book is my brother.三、定語從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose）等,關(guān)系副詞where, when, why等。關(guān)系

5、代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之 間起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的重要成分。 I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat.（關(guān)系代詞作主語）先行詞關(guān)系代詞我正在等穿著紅色外套的那個男孩。 The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.先行詞 關(guān)系代詞詞作賓語）（關(guān)系代我姐姐上周星期天給我的那本字典很貴。（3） The woman whose name is Linda Brown is his mother.（關(guān)系代

6、詞作定語）先行詞關(guān)系代詞那個是他的母親，名叫琳達(dá)布朗。 That is the house where my father used to live.（關(guān)系代詞作狀語）先行詞關(guān)系副詞那是我父親曾經(jīng)居住過的房子o三、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句L that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從 句中作主語或賓語，作主語時不可省略，作賓語 時可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。（that作主語） The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。（that 作

7、賓語）2. which用于指物，在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarkets位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市O（作主語） The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓 語）3. who, whom都用于指人,who用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如： The girl who often helps me wi

8、th myEnglish is from England.經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國 人。（作主語） Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to?正在與李明談話的老師是誰?（作賓 語）小結(jié)：that既可指人，也可指物，作主語， 不能省略；作賓語，可以省略。which指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略。who指人，作主語，不能省略；作賓 語（常用whom）,可以省略。注：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語 從句的謂語動詞形式由先行詞定。注意:1,關(guān)系詞只能用that而不用which的情況:.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，

9、或 本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用that,而不用whicho 例如：He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個通過考試的人。b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one 等不定代詞 時，只能用that,而不用whicho 例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？c.先行詞被 the only, the very, the same, th

10、e last, little, few等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用 whicho 例如：This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。d.先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用that, 而不用whicho例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，為避 免重復(fù)，只能用thato例如：Who is the girl that is crying?正在哭泣的

11、 那個女孩是誰？2.關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that的情況:a.先行詞為that, those時,用which,而不用 thato例如：What's that which is under the desk?在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時，一般用which,而不用 that .例如:This is the room in which he lives.這是他居 住的房間。C.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用which,而不用 thato例如：Tom came back, which made us happy.湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。四、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系副

12、詞 關(guān)系副詞：在句中作狀語 關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞why=for whichwhere=in/ at/ on/ . which （介詞同先行詞搭 配）when=during/ on/ in/ . which （介詞同先行詞 搭配）L where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語用 來表示地點的定語從句。(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten y ears ago has been pulled down.2. when引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時間。在定語從句 中做時間狀語也可做連接詞用(1) I

13、still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.3. why指原因 在定語從句中做原因狀語(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don't know the reason why he looks unhappy today.五、介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引 導(dǎo)的從句替換The reason why/ for

14、 which he refused the invitation is not clear,From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wantedwhen he grew up.注意：當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時， who, that, which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前 時，只能用“介詞+ which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： This is the house in which we lived last year.這 是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，

15、介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如:This is the person whom you are looking foe.這 就是你要找的那個人。that作介詞的賓語時，介詞不能放它的前面, 只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如：The city that she lives in is very far away.她居 住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。某些在從句中充當(dāng)時間，地點或原因狀語的” 介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when ,where 和why互換。This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where

16、I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which youjoined our club?Do you remember the day when you joined our club?This is the reason why he came late.This is the reason for which he came late.關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān) 系 代 詞who人主語Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which 和that在從句

17、 中做賓語時，常可以省略， 但介詞提前時 后面關(guān)系代詞 不能省略，也 不可以用thatwhom人賓語Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人,物定語I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate.that人，物主語，賓語A plane is a machine that can fly.She is

18、the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主語，賓語The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.關(guān) 系 副when時間時間狀語I will never forget the day when we met there.可用 on whichwhere地點地點狀語This is the house where I was born.可用 in which詞why原因原因狀語I can'

19、t imagine the reason why he tumed down mv offer.7可用 forwhich定語從句關(guān)系詞總結(jié):1. Does the teacher know everybody planted the trees?Yes, he does.A. which B. whose C. where D. who【答案】D【解析】該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代 詞的選擇。因為先行詞是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定 語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。2. The letter I received from him yesterday is very important.A.

20、who B. where C. what D. that【答案】D【解析】該題考查的是定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的 選擇。因為先行詞是物，而關(guān)系代詞在定語從句 中作賓語，所以只有that合適。3. He talked about the classmates and the school he had visited.A> who B> that C. which D.about which【答案】B【解析】考查先行詞即指人又指物的定語從句關(guān)系代詞，先行詞在限定性定語從句中作visited的賓語使用，先行詞既指人又指物。因此，答 案為B4 You have seen the girl si

21、ster is a Chinese teacher.B. of whom C. whoseA. whomD. of which【答案】C【解析】考查定語從句關(guān)系代詞。此句先行詞為 the girl,定語從句為 sister is a Chineseteacher,二者構(gòu)成的完整句為 The girl*s sister isa Chinese teacher.先行詞的's所有格構(gòu)成的所 屬關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)在從句中作定語。因此答案為C.5. We should do all is useful to people.AwhichB. thatD.【答案】B【解析】先行詞被 any, few, lit

22、tle, no, all, much,some等詞修飾時.因此，答案為B 6 We came to a place they had never paida visit before.A. which B. in which C. on which D. to which【答案】D【解析】考查定語從句中關(guān)系副詞作引導(dǎo)詞。 此句先行詞為a place,從句為they had never paid a visit before,二者構(gòu)成的完整句為They had never paid a visit to the place before.因此， 答案為D。如果題干為 We came to a place they hadnever visited before. 其答案可以為 which/that/ 省略引導(dǎo)詞。7. Where is the scientist gave us thetalk yesterday?“He