自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose課件

1、自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose高級(jí)英語(yǔ)（上）Advanced English (Book A)自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchooseLesson 4Die as You Choose生死由你生死由你自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchooseSESSION ONE: PREVIEW自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose arguably 可爭(zhēng)辯的，按理的 + able 可 if sth has a reason for it , that means it is arguable atrocity: outrage; terrible,

2、 cruel and violent acts, esp. in a war 暴行 atrocity 經(jīng)常pl， Nazi medical atrocities atrocious 殘暴的；糟糕的自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose Blameless: doing no wrong, free from responsibility for doing sth bad 無(wú)過(guò)錯(cuò)的，無(wú)指責(zé)的。 culpable: responsible and deserving blame 應(yīng)受譴責(zé)的，難辭其咎的 The accident was the result of a culpabl

3、e failure to consider the risks involved. 這場(chǎng)事故是沒(méi)有考慮到有關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)引起的，應(yīng)該追究責(zé)任。自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose gruesome(line3) ：very unpleasant and filling you with horror, usually because it is connected with death or injury. 令人厭惡的，可怕的，恐怖的 自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose Intrude on/into/upon To go or be somewhere you ar

4、e not wanted or are not supposed to be 闖入；to disturb sth 侵?jǐn)_，擾亂 The Qing governments after 1840 were corrupt and weak, and Japan seized the opportunity to intrude into China. Invade 非法入侵者 illegal intruder invader 自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose languish : 1) to be forced to stay somewhere, and suffer sth

5、unpleasant for a long time 被迫滯留 長(zhǎng)期受苦 受煎熬 languish in prison/ in his dull job 由于坐牢/工作乏味而萎靡不振自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose living will A living will is a legal document that a person uses to make known his or her wishes regarding life prolonging medical treatments libertarian A proponent of libertarianis

6、m, a political philosophy that upholds individual liberty, especially freedom of expression and action ; A member of a libertarian political party 自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose Macabre: unpleasant and strange because connected with death and frightening things. 可怕的，恐怖的。 monstrosity Monster 怪獸 ogre Mons

7、trous 丑惡的，丑陋的，駭人的 Monstrosity 巨大而丑陋之物/事情自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose Polemical argumentative, disputatious polemic論戰(zhàn)（c.) involving strong arguments for or against sth. Often in opposition to the opinion of others. Polemicist 善辯者自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose支持 VS 反對(duì) proponent opponent 支持：sustain, support,

8、 back, stand by, back sb up, 反對(duì)： oppose, be against, object(objection-sustained, overruled), be opposed, fight/struggle/go against, take a stand against (stand against)自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose Squeamishness refer to either a mild feeling of nausea or the quality of being easily disgusted or upset.

9、 May also cause feeling faint or general uneasiness. Squeamish neurotic psychotic 易心煩意亂的，神經(jīng)質(zhì)的， 神經(jīng)脆弱的 -ish: 似的，有點(diǎn)兒的 -ly:像的 childish , girlish , mannish , boyish, reddish womanly , motherly ， sisterly, brotherly, 自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose Taboo ; tatoo a cultural or religious custom that does not all

10、ow people to do 禁忌，戒律; a general agreement not to do sth or talk about sth 避諱 “Death” is one of the great taboos in your culture.自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose tenacious = persistent, insistent, dogged, stubborn, obstinate, strong-willed, belief/tradition 牢固的傳統(tǒng)，堅(jiān)定不移的信念 With tenacity 自考高英上lesson4dieasyou

11、choose Terminal adj. Can not be cured and will lead to death 晚期的，不治的，致命的 terminal lung cancer 晚期肺癌 airport/bus/train terminal 航空終點(diǎn)站/汽車終點(diǎn)站/鐵路終點(diǎn)站 自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose throes (line 3): violent pains, especially at the moment of death (尤指死亡時(shí)的)劇痛,(總是以復(fù)數(shù)的形式出現(xiàn)）, 陣痛（child delivery）， in death throes 處于

12、臨終痛苦自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose usher 引座員The girl ushered me along the aisle to my seat. 引座小姐領(lǐng)我沿著通道到我的座位。 usher in: to be the beginning of sth new, or to make sth new begin 開(kāi)創(chuàng)，開(kāi)始，開(kāi)啟，帶來(lái) usher in a new age of prosperity 走進(jìn)了一個(gè)繁榮的新時(shí)代自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose withhold: to refuse to give sth to sb 拒絕給某物；抑

