上海市九年級初三中考英語-句型轉(zhuǎn)換專練

1、句型轉(zhuǎn)換專練知識點 1：肯定句、否定句和一般疑問句的轉(zhuǎn)換做題技巧總結(jié)：把各種句式歸為兩大類：1 、含有 be 動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞的句子；2、只有行為動詞的句子?？偨Y(jié)：第1類句子，肯定句改為否定句時，一律在 be動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞后加“not”。改為一般疑問句時，一律將be動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動前移到句首（首字母大寫）。肯定回答用“ Yes”；否定回答用“ No”?！癥es”或“ No”后面的主語必須用代詞， “No ”后面必須用否定縮略式。第 2 類句子必須借助助動詞do/does/did 。改為否定句，在行為動詞前加don't （一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是除第三人稱單數(shù)之外的人稱和數(shù)時

2、）；doesn't （一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時）；didn't （一般過去時態(tài)）。改為一般疑問句時，在句首加Do/Does/Did ?？隙ɑ卮鹩谩癥es” ，后面動詞用do/does/ did ；否定回答用“ No” ，后面動詞用don't/doesn't/didn't 。知識點2：特殊疑問句的轉(zhuǎn)換做題技巧總結(jié)：把句子轉(zhuǎn)換為特殊疑問句，首先要確定劃線部分的“疑問詞” ，人、物、時間、地點、原因、數(shù)量等分別用： who, whom, whose, what, when, where, why, how, how many, how much, ho

3、w often, how old, how long 等。將相對應(yīng)的疑問詞放在句首，其余部分改為一般疑問句的形式，就是特殊疑問句。改完后要注意檢查句首的首字母大寫和句尾的標(biāo)點符號。尤其注意：how many 對可數(shù)名詞的量提問；how much 對不可數(shù)名詞的量或者對重量提問；how often 對頻率提問，需要與how many times 區(qū)分清楚； how many times 是對劃線部分只有次數(shù)的情況下提問；how long是對時間段進行提問；而 how soon是對in+時間段提問，"多久”。這些考點是學(xué)生在做題過程中的易錯點。知識點3：選擇疑問句和反意疑問句的轉(zhuǎn)換做題技

4、巧總結(jié)：改為選擇疑問句時，只需注意根據(jù)句子的內(nèi)容用“or ”連接兩個并列的成分就可以了；反意疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)是“陳述句簡短問句” ， 必須記住： “前面肯定；后面否定”和 “前面否定；后面肯定”的規(guī)律和簡短問句的主語必須用代詞的要求。知識點4:祈使句和感嘆句的轉(zhuǎn)換做題技巧總結(jié)：改為祈使句，必須記住：肯定的祈使句，是原形動詞開頭，否定的祈使句是“ Don't”開頭，后跟原形動詞。（主語是I或we時，句子開頭用let me或let's）。改為感嘆句，必須記住，強調(diào)的是名詞，句首用 What, What后的名詞前可以有形容詞；強調(diào)的是形容詞或副詞， 句首用How,后面必須緊跟形容詞或副詞

5、。知識點5:主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)做題技巧總結(jié)：準(zhǔn)確判定句子成分，找出句中的主語和賓語謂語動詞變?yōu)椤癰e+動詞的過去分詞” 形式，這里的be除了與原句在時態(tài)上保持一致外，還要與句子的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。知識點6:同義句轉(zhuǎn)換同義句轉(zhuǎn)換考察形式比較多樣，可采用以下方法：（一）替代法 1、同義詞（短語）2、反義詞（短語）3、短語替代從句（二）合并法 1、并列連詞2、從屬連詞3、直接引語變間接引語（三）轉(zhuǎn)換法 1、句型轉(zhuǎn)換2、語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換（四）綜述法做題技巧總結(jié)：用同義詞、同義短語或反義詞、反義短語等來替代原句中的有關(guān)部分，使改寫后的句子與原句意思相符。1、用同義詞（短語）替代1） My father and

