初三英語寒假講義首字母填空

1、真誠為您提供優(yōu)質(zhì)參考資料，若有不當(dāng)之處，請指正。精銳教育學(xué)科教師輔導(dǎo)講義學(xué)員編號(hào)： 年 級(jí)： 課 時(shí) 數(shù)：學(xué)員姓名： 輔導(dǎo)科目：英語 學(xué)科教師： 授課類型C-霧霾文章C-首字母填空T首字母填空綜合授課日期及時(shí)段教學(xué)內(nèi)容首字母填空解題技巧首字母填空是閱讀體中的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，但是只要掌握良好的解題技巧，靜下心來認(rèn)真對待，細(xì)心捉摸就一定能攻克這一堡壘。在做這道題是一般應(yīng)該把握好如下步驟：1、 通讀全文，理解短文大意，判斷需填選項(xiàng)的詞性，同時(shí)將一眼能夠得出的答案迅速填上。2、 在理解作者的寫作意圖上進(jìn)行換位思考，把自己想象成作者去努力使文章完整、通順。對于一下子拿不定主意的空項(xiàng)要及時(shí)跳過，而不能在上

2、面糾纏，因?yàn)橥竺娴膬?nèi)容會(huì)給予更好的提示。3、 進(jìn)一步閱讀全文，力求整篇文章完整通順，且符合情理，否則寧缺勿亂。4、 檢查每一個(gè)答案的正確性，包括名詞的數(shù)、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、形容詞和副詞的準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用等等。一、題型背景首字母填空題答題時(shí)要求既要使所填的詞在語法和語義上正確，又要使其符合短文內(nèi)容與情景的需要，所給出的詞首字母同時(shí)起著提示和限定的作用。它不僅考查學(xué)生在詞匯、語法等方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，還考察理解、推導(dǎo)、分析等綜合能力?？疾橹攸c(diǎn)是名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞和代詞這幾大詞類。二、解題技巧 首字母填空是中考第一大難題，因?yàn)樗峭晷翁羁盏淖兎N，完形填空有四個(gè)完整的詞匯供選擇，而首字母填空只有一個(gè)首字母給到

3、提示，所以難度大大增加，但是畢竟是考試題，還是有很多線索提供我們，而放在一個(gè)段落里考察，上下語境，以及前后邏輯就成了我們最大的提示。所以，不用擔(dān)心，跟老師獲取首字母填空的通關(guān)秘籍吧。例題解析：Dogs are good pets. They are very f  1   to people and also very beautiful. Most dogs get on very well with c  2   and their parents. Others are good watch-dogs because they

4、cry loudly when a s  3arrives.  When you buy a dog, an important thing to think about is its s  4  -buy a small dog if your home is small and a bigger one if y  5   is larger. Many people dont know how much to feed their dogs. Dogs eat a  6   anythin

5、g! They like meat, rice and lots of other things. You can buy lots of food  m  7   for dogs in shops. Dont let your dogs eat too much. Feed it only once a day. Always l  8   water for your dog. It can get thirsty very quickly, especially in s  9  . 

6、Remember that dogs need e  10  . You should take it for a walk every day. Dont keep your dog inside all day.【解題指導(dǎo)】本文最突出的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)就是決大多數(shù)需填詞的后面都有一句或兩句話的內(nèi)容是對所填詞的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明的。因此，同學(xué)們在做這種類型的題時(shí)，一定要注意分析上下文的內(nèi)容，進(jìn)行推理和歸納，正確的理解句意，最后決定出最佳的詞及其正確形式。 【答案及簡析】    1. friendly. 人們之所以把狗作為寵物來養(yǎng)，主要是因?yàn)樗鼈儽容^通人

7、性，且對人很友好，能給人們帶來歡樂。根據(jù)“be very f  1   to people”來分析，此空應(yīng)填一個(gè)形容詞，表明狗對人的態(tài)度。friend是名詞，friendly是形容詞，故friendly是正確答案。    2. children. 寵物狗自然是在家中養(yǎng)， 它們除了聽主人的話以外，與家中的小主人即孩子也是好朋友。由于是指大多數(shù)家庭的情況，并受their一詞的提示，此處應(yīng)填“孩子”的復(fù)數(shù)形式，即children。    3. stranger. 狗的天性是護(hù)家。文中的watch-dogs意為“

