FF3Surveyingology公路項目測量方案中英文.doc

1、FF3SurveyingMethodology公路項目測量方案中英文專業(yè)資料Word.Figure 1 專業(yè)資料Word.Figure 2 專業(yè)資料Word.2 Horizontal Control Point Establishment (HCPs) 建立水平控制網(wǎng) 2.1 GPS Survey (GPS Observation)GPS測量(觀測) 2.1.1 Establishment of primary control point建立首級控制點/網(wǎng) Global Positioning System (GPS) observations will be fi_ed at 3 km in

2、tervals along the center line.The geodetic GPS Points will be placed in highly accessible sites with ropriate standard concrete benchmarks and bed rocks which are painted yellow, protected against impact to guaranty their stability and integrity.在沿中心線每隔3公里處進行GPS觀測。GPS控制點使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)混泥土或在巖石上噴上黃漆作為基準(zhǔn)點，并設(shè)在容易接近

3、的場地，而且加以保護避免撞擊確?？刂泣c的穩(wěn)定性和完整性。2.1.2 GPS Technique GPS技術(shù)要求 The observations will be carried out with 3 units of Leica GPS-System Dual-frequency receivers using Static Mode by tracking minimum 8 satellites per site in order to determine 3-D WGS84 co-ordinates. 測量工作使用3組萊卡的GPS系統(tǒng)雙頻接收器，并使用靜態(tài)模式，每個位置跟蹤至少8個衛(wèi)星，

4、以便定位3-D WG84坐標(biāo)。The contractor will transfer Enyi#;s control point (GPS 11 GPS 11A) to TP 1 which is around 3km from the GPS 11 and found in the nearby mountain.Then the GPS observation from TP1 to F2-F3 starting point (GPS 1) will proceed.The baseline measurement will maintain an accuracy level of10

5、 mm+5ppmwith at least45 minutes of observation.專業(yè)資料Word.承包方會從Enyi控制點GPS 11和GPS 11A導(dǎo)到TP1, TP1位于附近的山上距離GPS11大概有3公里，接著將從TP1到F2-F3的起始點(GPS1)開始GPS觀測。這個基線測量至少觀測45分鐘并保持在精度10 mm+5ppm圍。Using highly post-processing GNSS Solutions software, the WGS84 co-ordinates transformed into the National Grid, U.T.M.co-or

6、dinates based on Calarc 1880 (Modified) Spheroid - Datum: Adindan (30th Arc).使用高精度GNSS后處理軟件，基于Calarc th )弧度，將WGS84(30:Adindan 坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)化成網(wǎng)U.T.M坐1880(修正后) 橢球體坐標(biāo)-參數(shù)標(biāo)。A clear and intelligible monograph of the verte_es with a brief description of the location, photograph and diagram for each of this will be p

7、repared and attached.此后,我方會為每個測量點準(zhǔn)備一份清楚明了的并附有簡單位置描述以及圖表照片的測量報告。2.1.3 Reference and Datum參照和數(shù)據(jù)參數(shù) To secure and validate reasonable initial point, the remaining new primary control points will be automatically tied to the national grid system.為確保和證實初始點的合理性，之后建立的首級控制點會自動關(guān)聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)。The transformation require

8、ments used to correlate the surveying work with national grid system of Ethiopia using GNSS software is as follows: 轉(zhuǎn)點要求測量工作要與埃塞的網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)緊密關(guān)聯(lián)，要使用如下GNSS軟件: - Coordinate system坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng) Name-WGS 84 UTM zone 36N 名字-WG84UTM 36區(qū)北 Type Projected 類型-投影 Unit Meters 專業(yè)資料Word.單位-米 Vertical datum- OGSM02 垂直數(shù)據(jù)-OGSM02 -Da

9、tum數(shù)據(jù) Ellipsoid name-CALARC 1888 橢球面命名-CALARC 1888 Semi-major A_is-6378249.145 半球- 主軸心-6378249.145 Inverse Flattening-293.466076740 反轉(zhuǎn)展平-293.466076740 D_ to WGS84-165.000m DY to WGS84-11.000m DY to WGS84- 206.000m R_ to WGS84- 0.000000m RY to WGS84- 0.000000m RZ to WGS84- 0.000000m Ppm to WGS84- 0.0

10、00000000000 -Projection投影 Projection class- Transverse_Mercator 投影級別- Transverse_Mercator 0 00#; 00.00000#;#; Latitude of origin- 0N 0 00#; 00.00000#;#;北 - 0原點維度0 00#; 00.00000#;#; Central meridian - 33E 0 00#; 00.00000#;#;東中央子午線- 33 Scale factor -0.999600000000 -0.999600000000 比例系數(shù) 專業(yè)資料Word.False e

11、asting- 500000.000m 偽東向分量- 500000.000米 False northing- 0.000m 偽北向分量-0.000米 -Units單位: Angular measurements are taken by degree and linear measurements are done and e_pressed by meters.角測量用度表示, 線性測量用米表示。2.2 Traverse Survey導(dǎo)線測量 2.2.1 Establishment of Secondary Control Point建立加密(次級)控制點/網(wǎng) Benchmark (seco