13、制 She was accused of withholding information from the police. 她被指控對(duì)警方知情不報(bào)。 withhold the payment自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose 1. dodge: 1)avoid , evade or elude He was accused of dodging his taxes. 他被指控逃稅。 2)move aside suddenly I dodged out of the way when he threw a chair at me. 他將椅子向我扔來(lái)的時(shí)候,我急忙閃開(kāi)。Text

14、Analysis自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose to come to light: to be discovered or revealed On investigation some new facts came to light. 一經(jīng)調(diào)查,一些新的事實(shí)就被暴露了。 It has now come to light that he was financially backed by some interest group. 人們剛剛得知,他受到了某個(gè)利益集團(tuán)的經(jīng)濟(jì)支持。 Bring to light 揭示 顯露 We hope the investigator wil

15、l bring to lightbring to light more facts about this murder. 自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose Which of these countries has a mercy-killing doctor now languishing in its jails？It is the small one， Holland， which has rules for euthanasia and so can police it effectively. （which 指？）The Dutch doctor broke his

16、 countrys rules. 在上述哪個(gè)國(guó)家有醫(yī)生因?yàn)閷?shí)施安樂(lè)死而在監(jiān)獄里服刑呢？是在小國(guó)荷蘭。荷蘭制定了有關(guān)安樂(lè)死的法律，能有效地管理它。那位荷蘭的醫(yī)生違反了他國(guó)家的規(guī)定。 自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose There is a moral here for all the countries， and not just for the big death-forbidding country， America. Right now it is going over the arguments about euthanasia once again. （moral a

17、bout what？ Death-forbidding 只是禁止死亡嗎？It 指的是？） 這里涉及到的（有關(guān)安樂(lè)死的）道德問(wèn)題在所有國(guó)家都存在，決不僅只針對(duì)美國(guó)這個(gè)禁止安樂(lè)死的大國(guó)。目前美國(guó)正再次展開(kāi)有關(guān)安樂(lè)死的辯論。自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose6. bizarre : weird （adj.) unusual in appearance, style , or characters 外貌,風(fēng)格或性格怪異 his bizarre behavior 他古怪的行為 Bizarrely dressed 穿著奇裝異服自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose 7. a

18、t her own request =at the request of sb 應(yīng)她本人的要求 他按照經(jīng)歷的請(qǐng)求到了那里。 He was there at the request of his manager/at his managers request. 8. vote on: 就.進(jìn)行表決 Lets vote on this issue, since we cant agree. 既然我們不能達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn),就來(lái)投票表決吧。自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose Rumble on 1. Thunder is rumbling in the distance. 2. rumb

19、le on : ( an argument or a dispute, to continue slowly and steadily for a long time) 緩慢而長(zhǎng)久地持續(xù) Discussions rumble on over the siting of the new airport. 關(guān)于新機(jī)場(chǎng)的選址問(wèn)題，討論起來(lái)沒(méi)完沒(méi)了。自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose On purpose =deliberately Im sorry, I didnt do it on purpose. 對(duì)不起，我不是存心這么做的。 Taboo ; a cultural or rel

20、igious custom that does not allow people to do 禁忌，戒律; a general agreement not to do sth or talk about sth 避諱 “Death” is one of the great taboos in your culture. syringe: a plastic or glass tube for injection 皮下注射器自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose Most say they know somebody else who does. But because they

21、can rarely discuss euthanasia openly with patients even when those patients beg them for it doctors tend to kill only when the dying are too far gone to consent. ( 如何理解 be too far gone to consent) sb is gone 多數(shù)醫(yī)生說(shuō)他們知道其他醫(yī)生也有同樣的行多數(shù)醫(yī)生說(shuō)他們知道其他醫(yī)生也有同樣的行為。但是為。但是因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)獒t(yī)生也幾乎不能與病人公開(kāi)討論安樂(lè)醫(yī)生也幾乎不能與病人公開(kāi)討論安樂(lè)死死-即使在病人乞求

22、他們的時(shí)候即使在病人乞求他們的時(shí)候所以所以醫(yī)生往往傾醫(yī)生往往傾向于向于僅在僅在要死的人要死的人處于垂危昏迷之際而無(wú)法表達(dá)是處于垂?；杳灾H而無(wú)法表達(dá)是否同意安樂(lè)死否同意安樂(lè)死時(shí)，才結(jié)束其生命時(shí)，才結(jié)束其生命。自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose Questions for discussion : How do you understand “voluntary euthanasia”? And “involuntary euthanasia”? According to the authors opinion, which of the above is more human

