高考英語 巧解單選省略題方法

1、高考英語巧解單選省略題方法省略是指在不影響句子意思明了、清楚的前提下，將句子中的某些成分省略掉，從而使所表達的內(nèi)容更加緊湊和簡潔。近年來，許多高考試題為增加其靈活性和考查考生綜合運用語言的能力，經(jīng)常利用省略這一手段來編制試題，或考查考生對省略句的判斷和理解，或借省略為干擾考查其他相關(guān)知識點，并因此出現(xiàn)了不少同學(xué)們望而生畏的難題，本文擬就如何應(yīng)對這類試題作一分析，并介紹五種攻克省略難題的方法。一、整句還原法所謂整句還原法，即指通過分析題干所提供的情景或句子結(jié)構(gòu)，將命題者省略的部分補充完整，然后再根據(jù)完整的句子進行分析和答題。如：1. “What were you trying to prove

2、to the police?” “_ I was last night.”A. That B. When C. Where D. What分析：此題應(yīng)選 C，其余三項均有可能誤選。做對此題的關(guān)鍵是要明確答語部分為省略句，若將其補充完整，即為：I was trying to prove to the police where I was last night. 其中where 引導(dǎo)的是一個賓語從句。請再看以下類似試題：(1) “What made her so happy?” “_her son passed the college entrance examinations.”A. That

3、B. 不填 C. Since D. For 此題選A，若將其補充完整，即為：That her son passed the college entrance examinations made her so happy. (2) “What made you so upset?” “_ my wallet.”A. Lost B. Losing C. Having lost D. Being lost此題選B，若將其補充完整，即為：Losing my wallet made me so upset.(3) “What did she tell you?” “_ she would be late

4、”A. That B. When C. Where D. Whether此題選A，若將其補充完整，即為：She told me that she would be late. 2. I want to improve my English, but I dont know _. What can you suggest? A. when B. how C. why D. where分析：此題應(yīng)選 B，其余三項均有可能誤選，其實此句為省略句，若將此句補充完整，即為：but I dont know how to improve my English. 請看以下類似試題：(1) I think th

5、e door is locked, but Id better go and make sure it _.A. does B. has C. was D. is答案選D，為 and make sure it is locked 之省略。(2) Dr Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I cant remember _. A. where B. there C. which D. that 答案選C，為I cant remember which city he comes from 之省略。(3) He didnt sell half a

6、s many computers as he thought he _.A. had B. was C. would D. sold答案選C，為He didnt sell half as many computers as he thought he would sell 之省略。二、常識語境法常識語境法指的是，同學(xué)們在補充省略成分時要充分考慮句子本身的語境，有時還要結(jié)合一定的生活常識和學(xué)科常識，即補充完整的句子不僅要符合語法，而且要符合情理。如：1. “I like you more than her, my dear.” “You mean more than _love her or m

7、ore than she loves _?”A. you, me B. she, you C. I, me D. I, you 分析：做對此題的關(guān)鍵是要弄清填空句是個省略句，補充完整為 You mean that you love me more than you love her or that you love me more than she loves me? 句意為“你是說你愛我勝過你愛她，還是說你愛我勝過她愛我？”，所以答案應(yīng)選A。若選其他答案，從語法上也是對的，但不合情理。2. Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone i

8、n the class has _IQ. A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest分析：此題答案為B此句實為Boris has brains.In fact,I doubt whether anyone in the class has a higher IQ than him之省略。省略than him后不僅句意仍然清楚，而且顯得更為簡潔。句意為“我懷疑班上有沒有哪個人比他智商更高”，即“我認為他可能是班上智商最高的”。請再看以下類似的題目(分析理由同上，答案均選A)：(1) How beautifully she sings! I

9、 have never heard _ voice.A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best (2) “Ive never found _ job.” “Congratulations.”A. a better B. a bestC. the better D. the best (3) “What do you think of the service here?” “Oh, wonderful. We couldnt have found _ place.”A. a better B. a best C. the better D. t

10、he best (4) How cold it is! Weve never had _ day this winter.A. a colder B. a coldC. the coldest D. the colder三、一致驗證法所謂一致驗證法，即指在補充省略成分時，要注意考慮句子結(jié)構(gòu)的前后一致性，此法尤其適合于做因承前省略而擬編的試題。如：1. I think I can fix it tomorrow. If _, youll have to wait till Friday.A. not B. cant C. dont D. wont分析：答案應(yīng)選A。if not為if I cant

11、 fix it tomorrow 之省略。其中的if I cant fix it tomorrow與前面的 I can fix it tomorrow一致。注意，此題不能選B，因為句子已省略了主語。下面請再看一個類似的例子：If the weather is fine, well go. If _, _.A. not, not B. no, no C. not, no D. no, not此題應(yīng)選A。If not, not. 為 If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go. 全句意為“如果天氣好, 我們就去；如果天氣不好，我們就不去”。該句的特點是：后

