小學1-6年級英語語法梳理

1、小學 1-6 年級英語語法梳理目錄：1. 冠詞2. 名詞3. 代詞4. 形容詞和副詞5. 數(shù)詞6. 介詞7. Can句型8. There be 句型9. 動詞10. 時態(tài)1、基本用法:系金宛祠；a. an定近祠：the不定冠詞僅用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面,表示“一”的意義，但不強調(diào)數(shù) 目觀念,只表示名詞為不特定者。定冠詞則表示名詞為特定者，表示“這"，"那，“這些"，"那 些”的意思，在可數(shù)的單復數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前面都可以用。第一次提到某人或某物時，用不定冠詞a或an ,表示泛指。再次提到 某人或基物時，用定冠洞the ,特指上文提到的人、事或物。如： Th

2、ere is a pen and a pencil in my pencil-case. The pen is red and the pencil is black.2、A與an的用法區(qū)別:a用于輔音音素前（輔音音素指的是發(fā)音，不是指輔音字 母，如：a university student而an則用于元音音素前（不是元音字母），如：an egg, an orange, an onion.3、定冠詞與零冠詞的用法區(qū)別：在序數(shù)詞和形容詞的最高級前面用the ,如：The library is on the first floor. Summer is the hottest season of

3、theyear. 在樂器名詞前用the,表示演奏，如:play the piano, play the violin； play the guitar等。 在球類、三餐前通常不用冠詞,如：play football, play baseball, eat lunch, eat dinner等。 在月份、星期、季節(jié)等名詞的前面通常不用冠詞，如：in Jan., on Monday, in summer等。Exercise:1. Gilbert is Italian taxi driver.2. She is housewife.3. Pm English.4. He's American

4、 policeman.5. He likes book in his shelf.6. Robert is engineer.7. He is playing violin.8. He is playing football.9. Sophie is on second floor.10. She will come back on Monday.名詞復數(shù)形式的規(guī)則變化:變化規(guī)則例得一般情況下在詞尾加-sbook-bookspen-pens以-S/-X /-ch/-sh結(jié)尾的名詞 在詞尾加esbox-boxesbus-buses以犍音字母加y結(jié)尾的單詞，要變y 為i,再加-esfamily-f

5、amiliesbaby-babies（以兀白字母加-渾尾的單詞電接加-s： boy-boys key-keys）以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)把f或能變 為V ,再加 esleaf-leavesknife*-knives以。結(jié)尾的詞，有生命的加-2S,無生命的加-Stomato-tomatoes potato- potatoeszoo-zoos photo-photos名詞復數(shù)形式的特殊變化：1 .改變中間元音字母，如： man-menwoman-womenfoot-feetgoose-geesetooth-teeth2 .詞尾發(fā)生變化，如：child-children3 .單、復數(shù)形式相同，如：f

6、ish-fish , sheep-sheep , deer-deer名詞所有格:(1)表示有生命的人或物的名詞所有格形式，一般用S表示。 一般在單數(shù)名詞的詞尾加'S ,如：Chen Jie' s mother.以s結(jié)尾的復數(shù)名詞只加，不以s結(jié)尾的復數(shù)名詞要加s, 如:The students' bags The children, s presents(2)表示幾個人共有一樣東西,只需在最后一個人名字后 加s,如果表示各自所有，則需在各個名字后加's。如： Jim and Mike's room (共用)的房間,Jim's and Mike

7、9;s ooms(各自)的房間人稱代詞(3 )表示無生命的事物的所有格形式：名詞+。什所有者，如： a picture of my room教格主格賓格箝一人稱Ime單.第二人稱youyouhehim第三人稱sheherititr第一人稱weUS第二人稱youyou第三人稱Jtheythem人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別：Her hair is longer than rrne. my hair有名則形，無名則名。如果名詞前用了形容詞性物主代詞，就不能再用 冠詞(a, an, the)、指示代詞(this, that, these, those)等修飾詞了。