23、e ? Does the author accept voluntary euthanasia or not ? Where can you find proof? 自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose the Almighty: Thank Almighty, we are free at last! A mighty warrior 強(qiáng)而有力的，威猛的 A pen can be mightier than a sword自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose 12. prosecution (line 6) prosecute ：officially char

24、ge sb 控告 ( sb for sth/doing sth) charge sb with sth accuse sb of sth/doing v violate violation violent The company was prosecuted for breaching the Health and Safety Regulation. 這家公司被控違反衛(wèi)生安全條例 自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose 12. controversial controversy : 爭(zhēng)議 a controversial figure 有爭(zhēng)議的人物。 hold out (the

25、last line) : continue to last, 堅(jiān)持,挺住. The rebels hold out in the mountains for several years. Mountainous area 反叛分子在山區(qū)頑抗了幾年。自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose How long can the distinction between killing and letting die hold out？ forms of euthanasia passive euthanasia -a patient doesnt want his life prolong

26、ed; letting patients die, do not save patients active euthanasia a patients want to die, kill him ( Para 4) 自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose Just as there can be culpable omissions, so too can there be blameless acts. Omission, negligence 疏忽 不作為 ignorance, Culpable negligence 重大疏忽 自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoo

27、se Stand to do sth To be in a situation where you are likely to do sth; is likely to 可能做某事 stand to gain 處于有利地位. You stand to make/gain a lot from this deal. 你很可能會(huì)從這筆生意中大賺一筆。自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchooseStrike V. 敲擊，打擊，撞擊 He was struck by a heavy blow. 突然發(fā)生A powerful earthquake struck the Italian islan

28、d of Sicily early this morning. 給印象，讓覺(jué)得 It struck me as stupid at first. N. 打擊， 罷工, 突然襲擊 Staff at the hospital went on strike in protest at the irresponsible doctor. Air strike, nuclear strike 自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose withhold: to refuse to give sth to sb 拒絕給某物；抑制 She was accused of withholding in

29、formation from the police. 她被指控對(duì)警方知情不報(bào)。 administer ： to apply as a remedy administer laws 執(zhí)行法律 The doctor administered some medicine to the girl. prescribe prescription Diagnose diagnosis自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose Suppose to take an example from the moral philosophy books that a man stands to gain f

30、rom the death of a certain child. The child strikes his head in the bath and falls unconscious. The man sits down and watches him drown. The fact that the man has performed no action does not excuse him.（ 把the fact放到后面翻譯） 讓我們從道德倫理著作中舉例說(shuō)明。假定一個(gè)人會(huì)從某個(gè)孩子的死亡中獲益，當(dāng)這個(gè)孩子在浴缸中撞傷頭部而失去知覺(jué)時(shí)，那個(gè)人坐視不管，任其溺水身亡。 雖然這個(gè)人什么都

31、沒(méi)有做，但這不能使他因此逃避罪責(zé)。自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose Similarly， suppose that a doctor does no wrong by withholding some treatment in order that death should come sooner rather than later. Is he then necessarily wrong if he administers enough painkillers to kill？ (passive euthanasia vs active euthanasia, 在病人的

32、要求之下; should表示對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬) Does the fact that the doctor performed an action， rather than an omission， condemn him？ 類似地，再假設(shè)，假設(shè)醫(yī)生停止某種治療措施，以期病人更早地而不是更遲地死去，他沒(méi)有做錯(cuò)什么。那么，如果這位醫(yī)生使用足夠的鎮(zhèn)痛劑讓那位病人死去，他就一定大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)嗎？ 這位醫(yī)生采取了某種作為，而不是不作為，這會(huì)使他有罪嗎？自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose西方醫(yī)學(xué)之父Father of Western Medicine Hippocrates 希波克拉底 anci

33、ent Greek physician four humors： blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile 體液學(xué)說(shuō)：血液、粘液、黃膽、黑膽 自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchooseHippocratic Oath The Hippocratic Oath is an oath historically taken by doctors swearing to practice medicine ethically. It is widely believed to have been written by Hippocrates, often

34、regarded as the father of western medicine, in Ionic Greek (late 5th century BCE),1 or by one of his students,2 and is usually included in the Hippocratic Corpus. I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody if asked for it, nor will I make a suggestion to this effect. 自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose rul