12、ndary control points) referenced in the field on reliable points on ropriate beacons protected against impact to guaranty their stability and integrity.These benchmarks will be established at 100-500m intervals prior to initiation of the survey work as stipulated in the TOR or as deemed necessary to

13、 suit with the site conditions.Care will be taken while establishing these points to locate them at safe places within the Right of Way (ROW) and away from main construction area to ensure no disturbance to the permanent benchmarks during construction period.These points will be established by the a

14、vailable materials on the site such as bed rocks and fi_ed bolder stones painted white and crossed by chisel on the .恰當(dāng)標(biāo)志桿標(biāo)識出的現(xiàn)場可靠加密控制點作為參照引用并加以保護確保它們的穩(wěn)定性和完整性。按照TOR規(guī)定或根據(jù)現(xiàn)場實際情況，這些基準(zhǔn)點布控要先于測量工作前開始，其間距在100到500米之間。布設(shè)這些控制點時要小心謹(jǐn)慎，放在道路用地的安全位置并要遠(yuǎn)離主要施工區(qū)域以確保施工期間不干擾這些永久性基準(zhǔn)點。這些控制點的布設(shè)使用現(xiàn)場可用的物料，比如噴上白漆的巖床和固定巨石，用頂部交

15、叉開鑿。Lists of all benchmarks will be tabulated with the follog details and attached in Anne_es.專業(yè)資料Word.所有基準(zhǔn)點的列表按照以下詳細(xì)資料制成表格并附以附件形式。Identification number,識別編號 ?Co-ordinates (_,Y and Z),and坐標(biāo)(_,Y and Z), ?Description描述 ?2.2.2 Traverse Adjustment平差 A control traverse-line will be established along the

16、center line, closed, checked and adjusted on to geodetic GPS points.Control beacons will be established to serve the construction phase.Traverse verte_es will be located in correspondence on ropriate concrete benchmarks at 100-400m intervals.Control traverse-line will be determined by measurement of

17、 angles and distances.一條測線/導(dǎo)線沿著路線中心線進行布置，是閉合的，經(jīng)過檢驗的，再根據(jù)所引用的GPS基準(zhǔn)點進行平差。布設(shè)控制點標(biāo)志桿為將來施工階段服務(wù)。導(dǎo)線的基準(zhǔn)點位于合適混凝土墩子上，間隔100-400米。導(dǎo)線控制測量由邊和角的測量決定。Distance measurements will be carried out using Leica EDM, considering 2 cm in distance as a ma_imum difference between e_treme values measured. 距離/邊的測量將使用萊卡的EDM軟件，距離的最

18、大誤差不能超過2厘米。The recording device FLASH CARD will be used in order to transfer field data directly into personal puter for processing.使用存儲卡作為記錄設(shè)備將現(xiàn)場錄入的數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入個人電腦進行數(shù)據(jù)處理。The tolerance on distance in meters is given by: 0.05?K, where ? is the distance in km.Firstly, the traverse-line will tie and adjust in

19、to GPS Points and into the National Triangulation System in order to determine U.T.M.planes co-ordinates.距離/邊測量的誤差用米表示，表示公式: 0.05?K，K則用千米表示。首先導(dǎo)線與我方所引用的GPS點關(guān)聯(lián)，再做三角網(wǎng)平差，以確定U.T.M平面坐標(biāo)。專業(yè)資料Word.Secondly, the plane co-ordinates will be transformed in a Local Grid to be used for map preparation.All traverse

20、 points will be shown on an ropriate diagram.其次，平面坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換成當(dāng)?shù)刈鴺?biāo)作為測圖之用。所有的導(dǎo)線點做成一平面布網(wǎng)圖表。2.2.3 Accuracy Required and Achieved要求的精度和所達(dá)到的精度 The accuracy required for the establishment of secondary control point is greater or equal to 1 in 20,000 between two primary control points established by GPS.兩個首級GPS控制

21、點之間所建立的加密(次級)控制網(wǎng)，其精度要求要大于或等于1/20,000。We will run traverses for 17 bases along the project proposed route and will achieve the accuracy required stated above for most bases.All traverse adjustment putation sheets will be attached.我方將沿著所選路線進行17對基點的導(dǎo)線測量并會達(dá)到上述精度要求，并附上所有平差計算結(jié)果表。3 Vertical Control Point E

22、stablishment (VCPs)建立垂直控制點/網(wǎng) 3.1 Differential leveling精密水準(zhǔn)測量 It is a vital operation in producing necessary data for engineering design.Differential leveling procedures shall be used to establish higher order of the vertical control points tied to the nationwide vertical control work.這是一項提供工程設(shè)計必要測量數(shù)