8、例如：這是他的書桌。This is his desk.與形容詞一起修飾名詞時，形容詞性物主代詞要 放在形容詞的前面。如:his English books他的英語書， their Chinese friends他們的中國朋友。 l.It's a bird. Its name is Polly.2.He*s a student. His mother is a teacher.物主代詞楚一 數(shù)7稱主格賓格形容詞性 物主代詞名詞性 物主代詞甲數(shù)第一人稱Imemymine第二人稱youyouyouryours第三人稱hehimhishissheherherhersitititsits復數(shù)第一

9、人稱weusourours第二人稱youyouyouryours第三人稱theythemtheirtheirs指示代詞this/these指空間上較近的事物；that/those指空間上較遠的事物。Exercise:從括號內(nèi)選擇正確的代詞填空1. Your football clothes are on the desk. Please put (they, them, their, theirs) away.2. (We, Us, Our, Ours)English teacher isMrs. Green. We all like(she, her, hers).3. (I, Me, My

10、, Mine)can't get my kite. Could you help(l9 me, my, mine)?4. Tom can't get down from the tree. Can you help (he, him, his)?5. We can't find our bikes.Can you help(we, us, our, ours)?6. (This, these) are(he, him, his) planes. The white ones are(I, me, mine).1、形容詞的比較級：A + be動詞+形容詞比較級+ than

11、 +BYou are taller than your mother.形容詞比較級的變化規(guī)則： 一般在詞尾加 er,如：tall - taller, strong - stronger. 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾時加r ,如:fine - finer, late-later. 以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾時，先改y為i再加七， 如：funny-funnier, heavy-heavier. 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾并且詞末只有一個輔音字母時，雙寫 最后的字母再加er,如：big-bigger, thin-thinner, hot- hotter2.副詞可以分為：時間副詞，如:now, yesterday, today

12、等;j頻度副詞，如:。ften, usually, never; sometimes, always等；/ 程度副詞，如:very, too, much, so等。Yesterday, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago, last Monday, last weekend, last night, last month, last yearjust now； on my holiday, yesterday morning /afternoon/ evening/.Exercise: 1. My brother is two years(old)than

13、 me. 2. Tbm is as(fat) as Jim. 3. Is your sister(young) than you? Yes,she is. 4. Who is(thin),you or Helen? 5. Mary's hair is as(long) as Lucy's. 7.Ben (jump)(high) than some of the boys in his class. 6.My eyes are(big) than(she).7 .Which is(heavy),the elephant or the pig?8 .Who gets up(earl

14、y),Tim or Tom?基數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)目（多少）的教詞。年齡和時 間的表達用基數(shù)詞。One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine TenEleven Twelve Thirteen Fourteen Fifteen Sixteen Seventeen Eighteen Nineteen TwentyTwenty-one Twenty-two Thirty Forty Fifty Sixty Seventy Eighty Ninety A hundredLearn these numbers and find out the rules:一起找規(guī)律

15、1stfirstHth2ndsecond12th3 rdthird13th4thfourth14 th5thfifth15th6由sixth16th7th seventh 17 th 8theighth18th9thninth19thIQth tenth 20theleventh 21st twelfth22ndthirteenth 23rd fourteenth 24th fifteenth 25th sixteenth 26th seventeenth 27th eighteenth 28th nineteenth 29th twentieth 30th31sttwenty-first t

16、wenty-second twenty-thirdtwenty-fourth twenty-fifth twenty-sixth twenty-seventh twenty-eighth twenty-ninth thirtieth thirty-first注意：序數(shù)詞在使用時，通常前面要加定冠詞the。日期用序數(shù)詞表示，前面可加the?也可以省略。巧記口訣：基變序，有規(guī)律，一、二、三單獨記。th ,四加起，八去t來、九去e。 遇到ve, f替，ty變?yōu)閠ie, 后跟th莫遲疑。若想表示幾十幾，只變個位就可以。1、把下列基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。Mo一 second twelve_ twelfth f

17、ive_ fifththree, third nine_ninth twenty, twentieth eight_gjghth thirty-one_ thirty-first2、按要求變換句子。1、My birthday ison August fourth（對劃線部分提問）2、Nick isthirteen（提問）Hqw old © Nick?能力訓練When is youbirthday?a weekSunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday ThursdayFriday Saturday3、My birthday is on January 103.（一

