初中首字母填空做題技巧講解(含答案)

1、真誠為您提供優(yōu)質(zhì)參考資料，若有不當(dāng)之處，請指正。如何做好首字母填空題 首字母填空類短文題是近幾年中考試題經(jīng)常采用的題型之一，因?yàn)樗蟹浅：玫男哦群托Ф?，又能拉開考生間的分差、提高區(qū)分度。這種題型屬于能力測試的范疇，它考查的范圍極廣，可以是英語知識的方方面面，還可能涉及其它學(xué)科。它要求考生在充分理解短文的基礎(chǔ)上將單詞拼寫出來，并且單詞形式合理，符合語法規(guī)范，符合短文需要。這種試題的首字母已給，所填的就必須是該字母開頭的單詞。這既是一種限制，又是一種提示。 可是這種題型因難度相對較大，考生失分現(xiàn)象比較嚴(yán)重。學(xué)生要仔細(xì)閱讀全文，利用上下文提供的有關(guān)信息，再仔細(xì)閱讀相關(guān)句子，判斷所

2、缺單詞的句子成分，才能完成練習(xí)。完型填空式中考試卷中最難的題型，最能測量考生實(shí)際運(yùn)用語言的能力。要做好此類題目，考生不但要有較強(qiáng)的語感，善于體會上下文的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，而且要有扎實(shí)的語言知識儲備和較大的詞匯量。考查重點(diǎn)是名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞和代詞這幾大詞類。² 首字母填空特點(diǎn)及中考趨勢：1) 首字母填空題答題時要求既要使所填的詞在語法和語義上正確，又要使其符合短文內(nèi)容與情景的需要，所給出的詞首字母同時起著提示和限定的作用。它不僅考查學(xué)生在詞匯、語法等方面的基礎(chǔ)知識，還考察理解、推導(dǎo)、分析等綜合能力。2) 從近幾年的考題來看，短文填空題所考查的單詞涉及的詞性范圍較廣，幾乎涉及到了十大詞類

3、；文中所涉及的語言知識面較寬，學(xué)生需運(yùn)用已學(xué)過的詞法、句法及常用詞組、短語、慣用法等知識進(jìn)行具體分析后再答題，有一定的難度。文章短小、精致，字?jǐn)?shù)通常在100150之間。短文的體裁不一，有記敘文、說明文、議論文等。短文題材豐富，內(nèi)容通俗易懂，與現(xiàn)代生活緊密相關(guān)，如：英國人分期付款購房；度假回來的路上買家具的小故事；食物對不同年齡段的人的不同影響；被馴化的動物可以為人們做事情等，可讀性、趣味性強(qiáng)，符合初中生的認(rèn)知特點(diǎn)。² 首字母填空的解題方法和技巧：短文填空題失分率較高，其原因也是較多的。有些同學(xué)或急于求成，或過于自信，或?yàn)楣?jié)省時間，在未通讀完全文時便匆匆答題。殊不知這樣做會適得其反，達(dá)

4、不到良好的效果。因此，了解和掌握正確的解題方法和技巧是十分必要的。u 通讀全文，了解大意 短文中雖有一些詞未知，但不影響對文章主要內(nèi)容的理解。在初步閱讀中，可以跳過空格，盡量捕捉文章所提供的內(nèi)容信息，以及語法結(jié)構(gòu)方面的提示，有助于下一步的分析與判斷。 u 再讀全文，理清脈絡(luò)    通讀全文、掌握大意后，還應(yīng)逐字逐句地仔細(xì)閱讀，從文意中找出句與文、句與句、詞與句、詞與詞之間的關(guān)系，尤其是一些不易察覺的、隱含的微妙關(guān)系，用已知信息去獲取未知信息，以便初步確定答案。在答題過程中，同學(xué)們可以把有把握的詞先填好，逐步減少空格對閱讀造成的障礙，然后再仔細(xì)推敲剩下的難題。 u

5、仔細(xì)推敲，確保準(zhǔn)確    詞義判斷正確了不等于答題正確，同學(xué)們還應(yīng)從詞法、句法、慣用法等方面考慮答案的準(zhǔn)確性。有的學(xué)生經(jīng)過思考確定了一個意思正確的詞作為答案，但忽略了從語法角度再進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，因而出現(xiàn)了一些與時態(tài)、人稱等有關(guān)的詞形變化的錯誤。如果填的詞是名詞，首先要考慮到單、復(fù)數(shù)的問題；如果是動詞，要考慮應(yīng)使用什么時態(tài)和語態(tài)。 u 注意：填入的詞既能使句意通順，又能做到語法、用詞搭配的正確。如bought易誤答成buy；lights易誤答成light；reaches易誤答成reach; heavier易誤答成heavy等。 因此，在初步確定答案后，一定還要反復(fù)考慮，仔

