5語法復(fù)習(xí)五強(qiáng)調(diào)句It的用法省略和插入語16開.

1、語法復(fù)習(xí)五：強(qiáng)調(diào)句、 It 的用法、省略和插入語一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句（一）強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型1、陳述句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型： It is/ was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語） + that/ who （當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語且主 語指人） + 其它部分。e.g. It was yesterdaythat he met Li Ping.2、一般疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。e.g. Was it yesterdaythat he met Li Ping?3、特殊疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞） + is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？ e.g

2、. When and where was it that you were born?4、 強(qiáng)調(diào)句例句：針對I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. 句子進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。 強(qiáng)調(diào)主語： It was I that （who） met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. 強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語： It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語： It was at the railway stationthat I met Li Mi

3、ng yesterday. 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語：It was yesterdaythat I met Li Ming at the railway station.5、 注意：構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句的it本身沒有詞義；強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用that, who,即使在強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)也如此， that, who 不可省略；強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的時(shí)態(tài)只用兩種， 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。 原句謂語動詞是一 般過去時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，用It was，其余的時(shí)態(tài)用It is。（二）notuntil句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句1、句型為： It is/ was not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that + 其它部分 e.g.

4、 普通句： He didn 't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.強(qiáng)調(diào)句： It was not until his wife came backthat he went to bed.2、 注意：此句型只用 until，不用till。但如果不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，till, until可通用；因?yàn)榫湫椭蠭t is/ was not 已經(jīng)是否定句了， that 后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。（三）謂語動詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)1、 It is/ was that結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語，如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語時(shí)，用助動詞do/ does或did。 e.g. Do s

5、it down. 務(wù)必請坐。He did write to you last week. 上周他確實(shí)給你寫了信。Do be careful when you cross the street. 過馬路時(shí)，務(wù)必（千萬）要小心?。?、 注意：此種強(qiáng)調(diào)只用do/ does和did，沒有別的形式；過去時(shí)用 did，后面的謂語動詞用原形。二、It的用法（一）作人稱代詞1、it 代替前面（或后面）的單數(shù)名詞或分句等所表示的事物。e.g. You cannot eat your cake but have it.（it 代替前面的 cake） Although we cannot see it, there

6、 is air all around us. （it 代替后面的 air） They say he has left town, but I don' t beii代替前面 They town 分句中的情況）2、代替有生命但不能或不必分陰陽性的東西（包括嬰兒）。e.g. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high. （ it 代替前面的 tree）The baby cried because it was hungry. （ it 代替前面的 baby）3、在某些習(xí)慣說法中，可以代替人。e.g. Someon

7、e is knocking at the door, Peter. Who is it? It 's me. Who are singing? It is the children. The light is still on in the lab. It must be the third-year students doing the experiment.4、it 與 one 的區(qū)別：這兩個(gè)詞都可以代表前面說過的名詞，但it 用于同名同物的場合； one 則用于同名異物的場合。e.g. Do you still have the bicycle? No, I have sold

8、it. Is this knife yours? No. It is Xiao Zhang's. Mineoisnethoen the desk.5、it 與 that 的區(qū)別：兩詞都可代替某一特定名詞，但 that 指同一類，并非同一個(gè)。e.g. The climate of South China is mild （溫和的） ; I like it very much.（ it 指 the climate of South China ）The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.（that 指 the

9、climate ）（二）作無人稱代詞it 作無人稱代詞時(shí)，除了句中找不到它所代表的詞語外，另一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是它后面的內(nèi)容都是表示天氣、時(shí)間、 距離、度量衡及情況等。It is fine （rainy, windy, etc.）.It is noon.It is a half hour' s walk to the factory.It is eighteen square metres in area.What does it matter?（三）作強(qiáng)調(diào)詞，構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu) 用以幫助改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)，使句子的某一成分受到強(qiáng)調(diào)。 “It is （was） + 所強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分 + that （who） +

10、 其它成 分?！痹谶@個(gè)句型中， it 本身沒有詞義。詳見“一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句” 。（四）引導(dǎo)詞 it 作形式主語（賓語） 為了使句子平衡，常采用形式主語（或賓語） it ，而把真正的主語（或賓語）置于句子后面。通常引導(dǎo)詞it 與它所代替的句子成分中間要夾有某些詞。e.g. It takes half an hour to go there on foot. （It 與 to go there on foot 之間夾有 takes half an hour 四個(gè)詞）We thought it strange that Mr Smith did not come last night.（it 與 that

11、 從句中間夾有strange）但有時(shí) it 與所替代部分之間并不夾有其它詞。e.g. You may depend on it that they will support you.（因?yàn)榻樵~ on之后一般不直接接 that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 注意： it 不是多余的，不能當(dāng)作錯(cuò)句）練習(xí)一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、 It 的用法1. My bike is missing. I cant find anywhere.A. oneB. onesC. itD. that2. Who' s that?- Professor Li.A. That 'sB. It 'sC. He 'sD.