18、般疑問句并做否定回答）Is your birthday on January 10th? Nojt isn't序數(shù)詞：1st2nd3rd4th5th Month?6th7th1. Spring Festival （春節(jié)）is inJanuary or February2. Tree Planting Day （植樹節(jié)）is in March.3. Mother' s Day is in May.4. National Day （國慶節(jié)）is in October5. Teachers' Day is inSeptember6. Christmas Day （圣誕節(jié)）is

19、 in December7. April FooT s Day （愚人節(jié)）is in April8. Children1 s Day （兒童節(jié)）is in June .9. Students have summer holiday（暑假）in June a ndJuly.10. Thanksgiving（感恩節(jié)）is in November2、年月日的表達句型：When is your birthday/ New Year' s Day/.?What' s the date?年：先讀前兩位，再讀后兩位，用基數(shù)詞表示。in 1973月：縮寫形式，首字母要大寫。in Sept.日:

20、一般用序數(shù)詞表示。on June the first 2013(on June 1st, 2013)3、時間的表達 直接讀出數(shù)字，先讀小時，再讀分鐘 半點或半點以內(nèi)，用past: 7:05 five past seven 超過半小時,接近整點時,用to: 4:50 ten to five 刻鐘用a quarter : 9:15 a quarter past nine1、時間介詞:at, in, on, before, after .at, in, 0n在表示時間時的區(qū)別:年用in,月用in,季節(jié)前面也用in,上午下午還用in.日子前面要用on,若是遇到了時刻，就用at加前面。2、方位介詞:on

21、, in, under, behind, in front of near, over, on, over在表示位置上的區(qū)別：on表示在上面，強調(diào)兩個物體相接觸。如:There is a book on the desk.over表示垂直在上的正上方,兩個物體表面沒有接觸。如:There is a bridge over the river.(-)基本用法1.表示體力或腦力方面的能力，意為"能；會”等。顏口 : I can do the dishes. I can swim.2.表示請求或允許，多用在口語中，意為“可以；能等。 用于疑問句中用來提出要求，用于否定句表示不允許。例如：

22、Can I help you? You can* t play basketball.Can you. ?"請你好嗎？ ”表示說話人的請求；Can L.? “我可以嗎?”用來征求對方是否允許自己做 某事。如:Can I wear my T-shirt today?(二)基本句式：句式構(gòu)成與變化目定句主語十“n十動詞原形十其它 如：I can play the piano.否定句主語+ca” t+動詞原形+其它 如:I can' t play the piano._般 疑問句Can+主語+動詞原形+其它？ 如:Can you play the piano?Yes, I can.

23、 /No, I can' t.特殊 疑問句特殊疑問詞+ can開頭的一般疑問句？ 如：What can you do?How can I get to the park?Exercise:一、改錯。()1 We can help she . ( )2 She can't washes the clothes .()3 What can the cat does ? ()4 Can you eat those beef? No, I can . 二、填空。2 She（不會打掃房間）.3 My mother cook the meals .（我媽媽會做飯）»4 （她姐姐會

24、說英語。）Her sister speak English .5 （你會唱歌嗎？）sing?意義地有某物（或人）主語是單數(shù)，be動詞用is;主語是復數(shù)，be動詞用are; 如果有幾件物品，be動詞根據(jù)最接近be的那個名詞決 定，簡稱”就近原則”。如：There is a pencil-case and three books in my schoolbag. There are three books and a pencil-case in my schoolbag. 句式：否定句在be動詞后加not, 一般疑問句把be動詞 放句首。 與have (has)的區(qū)別:there be表示在某地

25、有某物(或 人)；have (has)表示某人擁有某物，二者不能同時出 現(xiàn)在句子中。 some和any在there be句型中的運用：some用于肯 定句，any用于否定句或疑問句。 用恰當?shù)腷e動詞填空° 1、There a lot of sweets in the box. 2、There some milk in the glass.3、There some people under the the big tree. 4、There a picture and 4 maps on the wall. 5、There lots of flowers in our garden