6、細(xì)推敲，確保用詞準(zhǔn)確u 復(fù)讀全文，全面檢查 答題完畢后復(fù)讀全文，進(jìn)行核查是必不可少的。做完題后，一定要認(rèn)真檢查，盡量減少粗心所致的筆誤或拼寫錯誤，對有疑問的地方，更要根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容、上下文的語法結(jié)構(gòu)、邏輯發(fā)展進(jìn)行反復(fù)斟酌，這樣才能盡量避免失分。專項(xiàng)題型解析例題解析 Dogs are good pets. They are very f  1   to people and also very beautiful. Most dogs get on very well with c  2   and their parents. Oth

7、ers are good watch-dogs because they cry loudly when a s  3   arrives.    When you buy a dog, an important thing to think about is its  s  4  buy a small dog if your home is small and a bigger one if y  5   is larger. Many people dont know

8、how much to feed their dogs. Dogs eat a  6   anything! They like meat, rice and lots of other things. You can buy lots of food  m  7   for dogs in shops. Dont let your dogs eat too much. Feed it only once a day. Always l  8   water for your dog. It c

9、an get thirsty very quickly, especially in s  9  .    Remember that dogs need e  10  . You should take it for a walk every day. Dont keep your dog inside all day.答案及簡析    1. friendly. 人們之所以把狗作為寵物來養(yǎng)，主要是因?yàn)樗鼈儽容^通人性，且對人很友好，能給人們帶來歡樂。根據(jù)“be very f  1

10、60;  to people”來分析，此空應(yīng)填一個形容詞，表明狗對人的態(tài)度。friend是名詞，friendly是形容詞，故friendly是正確答案。    2. children. 寵物狗自然是在家中養(yǎng)， 它們除了聽主人的話以外，與家中的小主人即孩子也是好朋友。由于是指大多數(shù)家庭的情況，并受their一詞的提示，此處應(yīng)填“孩子”的復(fù)數(shù)形式，即children。    3. stranger. 狗的天性是護(hù)家。文中的watch-dogs意為“看家狗”，專門指有生人來時發(fā)出叫喊的狗?！吧恕痹谟⑽闹屑礊閟tranger。&#

11、160;   4. size. 這個空略微有點(diǎn)難。一是size一詞平時用得較少，二是一般家庭都養(yǎng)小型犬，供狗活動的空間一般不成問題，因此，對狗的體積問題考慮的較少。從后面的句子來看，此處是在談狗的體積的問題“如果你的家小，就買一只小狗；如果你的家大，就買一只大狗?！?#160;   5. yours. 這是一個名詞性物主代詞，代替上半句的your home。此句完整的說法應(yīng)是buy a small dog if your home is small and buy a bigger one if your home is larger. 為避免詞的重復(fù)使

12、用，在英文句子中常用名詞性物主代詞代替前面的那個名詞。6.almost.“狗幾乎什么都吃?！边@一點(diǎn)我們從日常生活中也都知道，而且本句話的后面也進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的解釋說明，“他們喜歡吃肉，米飯和其它的東西?！?.made.這是make的過去分詞，在這里與for dogs一起做定語，修飾food，整句的意思是“你可以在食品店買到許多為狗做的食物。”這個空也是一個難點(diǎn)。若沒有正確理解句意，很容易寫成meat。8.leave.有養(yǎng)狗經(jīng)驗(yàn)的同學(xué)都知道，每天一定要給狗留下供它喝的水。狗是靠舌頭來散熱的，因此它極易渴，特別是在夏天。9.summer.如果了解了狗的這一生理功能（靠舌頭來散熱），就不難填出summ

13、er一詞。10.exercise.如果想讓狗養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣并不生病的話，就必須每天帶它出去散步。從下面的句子You should take it for awalk everyday.Dont keep your dog inside all day.來看，說明狗也需要運(yùn)動。exercise當(dāng)“運(yùn)動”講時，是一個不可數(shù)名詞，不能在詞尾加s。本文最突出的一個特點(diǎn)就是決大多數(shù)需填詞的后面都有一句或兩句話的內(nèi)容是對所填詞的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明的。因此，在做這種類型的題時，一定要注意分析上下文的內(nèi)容，進(jìn)行推理和歸納，正確的理解句意，最后決定出最佳的詞及其正確形式。 鞏固練習(xí)：There was an old