35、e out Rule sb/sth out (as adj) 認(rèn)為而把sb/sth排除之外； 認(rèn)為而覺(jué)得sb/sth 不合適 The proposed plan was ruled out as too expensive. 建議的解決方案被認(rèn)為花錢太多而遭否決。 We cant rule out the possibility of his quitting the new job. 我們無(wú)法排除他辭掉新的工作的可能性。 Let your heart rule your head 感情用事自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose There is nothing new in t

36、his view. When Hippocrates formulated his oath for doctors， which explicitly rules out active killing， most other Greek doctors and thinkers disagreed with his ban. 這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)并不新穎。當(dāng)希波克拉底為醫(yī)生制定信條的時(shí)候，曾明確禁止安樂(lè)死，而多數(shù)其他希臘醫(yī)生和思想家都不贊成這一禁令。 Let the past be a guide. 前事不忘，后事之師。自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose agree with 同意，和

37、意見(jiàn)一致 agree on 對(duì)取得一致意見(jiàn) agree in 在方面意見(jiàn)一致；在相同 agree about 對(duì)有相同的看法；就取得一致意見(jiàn) agree upon 對(duì)取得一致意見(jiàn) 自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose Embrace 1. hug They embraced and swept and promised to keep in touch 2. to accept an idea, a proposal , a set of beliefs, etc, when it is done with enthusiasm democracy/feminism 3. in

38、clude The talks embraced a wide range of issues. 自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose 14. comply with : to obey a rule/order 遵守(意愿,要求或條 件等). Abide by . Follow, obey the rules /the demands/ the law/ the requests. in compliance with According to in accordance with 15. prescribe 1. to tell sb to take particular

39、medicine 2. ( a person or an organization with authority ) to say that what should be done and how sth should be done 指定， 規(guī)定 ，命令 The prescribed textbook自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose 15. pose danger to/for sth/sb 給.造成危險(xiǎn) Pose: cause sth. to exist 引起；產(chǎn)生；造成（威脅、問(wèn)題等） pose a threat/challenge/danger/risk 構(gòu)成威脅/

40、挑戰(zhàn)/危險(xiǎn)/風(fēng)險(xiǎn) Give rise to Bring about自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose Precedent antecedent -descedent 范例；先例，前例 set a precedent for sth 為提供了范例 There is no precedent for a disaster of this scale. 這種規(guī)模的空難的空前的。 precede unprecedented 史無(wú)前例的 Heroic 英雄般的，英勇的 Heroically 英雄般地 Historic historically historical Hero heroi

41、n heroine 自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose Another worry is that a legal framework for euthanasia， permitting a doctor to comply with a dying mans request in a prescribed set of circumstances， might pose dangers for society by setting a precedent for killing. 另一個(gè)擔(dān)憂是 ,這種安樂(lè)死的法律框架(體系),允許一個(gè)醫(yī)生在一套規(guī)定的限制下順從一個(gè)垂死病人

42、的要求, 也許會(huì)給謀殺開(kāi)了先例,從而對(duì)社會(huì)造成危害.自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose It is probably no coincidence that it was Dutch doctors who most heroically resisted pressure to join in the Nazi medical atrocities that have given euthanasia its worst name. 當(dāng)年就是荷蘭醫(yī)生們英勇無(wú)比地頂住了壓力，拒絕當(dāng)年就是荷蘭醫(yī)生們英勇無(wú)比地頂住了壓力，拒絕參與納粹進(jìn)行的令安樂(lè)死聲名狼藉的參與納粹進(jìn)行的令安樂(lè)死

43、聲名狼藉的（人體）（人體）醫(yī)學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)，這恐怕不是巧合。實(shí)驗(yàn)，這恐怕不是巧合。自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose The same tenacious respect for individual liberty that stopped them killing healthy people， who did not want to die， now lets them help dying people who do. 這些醫(yī)生對(duì)個(gè)人自由堅(jiān)定不移的尊重使他們沒(méi)有殺害渴望活下去的健康人。今天正是同樣的精神又使他們?nèi)椭辉富钕氯サ拇刮２∪恕Ｗ钥几哂⑸蟣esson4dieas

44、youchoose libertarian: a person who strongly believe that people should have the freedom to do and think as they like 自由論者 liberate V. 解放 liberty N. 自由 a liberated woman 不受傳統(tǒng)思想羈絆的女性 liberation PLA 自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose Opposition is too fierce， because of the shadow of the past. Countries with