12、句與前句的用詞和句式完全相同, 只是前句為肯定，后句為否定，為了簡潔起見, 于是將后句與前句相同部分省略，只保留否定詞 not。2. They are different in form but _ in meaning.A. not B. no C. arent D. dont分析：答案選A，but not in meaning為 but they are not different in meaning 之省略。又如：(1) In the accident the child was hurt, but the mother _. A. killing B. to kill C. kill

13、ed D. kill答案選C，but the mother killed 為 but the mother was killed 之省略。 (2) The apartments fine for two people, but _.A. no more B. no any C. not more D. not any答案選C，but not more 為 but it is not fine for more than two people 之省略。四、語法分析法英語中有些省略是由特定的語法現(xiàn)象造成的，同學(xué)們在做題時首先要確定句子的省略涉及什么語法結(jié)構(gòu)或語法現(xiàn)象等，然后再根據(jù)相應(yīng)的語法知識來分

14、析作答。如：1. “Who has eaten all the cake, Jim?” “Oh, _ must your two pet dogs.” A. itB. they C. thatD. which分析：許多同學(xué)可能認為此題應(yīng)選B，因為其后的your two pet dogs為復(fù)數(shù)。但實際上，此題的最佳答案就是A，不僅涉及強調(diào)句型這一考點，而且是其省略形式，此句若補充完整，即為：It must be your pet dogs that have eaten all the cake. 2. If you are planning to spend your money having

15、 fun this week, better _ ityouve got some big bills coming. A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget分析：此題最佳答案為A。考查had better后接動詞原形的用法。 但是考題中將you had better這一結(jié)構(gòu)省略成better，致使許多同學(xué)一時看不出來。又如：Better go with him. 最好同他一起去。Better have the operation right now. 你最好還是現(xiàn)在就動手術(shù)。3. “Would you like to come for a

16、 walk with me?” “Id prefer _, thank you.”A. not to B. to not C. not D. cant分析：答案選A，Id prefer not to 為 Id prefer not to come for a walk 之省略。注意，在該省略結(jié)構(gòu)中，用以代表不定式的 to 不宜省去。請看類例：(1) “Shall I give the dog a chocolate?” “Its better _.”A. not to B. to not C. dont D. cant答案選A，為Its better not to give the dog a

17、 chocolate 之省略。注意，不定式的否定式要將not 置于不定式符號to 之前，而不是之后。(2) I would mend your radio, but I dont know _. A. how B. to C. how to D. to how答案選C，為 but I dont know how to mend it 之省略。五、邏輯推斷法有的省略試題難度比較大，不僅涉及語法知識、生活常識等，而且還要求考生根據(jù)題干所提供的信息進行邏輯推理。如：1. Shes too thin. She _ gain some weight but she _ too little.A. wou

18、ld, ate B. will, eats C. would, eats D. will, ate分析：此題有些難度，許多同學(xué)不知如何分析。我們先根據(jù)題目所提供的選項將句意大致勾出來：她太瘦了。她會增加體重的，但她吃得太少了。根據(jù)句首 Shes too thin 這一所給信息可知，“她瘦”應(yīng)是客觀事實。按照一般的常識，“吃得少”就會引致“瘦”，“吃得多”就會導(dǎo)致“胖”，由于根據(jù)句首的信息，“她瘦”是客觀事實，所以她“吃得少”也應(yīng)是事實，所以第二空應(yīng)填 eats(即用一般現(xiàn)在時表示客觀事實)。根據(jù)上面的分析：“她瘦”和“她吃得少”均為客觀事實，那么“她體重會增加”就應(yīng)是假設(shè)(注意句中的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞

19、but)，所以第一空應(yīng)填 would。其實，此句可理解為but前省略了一個條件狀語 if she ate more (如果她多吃一點的話)。所以，此題最佳答案選C。2. “Everyone says you are a good student. You never sleep in class, do you?” “_.”A. Yes, never B. Yes, sometimes C. No, sometimes D. Oh, really分析：答案選B，答句是對針對 You never sleep in class, do you? 這一問句來回答的，Yes, sometimes 為

20、Yes, I do. Sometimes I sleep in class 之省略，其意為“不，上課有時睡覺”。若選其余幾項，均會導(dǎo)致邏輯不通。請看類例： “Youve never been to the village, have you?” “_. It is the most beautiful village Ive ever seen.”A. No, never B. No, I have C. No, only once D. Yes, only once 分析：答案選D，Yes, only once 為 Yes, I have. But Ive been there only o

21、nce. 之省略，句意為“不，我去過，但只去過一次”。注意句末的 It is the most beautiful village Ive ever seen 表明“我”去過那兒，所以不能選A。那么方法之后，再看幾道題：.I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? A. whereB. whatC. howD. which【分析】此題答案選D，主要與上文的some book or other (某一本書)這一語境有關(guān)，全句句意為：“我在某一本書上讀到過它，是哪一本書這很重要嗎？”請看類例： (1) “Who t