6、 mother are judges.My parents are judges.2） We have friends all over the world.We have friends throughout the world.3） We had a good time at the party.We enjoyed ourselves at the party.4） 用反義詞（短語）替代1） Don't forget to lock the door.Remember to lock the door.2） My radio doesn 't work well.Some

7、thing is wrong with my radio.3） Things weigh heavier on the earth than on the moon.Things are lighter on the moon than on the earth.3、用短語替代從句如果原句含有狀語從句、賓語從句等，改寫后的句子中可用介詞短語或不定式短語等來替代。1) When he was tweke, Edison began working.At the age of tweke, Edison began working.2) We can't finish the work i

8、f you don 't help us.We can't finish the work without your help.(二)合并法1、用并列連詞將兩個單詞合并為一個新的復(fù)合句或單句，句子仍保持原意。常用的并列連詞有bothand,neithernor，not only but also，either- or等。1) France is in Europe. Sweden is also in Europe.Both France and Sweden are in Europe.2) He can't sing. He can't dance, eit

9、her.He can neither sing nor dance.2、用從屬連詞將兩個單句合并為一個復(fù)句。常用的從屬連詞有sothat,so that- -, notuntil，as soon as, i等。1) The maths problem was very difficult. No one could work it out.The maths problem was so difficult that no one could work it out.2) The teacher came in. And then the students stopped talking.Th

10、e students did not stop talking until the teacher came in.3、直接引語變間接引語也用合并法。如果直接引語是陳述句或疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時則要用連詞(if / whether是否)；如果直接引語為祈使句則變?yōu)殚g接引語為tell/ ask/ order sb. (not) to do sth.形式。1) Have you ever been to China?” John asked Joan.John asked Joan if / whether she had been to China.2) Don't make faces

11、 in class!” the teacher said to the student.The teacher told the student not to make faces in class.(三)轉(zhuǎn)換法通過能夠表示同一意義的不同句型、句式的轉(zhuǎn)換來達到改寫句子的目的。1、句型轉(zhuǎn)換 初中常見的幾種轉(zhuǎn)換句型有：sb. spend some time/money doing sth.與 It takes sb. some time/money to dosth.的轉(zhuǎn)換；tooto與 sothatcan't do sth.的轉(zhuǎn)換；too to與 not -enough to do st

12、h.的轉(zhuǎn)換。1) I spent half an hour working out the maths problem.It took me half an hour to work out the maths problem.2) She was too frightened to_ say a word.She was _so frightened that she could not say a word.3) He is too_ young to_join the army.He is not old enough to join the army.2、語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換1) Tom inv

13、ited Mary to have dinner with him.Mary was invited by Tom to have dinner with him.2) She couldn ' t keep back her tears when Tom her model planes away.She couldn ' t help cryinhen her planes were taken away by Tom.(四)綜述法通過在邏輯思維的基礎(chǔ)上，對原句(一般是兩個句子)的意思重新進行概括地表述。1) Tom's mother is fifty. Jack

14、's mother is fifty, too.Jack's mother is as old as Tom's.2) Xiao Ming was born in 1991. I was born in 1992.Xiao Ming is one year older than I.二、專題精講例題 1: There is some milk in the glass.（改為否定句）答案： There isn't any milk in the glass. / There is no milk in the glass.解析：原句中含有 be動詞，故否定形式在

15、 be動詞后加not,此外除了要正確使用謂語動詞的否定形式外，還要將句中的some變?yōu)閍ny,將something變?yōu)閍nything o本題中還應(yīng)注意 not any=no ,故答案可以有兩種形式。例題 2： This dress cost her 90 yuan.（改為一般疑問句）答案：Did this dress cost her 90 yuan?解析：首先由原句中的主語this dress為第三人稱單數(shù)和謂語cost判斷出原句時態(tài)為過去時，所以改為一般疑問句應(yīng)用did提問，cost原形與過去式一致。例題 3: The car hit the big tree yesterday.（改為