14、man who loved money very much. He n  1   gave anything to anybody. After some years he became r  2  .    One day he was walking near the river with his friends when he fell into the river. His friends ran to help him. One of them held out his hand and cried, “

15、Give me your hand, and Ill p  3   you out！”The rich m  4   head went down the water a  5   then came up again, but he did not g  6   his hand to his friend. Again another of his friends tried, but again the s  7   thing happe

16、ned.    Then a  8   friend, Nasreddin, said, “Take my hand and Ill pull you out!” The rich man took his hand and Nasreddin pulled him out of the water.    “You dont know your friend very w 9  .” Nasreddin said to the others. “When you say Give！ to hi

17、m, he d  10   nothing, but when you say Take！ he always takes.”Ø 答案與簡析：    守財奴鬧出了笑話。文中談了一次救人的過程，解題時要根據(jù)當(dāng)時的情況特別注意“give”和“take”的妙用。    1. never. 因?yàn)閘ove money,所以他決不會“給予”。never意為“從不”。    2. rich. rich是形容詞，作表語。由于從不施舍，幾年后他就富有了。  

18、60; 3. pull. pull.out意為“把拉出來”。    4. mans. head 為名詞，要選用man的所有格形式。    5. and. and then.意為“后來又”。and起并列作用。    6. give. give.to.意為“把給”。    7. same. 句意為：又發(fā)生了同樣的情況。    8. another. another表示不定指的“又一個，另一個”。    9. well.

19、well為副詞，know well意思是“很了解”。    10. does. 這句話是引述原話，故用一般現(xiàn)在時。do nothing表示“什么事都不干”。 例題解析Do you know the word “brunch”? In the West, many people like to have brunchlate (1)b_ or early lunch. People often have brunch (2) b_ 10 a. m. and 2 p.m. on Sunday because they prefer to get up (3) l_ a

20、fter a week's hard work or want to enjoy brunch with their parents, or friends. That is a relaxing and interesting (4)w_ of eating for most families.Today, brunch has become (5) p_ in big hotels. One can (6) e_ ask for or cook it himself. To make it (7) l_ like both breakfast and lunch, people c

21、hoose to have lots of dishes. You may often see the following (8) f_ on the table, meat, eggs, fruit, (9) v_, orange juice, tea and bacon. Do you have brunch at (10) w_? If not, why not try?Ø 答案與解析:這是一篇說明文，文章介紹了近年來在西方流行的brunch(早午餐)。brunch 一詞是由breakfast 與lunch 中的字母br和unch 合在一起構(gòu)成的。  

22、60; 1. breakfast, 由下句“early lunch” 和前面的對應(yīng)詞late 可知 brunch 是比breakfast 要晚，而比lunch 要早。2. between, 這里的betweenand 是固定搭配。3. late, 根據(jù)句中的狀語“on Sunday” 和“after a week's hard work”可知在周末由于人們都在家休息，所以起床會較完。4. way, 對大部分家庭來說，這種brunch只是一種新的放松有趣的進(jìn)餐方式。5. popular, 目前在西方，brunch 已經(jīng)成為一種時尚，越來越受到人們的歡迎。6. either, 這是一個等立

23、連詞，eitheror，意思是”或者或者”。7. look, 由于brunch介于breakfast 和lunch 之間，所以人們在做起brunch 來，既要像breakfast，又要像lunch。look like 的意思就是”看起來好像”。8. food, 根據(jù)下面所列舉的內(nèi)容可知答案。9. vegetables, 英語中，以字母v 開頭的food 就是vegetables 了。10.weekend, 根據(jù)文章的介紹，brunch 是在周末人們所享用的進(jìn)餐方式。鞏固練習(xí)Most people have f_1_ a kite or have seen one rise and dip in

24、 the strong spring wind. Not so many people know that kites were first made in China t_2_ of years ago. The a_3_ Chinese were making flying kites even before they were writing. A long time ago, the Chinese made kites to use in the wars. They would fly these war kites in the d_4_. The kites were fixe

25、d so that they made strong sounds. Men who were at war with them would hear these sounds and run away. They thought those strong sounds were m_5_ by god in the sky. The ancient Chinese also flew kites to b_6_ good luck and to make their crops grow rich and tall. Sometimes they tied long strings and

26、hooks to the kites. Then they fly the kites o_7_ water letting the hooks hang down to catch fish. The Chinese use sticks, strings and paper for their kites. Some of the kites look like animals or trees. O_8_ look like birds or houses.1.flown 2.thousands 3.ancient 4.dark 5.made 6.bring 7.over 8.Other