12、This3. was Jane that I saw in the library this morning.A. ItB. HeC. SheD. That4. Have you ever seen a whale alive? Yes, I 've seen A. that B. itC. such D. one5. The color of my coat is different from of yours.A. thisB. thatC. it6. will do you good to do some exercise every morning.A. ItB. ThereC

13、. ThoseD. oneD. You7. We think our duty to pay taxes to our government.A. that B. this C. its D. it8. The climate of Shanghai is better than of Nanjing.A. thatB. itC. which9. four years since I joined the Army.A. There wasB. There isC. It wasD. whatD. It is10. How long to finish the work?A. you '

14、;ll takeB. you 'll take itC. will it take you11. It was through Xiao Li I got to know Xiao Wang.D. will take youA. whoB. whom C. howD. that12. It was in the rice fields we had our league meeting.A. whereB. thatC. in whichD. on which13. It was on October 1st new China was founded.A. whichB. whenC

15、. asD. that14. Was it because he was ill he asked for leave?A. andB. thatC. that ' sD. so15. Mary speaks in a low voice; is difficult to know what she is saying.A. it B. thatC. soD. she16. It was I met Mr Green in Shanghai.A. many years thatB. many years before C. many years ago that D. many yea

16、rs when17. is not everybody can draw so well.A. It, all B. It, thatC. There, whoD. There, that18. So that no fish can live in it.A. shallow is the lake B. the lake is shallow C. shallow the lake is D. is the lake shallow三、省略為了使講話和行文簡潔，句中某些成分有時(shí)可省略。省略可分以下幾種情況： 一)簡單句中的省略1、省略主語：祈使句中主語通常省略。其它省略主語多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的

17、說法。e.g. (I) Thank you for your help. (括號內(nèi)為省略的詞語，下同)(I) see you tomorrow. (It) Doesn ' t matter.2、省略主謂語或主謂語的一部分。e.g. (There is) No smoking. (Is there) Anything wrong? Why (do you) not say hello to him?3、省略作賓語的不定式短語，只保留to 。e.g. Are you going there? I'd liketo (go there).He did not give me the

18、chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance).注意：如果該賓語是be動詞或完成時(shí)態(tài)，則須在 to之后加上be或have。e.g. Are you an engineer? No, but I want to be. He hasn ' t finished the task yet. Well, he ought to have.4、省略表語。e.g. Are you thirsty? Yes, I am (thirsty).5、同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)成分。e.g. Let ' s meet at the same plac

19、e as (we met) yesterday. Have you finished your work? (I have) Not (finished my work) yet.(二) 并列句中的省略 兩個(gè)并列分句中，后一個(gè)分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。 e.g. My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse. I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.(三) 主從復(fù)合句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略。e.g. (I'm) Sorry to hear

20、ythoaut are ill.(It is a) Pity that he missed such a good chance.2、 省略了一個(gè)從句或從句的一部分，用so或not (切不可用it或that)代替。e.g. Is he coming back tonight? I think so. Is he feeling better today? I ' m afraidnot.這種用法常見的有 ： How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so 及 I suppose not. I believed not. I hope

21、not 等。(但 I don ' t think S比 I think not 更常用)。(四)其它省略1、連詞that的省略： 、賓語從句中常省略連詞that，但也有不能省略的情況(參看“名詞性從句”等有關(guān)部分) 。 、在定語從句中，that在從句中作賓語時(shí)可省略。 、引導(dǎo)主語從句、同位語從句等的連詞that 一般不可省略。在表語從句中偶爾可省略。2、不定式符號 to 的省略 、并列的不定式可省去后面的to。e.g. I told him to sit down and wait for a moment. 、某些使役動詞(如 let, make, have)及感官動詞(如 see,

22、 watch, notice, hear, feel, look at 和 listen to 等)后面作賓語補(bǔ)足的不定式一定要省去to,但在被動語態(tài)中須把to復(fù)原。e.g. I saw the boy fall from the tree. The boy was seen to fall from the tree. 、介詞but前若有動詞do,后面的不定式不帶to。e.g. The boy did nothing but play.3、在某些狀語從句中，從句的主語與主句主語一致時(shí)，可省去“主語+ be”部分。(參看“狀語從句”有關(guān)部分)4、連詞 if 在部分虛擬條件句中可省略，但后面的語

23、序有變化（參見“倒裝句”有關(guān)部分）5、主句與從句各有一些成分省略。e.g. The sooner （you do it）, the better （it will be）.四、插入語 英語句子中（尤其在口語中）常插入一些單詞、短語或者句子，用來補(bǔ)充某些含義。語法上稱他們?yōu)椤安?入語”。（一）插入語的類型：1、單詞（多是副詞） ，如： besides, however, otherwise, therefore, though 等。e.g. She is looking fit, though. 他看起來倒是健康。I can, however,discuss this when I see yo