16、反義疑問句）答案： The car hit the big tree yesterday, didn ' jt ?解析：遵循反義疑問句"前肯后否，前否后肯”的原則，此句疑問部分用否定形式；原句謂語hit為一般過去時，所以正確答案為didn ' t?t例題 4： The TV play is really wonderful.（改為感嘆句）答案：How wonderful the TV play is!解析：將陳述句變?yōu)楦袊@句先要確定用what還是how開頭。如果強調(diào)部分的中心詞是名詞，就用 what;若是形容詞或者副詞，則要用 how。本句中主語前的詞可判斷出是形容詞

17、，故用 how開頭。例題 5: I collect toys because they are beautiful.（對劃線部分提問）答案： Why do you collect toys?解析：“一定”、“二移（或加）”、“三變化”、“四刪除”第一步“定”。就是根據(jù)劃線部分的內(nèi)容確定適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡栐~。因為是對because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語提問所以確定特殊疑問詞為why。第二步“移（或加）就是將句子的結(jié)構(gòu)改為一般疑問句形式。如果謂語部分含有系動詞be,助動詞do, will, have或情態(tài)動詞時，則將這一類動詞移至句首（主謂顛倒）；如果謂語動詞是行為動詞（實意動詞）則需要在主語前添加助動詞 do/

18、does/did。第三步“變化”，即對句子中某些詞作相應(yīng)的變化。除了將謂語動詞變?yōu)樵蝿釉~外，還要注意將原句中首單詞的首字母改為小寫，將句中的 some變any,將句號改為問號等。第四步“刪除”，就是去掉被疑問詞替換的劃線部分的詞。例題 6：“Can you help me carry the heavy box upstairs? ” Mr. Whitesks.轉(zhuǎn)換）答案： Mr. White asks If / whether I/we can help him carry the heavy box upstairs.解析：由于原句問句為一般疑問句，故變?yōu)橘e語從句時應(yīng)由if/whethe

19、r引導(dǎo)，由于主句中的asks為一般現(xiàn)在時，故原一般疑問句中的 can時態(tài)是不用變化的。三、專題過關(guān)1. He set the alarm clock for seven.（改成一般疑問句） he the alarm clock for seven?2. Susan has her piano lesson on Saturday afternoon.（改為般疑問句 ）Susan her piano lesson on Saturday afternoon?3. At the age of five, Martin weighed 25 kilos.（ 對畫線部分提問） did Martin w

20、eigh at the age of five?4. The dictionary on that shelf is newly published.（對劃線部分提問） is newly published?5. Nobody else in his class can speak English as fluently as he.（保持原句意思 ）He English fluently in his class.6. Put on your coat, or you'll catch a cold.（保持原句意思）you put on your coat, you'll c

21、atch a cold.7. She is tall and thin. She has long hair.（合并成一句）She is tall and thin girl long hair.8. Betty likes taking a bus to work. She likes taking an underground to work better.（ 合并句子 ）Betty taking an underground taking a bus to work.9. You must say something at the meeting.（改成否定句 ）You say at t

22、he meeting.10. The old man realized that too much salt was harmful to health.（ 改為否定句 ）The old man that too much salt was harmful to health.11. The water was so dirty that we couldn't drink it.（改成簡單句）The water was dirty for us drink.12. The poor child was so lucky that she received many books fro

23、m Project Hope.（ 改為簡單句 ）The poor child was to receive many books from Project Hope.13. Your dormitory is very bright （改成感嘆句） your dormitory is!14. The new housing estate in the city center is very expensive.（改為感嘆句） the new housing estate in the city center is !15. We must keep the noise under 50 dbs

24、（分貝）here.（改成被動語態(tài)） The noise must under 50 dbs here,16. We cannot drink the water in those lakes.（改為被動語態(tài)） The water in those lakes drunk.17. Tom didn't take part in the after-school activity yesterday.（ 改為反意疑問句 ） Tom didn't take part in the after-school activity yesterday,?18. Let's take

25、a picture in front of the fountain.（改為反義疑問句）Let's take a picture in front of the fountain,?Keys : 1-5 Did, he Does, have How much Which dictionary speaks, most6-10 if, don't a, with prefers, to mustn't, anything didn't realize11-15 too, to lucky enough How bright How expensive be kep