8、看家狗”，專門指有生人來時(shí)發(fā)出叫喊的狗?！吧恕痹谟⑽闹屑礊閟tranger。    4. size. 這個(gè)空略微有點(diǎn)難。一是size一詞平時(shí)用得較少，二是一般家庭都養(yǎng)小型犬，供狗活動(dòng)的空間一般不成問題，因此，對狗的體積問題考慮的較少。從后面的句子來看，此處是在談狗的體積的問題“如果你的家小，就買一只小狗；如果你的家大，就買一只大狗?！?#160;   5. yours. 這是一個(gè)名詞性物主代詞，代替上半句的your home。此句完整的說法應(yīng)是buy a small dog if your home is small and buy a bi

9、gger one if your home is larger. 為避免詞的重復(fù)使用，在英文句子中常用名詞性物主代詞代替前面的那個(gè)名詞。 6. almost. “狗幾乎什么都吃?！边@一點(diǎn)我們從日常生活中也都知道，而且本句話的后面也進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的解釋說明，“他們喜歡吃肉，米飯和其它的東西?！?#160;   7. made. 這是make的過去分詞，在這里與for dogs一起做定語，修飾food，整句的意思是“你可以在食品店買到許多為狗做的食物。”這個(gè)空也是一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。若沒有正確理解句意，很容易寫成meat。    8. leave. 有養(yǎng)狗經(jīng)驗(yàn)

10、的同學(xué)都知道，每天一定要給狗留下供它喝的水。狗是靠舌頭來散熱的，因此它極易渴，特別是在夏天。    9. summer. 如果了解了狗的這一生理功能（靠舌頭來散熱），就不難填出summer一詞。    10. exercise. 如果想讓狗養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣并不生病的話，就必須每天帶它出去散步。從下面的句子You should take it for a walk every day. Dont keep your dog inside all day. 來看，說明狗也需要運(yùn)動(dòng)。exercise當(dāng)“運(yùn)動(dòng)”講時(shí)， 是一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞，不能在詞尾加

11、s。 首字母填空之通關(guān)秘籍第一招：判斷詞性通過句法分析弄清楚要填的詞是在句中充當(dāng)主語、謂語還是賓語等。如果是主語或賓語，要填的應(yīng)當(dāng)是名詞或代詞；如果是謂語，要填的就應(yīng)是動(dòng)詞；如果是在名詞前作定語或者在系動(dòng)詞后作表語，要填的應(yīng)當(dāng)是形容詞；如像We _busy. He _fine.之類的句子，busy， fine都是形容詞，也就是說句中還無動(dòng)詞，這一定是填系動(dòng)詞be， look等。如果是已經(jīng)在文章前用方框給出了供選擇的單詞，通過這樣的句法分析，就會(huì)將范圍大大的縮小，可能就會(huì)只剩下一、兩個(gè)單詞了。第二招：語言邏輯就是利用上下文的意思與結(jié)構(gòu)來填空，這個(gè)上下文可能是空格所處的那個(gè)句本身的前部分和后部分，

12、也可能是空格前后的那個(gè)或那幾句子，還有可能前后段落或?qū)φ恼碌睦斫?。有時(shí)甚至還要結(jié)合常識(shí)進(jìn)行簡單的邏輯推理才能準(zhǔn)確判斷出該填哪個(gè)詞。中考英語段落還是比較簡單的，所以出現(xiàn)的語言邏輯情況不多，縱觀這幾年的真題，基本上用好以下兩個(gè)兵器就能解決了。兵器1、前后解釋呼應(yīng)Remember that dogs need e  . You should take it for a walk every day. Dont keep your dog inside all day.【講解】此空后面句子其實(shí)是對前面句子的進(jìn)一步解釋，尤其是劃橫線部分就相當(dāng)于是對空格部分單詞的對 應(yīng)解釋，所以聯(lián)想到e開頭

13、的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)該就是exercise。When you buy a dog, an important thing to think about is its  s  buy a small dog if your home is small and a bigger one if your home is larger。【講解】buy這一句是不是就是對前面那一空的解釋？大房子就買大狗，小房子買小狗，那不就是說要注意 狗狗的大小嗎。"A long time, " said the doctor. "Maybe for the r 5 of your