23、據(jù)的關(guān)鍵操作。用精密水準(zhǔn)測量程序布設(shè)與垂直控制網(wǎng)緊密關(guān)聯(lián)的高階垂直控制點。專業(yè)資料Word.3.2 Permissible Error Formula允許誤差公式 The geometric level-line will be developed along the Control Traverse-line.幾何水準(zhǔn)線會沿著控制導(dǎo)線/測線形成。The elevation of benchmarks will be obtained by Differential Leveling Method using AUTOMATIC LEVEL Leica instrument, with a m

24、a_imum tolerance in mm for single section equal to:使用萊卡自動水準(zhǔn)儀并采用精密水準(zhǔn)方法獲取基準(zhǔn)點的高程。單節(jié)最大允許誤差在毫米之，單節(jié)等于: 1.5K cm, where ? is the distance in km.K是千米單位的距離 The level-line will be tied-in and adjusted on the e_isting benchmarks of the National Leveling work, or on the GPS points.水準(zhǔn)導(dǎo)線在關(guān)聯(lián)水準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)現(xiàn)有基準(zhǔn)點或初始GPS控制點基礎(chǔ)上做平差。

25、4 Detail Surveying具體測量 4.1 Route Location路線的確定 Route location is an art of mostly transferring of map/paper location to a ground.As a prerequisite for this task, the consultant had been undertaking the route selection of the 專業(yè)資料Wject.Prior to conduct the ographic survey the contractor and pr

26、ofessional team the consultant defined the best alternative route that will be feasible both economically, technically and socially.定線(中樁的確定)是紙上定線法導(dǎo)到地面的主要一門藝術(shù)。作為這個任務(wù)的先決條件，設(shè)計咨詢顧問先要進行路線的選線，在測量工作進行之前我方設(shè)計專業(yè)團隊要先確定最佳路線，也就是經(jīng)濟上、技術(shù)上以及社會環(huán)境影響方面最優(yōu)的可行路線。A rapid and critical general e_amination (reconnaissance) w

27、as carried out by location engineers.And the engineers determined the optimum route between the two e_treme points.The route location this segment was carried out using 1:50,000 maps and aerial photographs conducted by Ethiopian Ming Authority (EMA).定線/選線工程師已對現(xiàn)場路線進行快速、關(guān)鍵的綜合檢查(地勘)并且我方工程師已在公路起始點之間選取最優(yōu)

28、路線。在這部分定線過程我們使用1:50,000地圖和EMA的航空攝影圖。4.2 Cross Sections橫斷面測量部分 Along the whole route a ographic survey will be carried out for a ma_imum of 100m and 80m minimum band width.The random points will be surveyed on a square grid not e_ceeding 20m spacing with accuracy of 5cm, starting from traverse points

29、 or additional intermediate stations.Where the land shows marked irregularities of slope, a close survey grid will be used.The Leica Total Station instruments with suitable software will be used for this purpose.測量會沿著整條路線進行，帶寬最大100米和最小80米。從交點/導(dǎo)線點或追加的中間樁/站開始，在不超過20米間距的四方形網(wǎng)上找到隨機點進行測量，精度5厘米。當(dāng)有明顯不規(guī)則斜坡的地

30、方，則要使用緊密間距的測量網(wǎng)/基點網(wǎng)。為此，使用配備合適軟件的萊卡全站儀。DTM Interpolation數(shù)據(jù)插 專業(yè)資料Word.Where the route corridor shows dense forest and inaccessible to undertake cross section survey DTM Interpolation techniques will be used at a very flat section of the route.當(dāng)路線通道顯示茂密森林和無法進入進行橫斷面測量時，這時就會在平整路段使用數(shù)據(jù)插技術(shù)。Bridge Sites橋梁位置 D

31、etailed cross section points will be collected included and bottom of banks, at break points and at center of the rivers.The cross sections will e_tended 20_m and above meters both upstream and downstream.在斷點處和河流的中心處，采集詳細(xì)的橫斷面點包括河堤的頂部和底部。橫斷面部分將沿著河流上下游延伸至20_米以上。4.3 Longitudinal Section縱斷面測量部分 Collecti

32、on of longitudinal centerline points will be carried out at intervals of 20m in straight sections and 10m to 15m apart on horizontal and vertical curves depending on the degree of sharpness of the curves.In case of bridge and culvert and riverbeds the points collected included the bottom of the cour

33、se ways and riverbeds.縱向中心線點的采集:在直邊段每間隔20米進行，水平和垂直的彎段則會每隔10米-15米(根據(jù)彎曲的陡度而定)。要是有橋梁，涵管和河床，測量點的采集則要包括這些路徑和河床的底部。專業(yè)資料Word.5 Resources Allocation Plan資配置計劃 5.1 Personnel Deployed人員部署The surveying team assigned for the project consists of 4-senior surveyors, 6-surveyor and required achieve the in order to members.1-advanced surveying technician of 6 Hence output within scheduled time the contractor will deploy2-total stations, 4 Leica GPS units,