26、t16-18 can't be did he shall we四、學(xué)法提煉關(guān)于句型轉(zhuǎn)換各種形式中應(yīng)注意事項：1 .細(xì)審原題，弄清要求解題時首先應(yīng)很好地審閱原題，對原題中的時態(tài)、主語、形式等認(rèn)真加以解析，做到心中有數(shù)，明確解題要求。2 .上、下聯(lián)系，抓住關(guān)鍵注意上、下句之間的聯(lián)系，抓住關(guān)鍵部分，慎重檢查改寫后的句子中的詞匯、時態(tài)、習(xí)慣用語等的變換是否正確。3 .對比原題和改寫的句子上句子成分的異同，縮少所空處的范圍。一、 能力培養(yǎng)能力1：掌握?？紕釉~的過去式和過去分詞的特殊形式AAA 型的動詞：put, cut, let, cost, read, hit, hurtAAB 型的動詞：be

27、at （跳動）-beat- beatenABB型的動詞：hang （懸掛）-hung -hung lose （丟失）-lost -lostburn （燃燒）-burnt burnt mean （意思是）-meant -meant lay（放，擱下,產(chǎn)卵）-laid-laidABC 型的動詞：choose （選擇）-chose- chosenlie（躺，臥）-lay-lain能力2:掌握句型轉(zhuǎn)換各形式方法和技巧，尤其是同義短語或句型的掌握 同義短語或句型總結(jié)：arrive in/at=get to=reach be full of=be filled with be busy doing sth

28、尸be busy with sth.catch up with=keep up withhave a good time=enjoy oneselfhear from=receive a letter from=have a letter from=get a help sb with sth=help sb to do sthlook out=be carefulprefer to=like better thantake care of=look afterwalk to=go to on foota bit=a little=a fewat once=right nowmore than

29、=over一、能力檢測be able to=canbuy sb. sth.=buy sth. to sbdo well in=be good atgive sb.sth尸give sth.to sb.letter fromlike doing sth=like to do sthmake up one ' s mind to decide to doshow sb sth=show sth to sbthink about=think ofat last=in the end=finallya moment ago=just nowas soon as possible=as quic

30、k as possibleno longer=not any longer=no more=not amyore1. Tom goes to school on foot every morning.（ 改為否定句）【寶山】Tom to school on foot every morning.2. You' d better do your shopping online without visiting an actual shop.（改為否定句 ） 【虹口】You' d better your shopping online without visiting an act

31、ual shop.3. You' d better do your homework in a hurry.（改為否定句）【金山】You' d better your homework in a hurry.4. Sophie has a badminton lesson every Friday. （改為否定句）【普陀】Sophie a badminton lesson every Friday.5. Jack goes to the club to practice playing tennis every Saturday afternoon.（ 改為否定句 ）【松江】

32、Jack to the club to practice playing tennis every Saturday afternoon.6. Tom knows something about the players of our school football team.（改為一般疑問句 ） 【崇明】Tom anything about the players of your school football team?7. Susan played the violin in front of her schoolmates a week ago.（ 改為般疑問句 ） 【靜安】 Susan

33、 the violin in front of her schoolmates a week ago?8. He put many flowers on the table.（改為一般疑問句）【浦東】he many flowers on the table?9. The government tried to find some ways to solve the pollution problem.（ 改為一般疑問句 ） 【嘉定】 the government _ _ to find some ways to solve the pollution problem?10. Jonny rea

34、d a lot of reviews on poems written by Shakespeare when he was in Britain.（改為一般疑問句）【閔行】Jonny a lot of reviews on poems written by Shakespeare when he was in Britain?11. People can get drinking water by taking away the salt from sea water.（ 對戈U線部分提問）【寶山】people get drinking water?12. He interviewed so

35、me neighbors of hers in order to get information對戈U線部分提問 ）he interview some neighbors of hers?13. Sir John Gurdon has been awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize in medicine or physiology for his work on cloning（ 克隆）.（對 劃線部分提問）【虹口】Sir John Gurdon been awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize in medicine or physiology?14.