14、 life. "【2011年上海中考真題】【講解】一個(gè)人要表達(dá)一個(gè)意思往往不止說一句話，一般說完后，會(huì)再補(bǔ)充幾句以更加說明自己的觀點(diǎn)和意 思。此舉就是對前面“a long time”的補(bǔ)充說明。 想到The rest of.句型了吧？ 兵器2、連詞提示（轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)、因果等）Mum used to d 97 us to school, but now my sister and I have started riding our bikes to school. 【2009上海中考真題】【講解】but是一個(gè)標(biāo)志性詞，標(biāo)志著前后句意思是轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在是騎車到學(xué)校，那和這個(gè)相對比， 之

15、前的是什么呢？肯丟只有drive了We stopped taking long baths and had short showers i 95 . 【2009上海中考】【講解】文章就是講節(jié)約能源的方法的，所以這句and前后其實(shí)內(nèi)容是對比關(guān)系，instead都是至于句尾的， 表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞。Most sunshine recorders o 102 record direct (直接的) sunshine. Neils is more accurate and this is very important for research into ways of using solar power

16、. Neil plans to keep inventing.【2008年上海中考】【講解】一看到more，就意味著什么？對，比較！那就是比較這兩句，more所在這句意思是遞進(jìn)的，更“精 確”，前面的肯定就是不夠精確了，為什么不夠精確呢？看到direct 馬上會(huì)想到indirect。所以聯(lián)想， 會(huì)不會(huì)是，大多數(shù)記錄者only記錄了direct sunshine，而沒有記錄indirect sunshine。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生，看 到more，but這種標(biāo)志性連詞，要高度興奮。第三招：常識(shí)常理Alana was on a diet, but she didn't like it at all. S

17、he was not a 2 to eat her favourite food by the doctor.【2011上海中考真題】【講解】減肥期間，醫(yī)生肯定是不讓你隨便吃東西的。這是常識(shí)常理。女生會(huì)更有感觸。When people study the weather, its important to be able to record the sunshine accurately. We need to know how many h 101 of sunshine we have and how strong it is.【2008上海中考】【講解】看到how many，應(yīng)該判斷這個(gè)

18、空應(yīng)該是個(gè)可數(shù)名詞，還像是一個(gè)量詞，因?yàn)楹竺嬗?of sunshine， 再根據(jù)常識(shí)，記錄陽光精確，是要記錄我們感受陽光的時(shí)間陽光本身的強(qiáng)度。 特別提示！1、考慮詞形變化 是名詞或代詞要考慮是該用單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)；是人稱代詞是用主格還是賓格；如果是動(dòng)詞就要考慮是謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞；是謂語動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，還要考慮該用哪一種時(shí)態(tài)；是非謂語動(dòng)詞是用-ing形式，不定式還是用過去分詞。等等。切不可一確定是填哪個(gè)單詞后，就在不作任何考慮的情況下填上去，犯了不該犯的錯(cuò)。 2、注意固定搭配根據(jù)空格前后之間的固定搭配關(guān)系來分析。如be good at， be interested in， mak

19、e progress， at least， at most， at last， in this way， pay a visit to， take care of， a lot of， have a population of， get on well with， have a party， give sb. sth. ， ask sb. to do sth. ， be / get used to， spenddoing， sothat等等。首字母閱讀高頻詞匯梳理：動(dòng)詞A: allowed answer attract appearedB: bring become C: call catch

20、 come correct collect closed care completed cleaning changed confuses choose complain causedD: disappeared deal/do decided discoveredE: enjoying encourages exchange end examinedF: finds follow failed followed flew finish falling feelG: giveH: help hurried happened hideI: is including invented improv

21、edJ: judgeK: knownL: leave locked love like learned look live/lead lie loseM: means makesN: named needO: offered openedP: Proved played protect planned payR: refused relax read received realize repair rememberS: spend stopped shout sleep seem showed Suppose spread sell suffered searched stepped save

22、d(saving) swim smell stop smileT: think try talks turning U: used understand形容詞A: any angry another active asleep alone B: beautiful best black blue broken betterC: closer certain common cheap confident cold careful crazy/curiousD: daily different difficult E: easy excited (exciting) enjoyable every

23、 empty enough everyone's/everybody's/each/every F: free few first full G: greater good H: heavy happy highest hungry healthyI: interested (interesting) important impossibleK: kind L: less little long (longer) lower M: many/most modern much N: noisy/noisier natural/necessary noO: own otherP:

24、prefect prettier pleased possible popular publicR: right reasonable real rude recentS: safe sorry same special small sick safe sick straightT: two tired traditional these/three thicker thankful top副詞A: along around always almost also according actually again anywhereB: backC: completely carefully/cl

