室內(nèi)空氣污染與防治

1、 Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP 室內(nèi)空氣污染與防治室內(nèi)空氣污染與防治 Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy

2、& Environmental Engineering. DICP 室內(nèi)空氣污染概述室內(nèi)空氣污染概述 Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmenta

3、l Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP N 人類社會已進(jìn)入以人類社會已進(jìn)入以“室內(nèi)空氣污染室內(nèi)空氣污染”為特為特 點(diǎn)的點(diǎn)的污染時期污染時期 室內(nèi)空氣污染比室外高室內(nèi)空氣污染比室外高25-62個百分點(diǎn)，許多地方室內(nèi)比室外高個百分點(diǎn)，許多地方室內(nèi)比室外高2-5倍。天津衛(wèi)生局調(diào)查顯示，室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量合格率為倍。天津衛(wèi)生局調(diào)查顯示，室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量合格率為34.7%。新車。新車甲醛超標(biāo)嚴(yán)重，可達(dá)甲醛超標(biāo)嚴(yán)重，可達(dá)10倍以上。北京勞動局對倍以上。北京勞動局對106輛車輛車,甲醛甲醛,苯系苯系物檢測物檢測,

4、超標(biāo)的占超標(biāo)的占72%。對北京上海等。對北京上海等7省市省市87家生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的木制家家生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的木制家具進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)具進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),合格率為合格率為64.4%.我國每年因氡致費(fèi)癌死亡人數(shù)約我國每年因氡致費(fèi)癌死亡人數(shù)約5萬以萬以上上.一、室內(nèi)環(huán)境污染現(xiàn)狀一、室內(nèi)環(huán)境污染現(xiàn)狀 Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for E

5、nergy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineeri

6、ng. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP N世界衛(wèi)生組織公布：室內(nèi)環(huán)境污染與高血壓、膽固醇過高

7、世界衛(wèi)生組織公布：室內(nèi)環(huán)境污染與高血壓、膽固醇過高癥、肥胖癥等共同列為人類健康的癥、肥胖癥等共同列為人類健康的致病建筑綜合癥致病建筑綜合癥(SBS)“、“建筑物關(guān)聯(lián)病建筑物關(guān)聯(lián)病(BRI)”、“裝修裝飾過敏癥裝修裝飾過敏癥”等跟裝修裝飾密切相關(guān)的人體不適應(yīng)等跟裝修裝飾密切相關(guān)的人體不適應(yīng)癥狀大量出現(xiàn)，嚴(yán)重威脅和危害人體健康。全球每年因此癥狀大量出現(xiàn)，嚴(yán)重威脅和危害人體健康。全球每年因此而導(dǎo)致死亡的人數(shù)達(dá)而導(dǎo)致死亡的人數(shù)達(dá)280萬人萬人 1/3呼吸道疾病、呼吸道疾病、1/5的慢性肺病、的慢性肺病、15%的氣管和的氣管和支氣管炎支氣管炎 據(jù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計統(tǒng)計,每年因呼吸道感染而就醫(yī)的每年因呼吸道感染而就醫(yī)

8、的人數(shù)達(dá)人數(shù)達(dá)7500萬人次萬人次,損失損失1.5億個工作日億個工作日,醫(yī)療費(fèi)用醫(yī)療費(fèi)用150億美圓億美圓,缺勤損失高達(dá)缺勤損失高達(dá)590億美元億美元. Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Ene

9、rgy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering

10、. DICP 二、室內(nèi)污染源和污染物二、室內(nèi)污染源和污染物（一）室內(nèi)空氣污染來源分為：（一）室內(nèi)空氣污染來源分為： 室內(nèi)室內(nèi):消費(fèi)品和化學(xué)品消費(fèi)品和化學(xué)品 建筑材料和個人活動建筑材料和個人活動 室外室外:室外空氣污染室外空氣污染,人為帶入的污染物人為帶入的污染物 Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP （二）污染物的分類：（二）污染物的分類： 第一大類第一大類-化學(xué)污染：化學(xué)污染： 第二大類第二大類-物理污染：物理污染： 第

11、三大類第三大類-生物污染：生物污染：室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP 誘發(fā)肺癌誘發(fā)肺癌 S甲醛、苯、氨、氡甲醛、苯、氨、氡S可吸入顆粒物（可吸入顆粒物（PM2.5）S一氧化碳、

12、二氧化碳一氧化碳、二氧化碳 二氧化硫二氧化硫嗜睡、頭痛嗜睡、頭痛抽筋和昏迷抽筋和昏迷 呼吸和循環(huán)衰呼吸和循環(huán)衰竭，心室顫動竭，心室顫動 1.化學(xué)污染種類化學(xué)污染種類 Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP 室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engine

13、ering. DICP PM2.5環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for E

14、nergy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineeri

15、ng. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Envir

16、onmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP 2.物理污染物理

17、污染F 種類：噪聲、振動、輻射種類：噪聲、振動、輻射F 危害：危害： 心血管系統(tǒng)、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、視心血管系統(tǒng)、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、視覺系統(tǒng)、生殖系統(tǒng)覺系統(tǒng)、生殖系統(tǒng) Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP 3.生物污染生物污染F

18、種類：細(xì)菌、真菌、病毒、花粉種類：細(xì)菌、真菌、病毒、花粉F 危害：傳染病、過敏危害：傳染病、過敏 Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP 三、室內(nèi)空氣污染的特點(diǎn)三、室內(nèi)空氣污染的特點(diǎn) Lab for Energy &

19、amp; Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP 普遍性普遍性:我國每年有逾我國每年有逾8億平方米的建筑億平方米的建筑,需要需要大量裝修材料大量裝修材料.03年上海對年上海對6類類114種裝潢種裝潢商品進(jìn)行檢查商品進(jìn)行檢查,合格率只有合格率只有58.8%.02年年對對30戶家庭進(jìn)行抽查戶家庭進(jìn)行抽查,甲醛、苯、揮發(fā)性有甲醛、苯、揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物超標(biāo)率達(dá)機(jī)物超標(biāo)率達(dá)92%。04年抽查年抽查10戶家庭，戶家庭，無一合格。無一合格。 Lab for Energy &

20、Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP 持久性持久性:裝修裝修1年后年后,甲醛超標(biāo)甲醛超標(biāo)15倍二甲苯倍二甲苯8倍倍,甲苯甲苯5倍、有些污染物釋放時間長達(dá)倍、有些污染物釋放時間長達(dá)5-8年，年，甲醛可達(dá)甲醛可達(dá)15年。有些建筑完工后年。有些建筑完工后6個月，個月，空氣中有害物質(zhì)含量比室外高空氣中有害物質(zhì)含量比室外高10-200倍。倍。 Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP 復(fù)雜性復(fù)雜性：污染物種類多，揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物多達(dá)：污染物種類多，揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物多達(dá)300-500種，多中金屬。來源廣泛。種，多中金屬。來源廣泛。嚴(yán)重性：嚴(yán)重性：對多系統(tǒng)都有危害作用，空氣中檢對多系統(tǒng)都有危害作用，空氣中檢測出的測出的500多中揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物，其中多中揮發(fā)性有機(jī)