26、last year. 6、There a tin of chicken behind the fridge yesterday. 7、There four cups of coffee on the table. ( )8.There not milk in the cup on the table .A are, many B. are , much C. is .many D. is .much原形、第三人稱單數(shù)、第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則：現(xiàn)在分詞、過去式變化規(guī)則舉例一情況在動詞詞尾加-Splayplays sing-sings以ch, sh, s.昭吉尾的動詞后加-esteachteache

27、s wash-washes以輔音字母加母尾的動詞，欣y為i, Sin-esflyflies study-studies現(xiàn)在分詞變化規(guī)則：變化規(guī)則舉例-般情況直接加-inggogoing jumpJumping以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，去e力卜ingwrite-writing comecoming以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾并且詞末只有一個 輔音字母時，雙寫最后一個輔音字母 再加-ingrunrunning swim-swimming過去式變化規(guī)則：變化規(guī)則舉例一股在詞尾直報）口edplay-played clean-cleaned以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾直接加-dlivelived dance-danced以輔音字

28、母加成吉尾的動詞，先變y為i, 再加-edstudy-studied以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾并且詞末只有一 輔音字母時，雙寫最后一個軸苜字母 再加edstop-stopped不規(guī)則動詞單獨記:do-did, gowent, readread , sing-sang, eatate, taketook, havehad, buybought, seesaw, get-got,iswas, arewere,leaveleft,swimswam,flyflew, comecame二二L 一般現(xiàn)在時（一）意義：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情、動作或存在的狀態(tài)（二）構(gòu)成及變化： 俵DBe動詞的變化肯同主語+be （am,

29、is, are）+其它 如:He is my math teacher.否定句主語+ be + not +其它如:He is not my math teacher.f 疑問句Be +主語+其它？如:Is he your math teacher?Yes, he is. / No, he isn' t特殊 疑問句疑詞詞+一般疑問句？如:Who is your math teacher?俵2）-行為動詞的變化當主語為第一、二人稱及復數(shù)時，助動詞為do肯定句否定句一般疑問句特殊疑問句主語+動詞原形（+其它）如:We often play football on the weekend.主語

30、+don' t+動詞原形（+其它）如:we don' t play football on the weekend.Do +主語+動詞原形+其巨不如：Do you often play football on the weekend?Yes, I do. / No, I don't.特殊疑問詞+以d。開頭的一般疑問句？如：What do you often do on the weekend?）一-,（表3）行為動詞的變化當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，助動詞為does肯定句主語+動詞二單形式（十具它）。 如:He lives in Beijing.否定句主語十doesn

31、9;動詞原形（十其它）。如:He doesn, t live in Beijing.一般疑 問句Does十主語十動詞原形十其它？ 如：Does he live in Beijing ?Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.特殊疑 問句特殊疑問詞+以does開頭的一般疑問句？ 如:Where does he live?（三）時間標志：常與頻度副詞連用，如：always, usually, often, sometimes , never.2、現(xiàn)在進行時（一）意義：當表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作或正 跋生的事。（二）構(gòu)成:be動詞（am, is,are） +動詞-ing形

32、式（三）時間標志：now ,句前一般有l(wèi)ook, listen等 詞。肯定句主語+ be +動詞-ing +其他. 如：I' m reading a book.否定句主語+ be + not +動詞-ing +其他. 女口 ： I' m not reading a book.一般疑問句Be+主語+動詞-ing +其他？ 如:Are you reading a book?Yes, I am. / No, T m not.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句？ 如:What are you doing?3、一般將來時（一）意義：表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也 表示將來某個

33、時間經(jīng)常或重復發(fā)生的動作。（二）構(gòu)成：be going t。+動詞原形：表示打算、計劃、準備做的事或可能 將要發(fā)生的事情。will+動詞原形：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或情況，沒有太多的計劃 性，還用來表示意愿O（三）時間標志：常與表示將來的時間狀語連用；tomorrow, soon, next week/ month/ year, this morning/ afternoon/ evening .be going to +動詞原形肯定句主語+be(am/is/ are) going to +動詞原形+將來時間 F m going to read a magazine this evening.否定句主語+be not going to +動詞原形+將來時間.I am not going to read a magazine this evening.一般疑問 句Be (am / is/are)+主語+going to+動詞原形+其它？Are you going to read a ma