45、an uninterrupted recent libertarian tradition have less to fear from setting some limited rules for voluntary euthanasia. By refusing to discuss it, they usher in something worse. 由于歷史的陰影,反對(duì)(安樂(lè)死)的力量異常強(qiáng)大。而在那些近年來(lái)有著持續(xù)的自由主義傳統(tǒng)的國(guó)家，在為自愿安樂(lè)死制定有限的規(guī)定時(shí)，則擔(dān)憂會(huì)比較少。 拒絕討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題，則會(huì)使他們走進(jìn)更糟糕的境地。自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose

46、In January the Journal of the American Medical Association published a bizarre letter, in which an anonymous doctor claimed to have killed a 20-year-old cancer patient at her own request. This started a debate that will rumble on into the autumn, when Californians may vote on a proposed law legalizi

47、ng euthanasia. The letter was probably written for polemical impact. It is scarcely credible. Its author claims that he met the cancer patient for the first time, heard five words from her “Lets get this over with” then killer her. A. credible B. Journal E. onC. with D. at F. anonymous自考高英上lesson4di

48、easyouchoose Yet medical monstrosities that are hardly any better undoubtedly continue, almost as a matter of macabre routine, in America, Britain and many other countries. It is disturbingly easy to find doctors who will say, in private, that they sometimes kill patients on purpose. Most say that k

49、now somebody else who does. But because they can rarely discuss euthanasia openly with patients even when those patients beg them for it doctors tend to kill only when the dying are too far gone to consent. Thus, because voluntary euthanasia is taboo , a doctor makes the decision himself and the pat

50、ient is killed involuntarily in the night with a syringe. :A. involuntarily B. on E. routineC. consent D. monstrosities F. for自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose Because many people accept that it is sad, undignified and gruesome to prolong the throes of death will all the might of medical technology, passiv

51、e euthanasia letting patients die is widely accepted. Most American states have “l(fā)iving will” legislation that protects doctors from prosecution if they do not try to save someone who has said he does not want life prolonged. Active euthanasia killing remains controversial. How long can the distinct

52、ion between killing and letting die hold out? :A. throes B. prosecution E. distinctionC. controversial D. undignified F. legislation自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose Just as there can be culpable omissions, so too can there be blameless acts. Suppose to take an example from the moral philosophy books that

53、a man stands to gain from the death of a certain child. The child strikes his head in the bath and falls unconscious. The man sits down and watches him drown. The fact that the man has performed no action does not excuse him. Similarly, suppose that a doctor does no wrong by withholding some treatme

54、nt in order that death should come sooner rather than later. Is he then necessarily wrong if he administers enough painkillers to kill? :A. administer B. perform E. omissionsC. strikes D. withholding F. does自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose Many doctors working on the battlefield of terminal suffering thin

55、k that only squeamishness demands a firm difference between passive and active euthanasia on request. Their argument for killing goes like this: one of a doctors duties is to prevent suffering; sometimes that is all there is left for him to do, and killing is the only way to do it. There is nothing

56、new in this view. When Hippocrates formulated his oath for doctors, which explicitly rules out active killing, most other Greek doctors and thinkers disagreed with his ban. Let the past be a guide. . A. formulated B. be E. forC. battlefield D. demand F. explicitly自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchoose Some peop

57、le believe that the time of death is appointed by God and that no man should put the clock back on another. Yet if a patients philosophical views embrace euthanasia, it is not clear why the religious objections of others should intrude on his death. Another worry is that a legal framework for euthan

58、asia, permitting a doctor to comply with a dying mans request in a prescribed set of circumstances, might pose dangers for society by setting a precedent for killing. A. embrace B. setting E. prescribedC. appointed D. intrude F. comply自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchooseWest Germany, by contrast, will not be

59、able to legalize any form of euthanasia for a long time to come. Opposition is too fierce, because of the shadow of the past. Countries with an uninterrupted recent libertarian tradition have less to fear from setting some limited rules for voluntary euthanasia. By refusing to discuss it, they usher

60、 in something worse. . A. usher B. fierce E. byC. uninterrupted D. from自考高英上lesson4dieasyouchooseReview This article is about the legalization of euthanasia. Euthanasia is a problem having been discussed for a long time. There are two different attitudes about it at present. Holland accepted euthana