25、osely D: down E: exactly especially easily even ever F: finally further G: hardly how hardI: inside instead L: luckily lateN: not neverO: only off outsideP: probably Perhaps properlyQ: quietly / quicklyR: really rather S: still Slowly seriously sometimes( soon seldom safely simply SoftlyT: terribly

26、through then togetherU: usuallyW: when well with代詞anyone anything either nothing ones himself herself hers Ourselves others mine myself nothing nobody something self These/They them yourself名詞A: address actress(actor) amount arrangement area/attraction Army arm(s) B: bus bedroom building C: country

27、culture class customers chance color college D: diseases dream days differenceE: exercise experience example endF: film future friendship flatG: game gradesH: housework happiness hobbies homes/houses history hole hair hopesI: information ideaJ: journey jackets jobL: lesson list living life luck leg

28、lengthM: milk moments (moment) minutes men money messagesN: name number P: popular part problems people/persons performanceR: radio rest responsibility rule reasonsS: summer story smile stars saying surprise side skills連詞As(After) and before because but(however) until since unless whether though so

29、that what when/while學(xué)法總結(jié)： 首字母填空題答題時(shí)要求既要使所填的詞在語法和語義上正確，又要使其符合短文內(nèi)容與情景的需要，所給出的詞首字母同時(shí)起著提示和限定的作用。它不僅考查學(xué)生在詞匯、語法等方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，還考察理解、推導(dǎo)、分析等綜合能力。各區(qū)縣初三二?？碱}匯編寶山區(qū)C.Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順。每空格限填一詞，首字母已給)（14分）Nowadays more and more people are crazy about travellin

30、g. Why do people travel? “To see more of the world,” many people would say. But travelling abroad now means much more than that for the growing number of Chinese tourists. Of course it o 86 us good opportunities to meet people from other countries, learn about their culture and customs.According to

31、the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), more than 1 billion people travelled to a 87 country in 2012. In 2012, Chinese people travelled abroad 30 percent more than in 2011. The prosperity (繁榮) of the tourism industry can also bring both our country and foreign countries in economy of

32、great benefits. Chinese people usually join large tourist groups and visit several countries in one trip. “A Chinese person is not going to the Mediterranean (地中海地區(qū)) just to visit one placeThese are the travelers of the future,” said the UNWTO.Chinese people dont just travel for s 88 , either.The Ch

33、ina International Travel Service Company said that all their tour trips sold out a month before Christmas Day. Stores offered discounts during that time. So shopping in Europe and the United States is popular a 89 Chinese travelers.In December, China is going through a very cold winter. So many peop

34、le like go to some countries in Southeast Asia because the weather there is quite p 90 . “I want to enjoy the sunshine and beaches there, rather than the cold in Beijing,” said Hong Qian, who took a holiday to Malaysia. He spent ten days there with his family. His wife was very interested in Penang,

35、 an island city in Malaysia.The improvement of living standards means more Chinese can travel abroad. But many of them dont have a s 91 of public manners. A report by Living Social website in March 2012 even listed Chinese as the worlds second worst tourists, after Americans.If you want to change th

36、at bad name, remember to avoid the following: littering, spitting, snatching (搶奪) bus seats, line-jumping, taking off shoes in public, talking l 92 and smoking in non-smoking areas. Besides, we should learn some necessary manners of foreign countries. 86. offers 87. another 88. sightseeing 89. among

37、 90. pleasant 91. sense 92. loudly2.奉賢區(qū)C.Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給)（14分）Wonder why you can get angry so easily while your friend smiles all the time? Its p_86_ because you both have different personalities(性格) . Personality is also a

38、bout how people think, behave, and react(反應(yīng)) to e_87_ around them from day to day. So what makes people think and behave in certain ways?Part of the reason is that people are born like this. A baby gets its blood type, genes（基因）and other physical things when its still inside its mother. These things

39、 may help decide what the baby will be l_88_.But ones personality doesnt stop here. Family life, school learning and life experience can also make you the person you are. This doesnt mean its i_89_ to change your personality. You can always try to make yourself better. Dont get too worried about you

40、r weak points. Just a_90_ them. This is a good way to start making changes.If you dont know how to make friends, find out why. Is it because you are too s_91_? Tell yourself to smile at people. Start talking to people using warm greetings. Dont give yourself a hard time about it all. Its not easy to