36、 Her family moved to Tokyo about ten years ago.（對劃線部分提問）【虹 口】her family move to Tokyo?15. The boy goes to school on foot to save some money.（對劃線部分提問）【金山】the boy go to school on foot?16. John' s told to be on time for the meeng.（改為反意疑問句）【寶山】John ' s told to be on time for the meeting,?17. You

37、r father has never been to Hong Kong.（改為反意疑問句）【虹口】Your father has never been to Hong Kong,?18. The government set up a new modern hospital for the farmers.（改為反意疑問句 ） 【金山】The government set up a new modern hospital for the farmers, ?19. Uncle Michael has been a professional F1 driver for many years.（

38、改為反意疑問句）【靜安】Uncle Michael has been a professional F1 driver for many years,?20. There is little time left for us to work out a solution.（ 改為反意疑問句）【徐匯】There is little time left for us to work out a solution,?21. It was a very exciting week.（改為感嘆句） 【寶山】 exciting week it was!22. Paul has made great pro

39、gress in chemistry this term. （改為感嘆句） 【普陀】progress Paul has made in chemistry this term!23. The postman delivers letters in the late afternoon every day.（改為被動語態(tài)）【寶山】Letters by the postman in the late afternoon every day.24. Saint Claus hid the presents in the long stocking on Christmas Eve.（改為被動語態(tài)）【

40、奉賢】The presents in the long stocking on Christmas by Saint Claus.25. Some shop owners use Christmas songs during the festive season to make us more careless with our money.（ 改為被動 語態(tài)）【虹口】Christmas songs to make us more careless with our money during the festive season.26. I was the only person who wa

41、s invited to the party.（保持原句意思）【寶山】Nobody me invited to the party.27. The box on theshelf is so heavy that the boy can保持句意基本不變t carry it. （ ） 【奉賢】The box on theshelf isn _tfor the boy to carry.【奉賢】28. We will have abarbecue in the forest park if it doesn' t rOWHS WUiday.變）We will have a barbecue

42、 in the forest park it this Sunday.29. What would you like to ask besides this question? （ 保持句意基本不變） 【虹口】What would you like to ask to this question?30. The water is warm. The baby can take a bath in it. （ 兩句合并為一句 ） 【寶山】 The water is for the baby to take a bath in.31. Lucy has been to Beijing. Mark

43、has been to Beijing as well. （ 合并為一句 ） 【奉賢】 Lucy and Mark been to Beijing.32. Mrs. Lin asked me " Have you finished drawing the picture?為一句）【靜侵】 Mrs. Lin asked me I finished drawing the picture.Keys: 1-5 doesn t go not do not do doesn t have doesn t go6-10 Does know Did play Did put Did try Did

44、 read11-15 How can Why did Why has When did Why does16-20 isn t he has he hasn t it hasn t he is there21-25 What an What big are delivered were hidden were used26-30 except was light enough unless rains in addition warm enough31-32 Both and if/whether have三、能力點評學(xué)法升華1. 知識收獲1）掌握句型轉(zhuǎn)換各種變換形式的做題方法技巧2）掌握常見

45、同義詞組和句型2. 方法總結(jié)1）熟悉句型轉(zhuǎn)換常考形式并掌握各變換形式的做題要點2）注意細(xì)節(jié)，避免在時態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致等方面出錯3. 技巧提煉掌握句型轉(zhuǎn)換?？伎疾煨问胶拖鄳?yīng)的短語、句型等的互換，做后日常的歸納總結(jié)工作。課后作業(yè)作業(yè)：句型轉(zhuǎn)換專項練習(xí)否定句1. Tim had to lie down for a while to rest his legs.（改為否定句）【閘北】 Tim to lie down for a while to rest his legs.2. Peter went on a three-day study trip to Nanjing last month.（改

46、為否定句）【崇明】Peter on a three-day study trip to Nanjing last month.3. Many students in our school have already read the novels by Mo Yan.（改為否定句）【黃浦】Many students in our school have read the novels by Mo Yan.Keys: 1-3 didn't have didn't go not yet一般疑問句1. More and more animals will die if we don &