27、s首字母填空訓(xùn)練：(1)At different times in a man's life his food has different effects (影響) on his body. Among children f 1 is quickly changed to the power(力量) to run and play games. Most of a young man's food is spent on growing t 2 ; We grow upwards only d 3 the first twenty years of our l 4 , not

28、later. Working men get their strong bodies from their food; and if they work h 5 , they do not get fat. Office workers eat well and s 6 down a lot, and may begin to grow fat when s 7 quite young. Many older people t 8 to work much and walk often. P 9 the most difficult time is when a man r 10 sixty

29、years of age. His body and mind b 11 restful, without much work or interest. That is when food changes quickly to f 12 .（1）1.food 2. tall 3. during 4. lives 5. hard 6. sit 7. still 8. try 9. Perhaps 10. reaches 11. become 12. fat(2)Bats(蝙蝠) are the only flying "animals" in the world. It is

30、 k 1 to all that they cannot see very well. "As b 2 as a bat" is often heard. Yet, they have no t 3 flying on the darkest nights and f 4 their way round very well. Why can bats fly and see at night? They fly b 5 "radar(雷達(dá))". The bat's radar w 6 the same way as the radar on sh

31、ips and planes. As a bat flies t 7 the air, it makes a sound. If the sounds hit t 8 , they will come back and the bat's ears will r 9 the message. In this way, the bat is a 10 to know where the things are. Bats go out for f 11 at night. In the daytime, they hang in some d 12 places. 1.known 2. b

32、lind 3.trouble 4. finding 5.by 6.works 7. through 8.things 9. reaches 10. able 11. food 12. dark（3）Tennis is in its second life. Its first game b 1 in France. The name of the game comes from the French word "tennez". The English men c 2 the game "tennis" when they watched the Fre

33、nchmen play 800 years ago. The Englishmen liked the French game. Tennis courts were built in every park, in every city,just l 3 today. The two countries played a 4 each other. At first they played for honor. Then they w 5 money. Later people began cheating（欺騙）to get money. Three hundred years ago th

34、e game was forbidden（禁止）to stop the cheating. The game a 6 disappeared. Americans found the old courts when they went to Europe 100 years ago. They learned w 7 they could do about the game. They liked the game as the Englishmen had b 8 . After returning home, the Americans built tennis courts. Tenni

35、s began to become p 9 in all the United States. Now it is one of the most e 10 games in the world again.1. began 2. called 3. like 4. against 5. won 6. almost 7. what 8. before 9. popular 10. Exciting(4)There are four people in my family. Every day my parents are very busy t 1 to make money in order

36、 to pay the high tuition(學(xué)費(fèi)）for my brother and me. They h 2 say "I love you" or send f 3 to each other. Besides，my father has a bad temper(脾氣). It is easy for him to lose his temper w 4 he's very tired from the hard work. I didn't know whether there was love between them u 5 one sp

37、ring. At that time，my father suddenly got badly sick .My mother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month. When they returned from the hospital, they both looked very w 6 as if both of them had a serious illness.After they were back, my mother helped my father walk slowly on the country road

38、every day in the morning and dusk. H 7 after two months my father still couldn't walk by h 8 . All of us were worried about him."Dad，how are you f 9 now?" I asked him one day."Susan, don't worry about me." he said I 10 a low voice. "I just like walking with your mom.

39、 I like this kind of life." Reading his eyes, I know he loves my mother very much. Once I thought love m 11 flowers, presents and sweet kisses. But from this e 12 , I understand that love is inside, making life strong and warm. 1. trying 2. hardly 3. flowers 4. when 5. until 6. weak 7. However

40、8. himself 9. feeling 10. in 11. meant 12. Experience(5)A woman was eating in a restaurant. She asked the waiter to do many t 1 for her. Now she was g 2 the waiter a lot of trouble. F 3 , she asked the waiter to turn on the air conditioner because she f 4 too hot. Then she asked him to turn it o 5 b

41、ecause she was too cold. This went on and on for n 6 half an hour. But the waiter was very kind and h 7 . He did everything the woman asked h 8 to do without getting angry. F 9 , someone else in the restaurant asked why the w 10 didn't just throw the woman out. "Oh, I don't care."

42、The waiter said and smiling, "We don't even have an air conditioner."1. things 2. giving 3. first 4. felt 5. off 6. nearly 7. helpful 8.him 9. finally 10. waiter（6）While travelling in Russia, Ed Jackson ran short of money. So he wrote t 1 his brother, asking for 500. “Send the m 2 by telegram to the bank here,”he wrote. After a week Ed began v 3 the bank. He s 4 his passport to the bank