41、 change life h_92_ in one night. Keep working at it. One day youll see that you can turn over a new leaf and be a new one.86. probably/possibly 87. everything 88. like 89. impossible 90. accept 91. shy 92. habits3、虹口區(qū)C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. (在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順

42、，首字母已給，每格限填一詞): (共14分)When I came out of my office, it was dark. In order to get home as soon as possible, I took a taxi. The car was flying along the road, but later it was in a traffic jam in darkness. I b_86_ the silence for fear that the driver might be too tired to drive. “When do you go back h

43、ome in the evenings?”“Nine oclock. Ill go home after this t_87_.”“Then when do you come out in the mornings?” I threw out another question.“Nine oclock, too. And I go home for lunch and dinner, just as if I worked at an office.” His words s_88_ me, because every time I ride in a taxi, what I hear fr

44、om the driver is only complaints. They complain that they have to work from morning till night, that it is hard to earn money, that they are bullied(欺負(fù))by the police, or that the leaders enjoy the fruits of their work. It s_89_ they are not satisfied with everything. But this driver told me, “I find

45、 it tiring to be a section chief as I was before. I dont like management work. I like driving, just out of pleasure. Its lucky that I s_90_ drive without a passenger. So I can earn three or four thousand yuan a month easily. Any trick? Yes, I never follow an e_91_taxi. If it goes southward, I go nor

46、thward. If it goes along the highway, I turn into a narrow street. In this way I always get customers.”His words showed his satisfaction with his life and the pride he took in his job. Such feelings are so rare among people nowadays just as oxygen in high mountains. How many people nowadays can show

47、 high ideals(理想；完美) by s_92_ living and go with a calm mind? I couldnt help feeling moved when I found such a state of mind in a stranger on a cold winter night.86. broke 87. trip 88. surprised 89. seems 90. seldom 91. empty 92. simple4、黃浦區(qū)C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words

48、. (在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給)（14分）It may be possible to enjoy a higher standard (標(biāo)準(zhǔn)) of living if you have a small family. There are clear advantages to having a small family. H_86_, there can also be serious disadvantages if it is a small family. The parents have big responsibilities (責(zé)任)

49、of raising children by themselves if they have no help from other family m_87_. Today, it is quite common for both parents to work full time in order to pay for the basic cost of living of family. When the parents come home, they are often very t_88_ from a hard day at work. Still, they have to take

50、 care of the children, cook, clean, wash clothes, shop, etc. When there is only one parent, of course the responsibilities of looking after the children are much h_89_ for him or her. They have to work out all the things by themselves. They just hope that everything goes right every day. More and mo

51、re, people in small families have been trying to create their own extended families (大家庭) to meet their needs. They often try to develop a net-work of friends and neighbors to be part of their self-created extended family. For example, small families may celebrate holidays t_90_ and, if there are ch

52、ildren, they may share responsibilities of child raising. Your child might go to a neighbors h_91_ or apartment after school on certain days, and then you would do something in e_92_ to help your neighbor out. Many of these arrangements are very successful and helpful for those families.86.However&#

53、160;     87.members       88.tierd       89.heavier(harder)      90.together     91.house      92.exchange5、金山區(qū)DC.Read the passage and fill in the bla

54、nks with proper words.（在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給。) （14分）Do you have sleeping problems? Is it hard for you to remember or pay attention in class? Do you get angry e 86 ? If your answer is yes, you may be under stress (壓力).Stress is a normal physical response to things that make people feel w

55、orried. In China, 70 percent of the 2,000 students about to take the college or high school entrance examination are under high stress, according to a recent s 87 by Wuhan University of Hubei province.Sometimes stress is good for people. It p 88 people to do their best, like while getting ready befo

56、re a big competition or exam. H 89 , too much or long-term stress makes people feel a stress overload (負(fù)荷過多), and affects peoples health.When you feel stressed, there are some ways you can deal with it. Learning to work out small problems in everyday life is h 90 . It can help build confidence to mo

57、ve on to lifes bigger ones. Try s 91 some positive (積極的) words to yourself, like “I will do the best that I can,” or “I can handle (處理) this if I take one step at a time.” That encourages you to work toward your goal. It is also important to relax sometimes, for example by getting a good nights sleep, doing exercises or taking a bath.But if you are under high stress and cant deal with it by yourself, it is also good to ask parents or fr