47、#39; t improve our environment. 為般疑問句 ） 【松江】 more and more animals if we don ' t improve our environment?2. My son used to do some reading before going to bed.（改為一般疑問句）【長寧】 your son to do some reading before going to bed?3. Use of computers spread rapidly during that period.（改為一般疑問句）【楊浦】 use of

48、computers rapidly during that period?Keys: 1-3 Will die Did use Did spread劃線部分提問1. Teachers always encourage students to practice more after class.（對戈U線部分提問 ） 【靜安】 teachers always encourage students to do?2. The new machine stayed underwater for three hours.（對劃線部分提問）【普陀】did the new machine stay unde

49、rwater?3. Little Lucy has learnt to play the piano since she was five years 01d.（就劃線部分提問）【徐匯】has little Lucy learnt to play the piano?4. Mr. Yellow has been to Germany twice.（對劃線部分提問）【浦東】times has Mr. Yellow been to Germany?5. They surfed the Internet to gather some information about the earthquake.

50、（ 對戈ij線部分提問 ） 嘉定they surf the Internet?6. Isabelles grandmother used to go to chorchhe a week.（就劃線部分提問）【閔行】14s grandmothgoiioechtorch? times a week did Isabelle7. My father will go to Hong Kong to attend a meeting in three days.（對劃線部分提問） will your father go to Hong Kong to attend a meeting?8. Cormor

51、ant fishing is probably more than a thousand years 01d.（對劃線部分提問）【閘北】 is cormorant fishing?9. Susan finished typing the letter the most quickly in her class.（對劃線部分提問）【長寧】 Susan finish typing the letter in her class?10. People help the victims of the earthquake through the Red Cross.（對劃線部分提問）【楊浦】peopl

52、e help the victims of the earthquake?11. Jack tried to wake up his wife by ringing the door-bell.（對劃線部分提問）【崇明】Jack try to wake up his wife?12. I visit my grandparents with Mum and Dad once a week.（對劃線部分提問）【黃浦】 do you visit your grandparents with Mum and Dad?Keys: 1-5 What do How long How long How ma

53、ny Why did6-10 How many How soon How old How did How do11-15 How did How often反義疑問句1. The shop owner was losing his customers because his staff worked slowly.（改為反意問句）【浦東】The shop owner was losing his customers because his staff worked slowly,?2. The professor will give us a lecture on the effect of

54、green house next Monday.（改為反意疑問句）【嘉定】The professor will give us a lecture on the effect of green house next Monday,?3. Sometimes best wishes hardly seem enough.（改為反意疑問句）【閘北】 Sometimes best wishes hardly seem enough,?4. Gary ' s parents seldom buy him namerand sports shoes.（改為反意疑問句 ） 【長寧】 Gary

55、9; s parents seldom buy him nambrand sports shoes,?5. Psy （鳥叔）won Time Magazine' s Person of the Year Award反意疑問句）【楊浦】Psy won Time Magazine ' s Person of the Year Award?6. My brother has never seen so much snow before.（改為反意疑問句）【崇明】My brother has never seen so much snow before,?Keys: 1-5 wasn&

56、#39;t he won't he do they do they didn't he 6 has he感嘆句1. Mary is very warm-hearted.（改為感嘆句）【嘉定】 warm-hearted girl Mary is !Keys: 1 What a被動語態(tài)2. Mary wrote an E-mail to her parents yesterday.（改為被動語態(tài)） 【金山】An E-mail to her parents by Mary yesterday.3. Kitty expressed many thanks to her parents

57、on Thanksgiving Day.（ 改為被動語態(tài) ） 【靜安】 Many thanks by Kitty to her parents on Thanksgiving Day.4. In the film a man with a gun broke into a small supermarket.（改為被動語態(tài)）【普陀】In the film a small supermarket into by a man with a gun.5. Schools should offer more fruits and vegetables to students in their meals every day.（ 改為被動語態(tài) ） 【徐?匚】 More fruits and vegetables should 二 to students in their meals every day.6. Chinese people invented black tea during the Ming Dynasty.（改成被動語態(tài)）【浦東】 Black tea by Chinese people during the Ming Dynasty.7. Tom' s grandpa grows tomatoes in the field