24、u.2、短語e.g. China and India, for example, are neighbours.By the way, where are you from?3、句子e.g. He is an honest man, I believe.Jack, as far as I know, isn ' t clever.（二）插入語的位置通常插入語位于句中，并用逗號隔開。但有時(shí)，也可位于句首或句末（見上面例句） 。也有時(shí)，并不用逗號 隔開。e.g. You know that I think you are wrong. 我認(rèn)為，你明白你錯(cuò)了。What on earth do

25、 you mean? 你究竟是什么意思？（三）插入語在句中的作用 一般來說，插入語在句中不起主要作用。如果把插入語抽去，句子的含義不大受影響。但是，有的插入語 卻是句子不可缺少的一部分。e.g. He got the news from nobody knowswhere. 他這消息誰也不知道是從哪兒得來的。（四）插入語的特殊用法下面這種復(fù)雜的特殊疑問句，也可認(rèn)為包含有“插入語” 。這種疑問句（有的語法書也稱為“混合疑問句” 或“連鎖疑問句” ）常用來征詢對方對某一疑問點(diǎn)的看法、判斷、認(rèn)識、猜度或請求對方重復(fù)一遍說過的話?？?語中出現(xiàn)頻率極高。常用動詞有 say, suppose, guess

26、, believe, consider, think, imagine 等。e.g. How long did you sayshe would stay here?When do you supposethey ' ll be back?How old did you thinkshe was（五）大綱中要求掌握的常用作插入語的詞語by the way 順便說， 順便問一下； so far 到目前為止； and so on 等等； on the contrary 相反； no wonder 不 足為奇；as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上；come along 快點(diǎn)，來吧；

27、in other words 換句話說；as usual 如同以往；as a result 因此，結(jié)果。練習(xí)二、省略和插入語 Won' t you have another try?32A. Yes, I willB. Yes, I won't C. Yes, I will haveD. Yes, I won ' t have2. I won ' t do it any more.A. Why don 't B. Why don?t do it any more C. Why notD. Why not do333. Do you think it wi

28、ll snow tomorrow?A. No, I don ' t think4. Will he fail in the exam?B. I don 'hint kt C. No, I dont so D. I don ' t think so#D. Let 's hope not toD. That isD. WereD. WhenD. IfD. so likesA. Don 't hope toB. Let 's hope Cno. tNot hope so5. usual, I have forgotten something.A. As

29、 B. As it is C. It 's6. she a man, she might be elected president.A. IfB. UnlessC. Was7. I had time, I would have played it again.A. IfB. UnlessC. Had8. it rain tomorrow, I' d stay at home.A. Should B. Would C. When9. I like sports and my brother.A. so B. so doesC. so is10. Francis, born in

30、Kentucky, lived and practised law in Missouri.A. was B. He was C. who is D. although11. Aren ' t you the manager? No, and I .A. don 't want B. don 't want toC. don 't want to beD. don 't12. Have you fed the dog? No, but .A. I am B. I 'm just going to C. I 'm D. I 'm j

31、ust going13. Your performance in the driving test didn' t reach the reqU標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Standrd, you failed.A. in the endB. after allC. in other words D. at the same time14. How long she would stay here?A. did she sayB. she saidC. didD. /15. could do such thing?A. Whom do you think B. Who do you think C. Do y

32、ou think whom D. Did you think who練習(xí)三、綜合訓(xùn)練1. John was ill. Have you heard about ?#A. thisB. heC. itD. the one#C. Weather isD. Time isC. afterD. who' t tell him the truth.C. soD. that1. Hurry up! getting darker and darker.A. The sky isB.It 's2. It ' s the third time Ihabveenhere.A. thatB.

33、when3. It was simply for that reason I wouldnA. whyB.whichWas it in the place the last emperor died?#A. whereB. thatC. whichD. in which344. is no difference between A and B.A. ItB. WhereC. ThereD. What5. ItMike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago.A. wasB. wereC. areD. had been6. He said

34、, “a long way to school.a long way to go yet before we arrive.”A. It is, It isB. There is, There is C. There is, It is D. It is, There is7. I don ' t likeyou speak to her.A. the way B. the way in thatC. the way which D. the way of which8. If you go to Xi ' an, you ' ll find the palaoeset

35、heagnificent than commonly.A. supposingB. suppose C. to supposeD. supposed9. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. ThereB. ThisC. ThatD. It10. It was about 600 years agothe first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A. thatB. untilC. beforeD. when11. It was not until 1920regular radio broadcast began.A. whileB. whichC. thatD. since12. Do you mind my taking this seat?.A. Yes, sit down pleaseB. No, ofcourse not C. Yes, take it pleaseD. No, you can ' t ta