22、old you?” “Oh, somebody or other, Ive forgotten _.” A. whatB. whenC. whichD. who答案選D。句意為：“誰告訴你的？”“噢，有個人，我忘記是哪一個了?！?2) Some of the students were late for the meeting, but I cant remember _.A. whatB. whenC. whichD. whom最佳答案為C。句意為“有些學(xué)生開會遲到了，但我不記得是哪些學(xué)生了”。.“What were you trying to prove to the police?” “

23、_I was last night.”A. ThatB. WhenC. WhereD. What此題應(yīng)選 C，其余三項均有可能誤選，答句為省略句，其完整形式為 I was trying to prove to the police where I was last night. (where 引導(dǎo)的是一個賓語從句)。以下類似試題：(1) “What made her so happy?” “ _ her son passed the college entrance examinations.”A. ThatB. 不填C. SinceD. For 【分析】此題選A， 為That her son

24、 passed the college entrance examinations made her so happy. 之省略。(2) “What made you so upset?” “_ my wallet.”A. LostB. LosingC. Having lostD. Being lost【分析】此題選B，為 Losing my wallet made me so upset. 之省略。(3) “What did she tell you?” “_ she would be late”A. ThatB. WhenC. WhereD. Whether【分析】此題選A，為 She t

25、old me that would be late. 之省略。(4) “What did he ask you?” “_ I would be late.”A. ThatB. WhenC. WhereD. Whether【分析】此題選D，為 He asked me whether I would be late. 之省略。綜合練：1“What were you trying to prove to the police?” “_I was last night.”A. ThatB. WhenC. WhereD. What【分析】此題應(yīng)選 C，其余三項均有可能誤選，答句為省略句，其完整形式為 I

26、 was trying to prove to the police where I was last night. (where 引導(dǎo)的是一個賓語從句)。請看以下類似試題：(1) “What made her so happy?” “_ her son passed the college entrance examinations.”A. ThatB. 不填C. SinceD. For 【分析】此題選A，為That her son passed the college entrance examinations made her so happy. 之省略。(2) “What made y

27、ou so upset?” “_ my wallet.”A. LostB. LosingC. Having lostD. Being lost【分析】此題選B，為 Losing my wallet made me so upset. 之省略。(3) “What did she tell you?” “_ she would be late”A. ThatB. WhenC. WhereD. Whether【分析】此題選A，為 She told me that would be late. 之省略。(4) “What did he ask you?” “_ I would be late.”A.

28、ThatB. WhenC. WhereD. Whether【分析】此題選D，為 He asked me whether I would be late. 之省略。2If the weather is fine, well go. If _, _.A. not, notB. no, noC. not, noD. no, not【分析】此題應(yīng)選A。If not, not. 為 If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go. 全句意為“如果天氣好, 我們就去；如果天氣不好，我們就不去”。該句的特點是：后句與前句的用詞和句式完全相同, 只是前句為肯定，后句為否定

29、，為了簡潔起見, 于是將后句與前句相同部分省略，只保留否定詞 not。又如：If it is cheap, Ill buy it. If not, not. 如果這東西便宜，我就買；如果不便宜，我就不買。If you study hard, youll succeed. If not, not. 你若努力，你就會成功；你若不努力，你就不會成功。If you start at once, youll catch the train. If not, not. 你若馬上動身，你就會趕上火車；你若不馬上動身，你就趕不上火車了。請再看以下例子(只保留否定詞not)。如：“Can you repair

30、it yourself?” “I am afraid not.” “你自己會修嗎?”“恐怕不行。”(=I am afraid I cant repair it myself.)“Did you know anything about it?” “Not until you told me.” “這事你以前知道嗎?”“你告訴我才知道?！?=I didnt know anything about it until you told me.)“Will it rain today?” “I hope not.” “今天會下雨嗎?”“希望不會?！?=I hope it will not rain to

31、day.)3“Shes not a dancing teacher, is she?” “_.”A. Yes, and she isnt B. Yes, but she wasC. No, but she isnt D. No, but she was【分析】此題最佳答案為D，可視為 No, she isnt. But she was a dancing teacher. 之省略，即其意為“她現(xiàn)在不是舞蹈教師，但她過去是”。此題也可以是 No, but she used to be. 4“Alice, why didnt you come yesterday?” “I _, but I had

32、 an unexpected visitor.”A. hadB. wouldC. was going toD. did【分析】此題應(yīng)選C，為 I was going to come 之省略，意為“我本來是打算來的”，這與其后 but I had an unexpected visitor 的語境剛好吻合。注意不能選 would，因為它沒有“打算”之意。5.In some western countries, the rich are becoming richer, and _.A. the poor the poor B. poor poorC. the poor poorer D. poo

33、rer the poor【分析】此題應(yīng)選C。句子后半部分為and the poor are becoming poorer 之省略。句意為“在有些西方國家，富人變得更富，而窮人則變得更窮”。句中的 the rich 指“富人”，the poor 指“窮人”。按英語習(xí)慣，若前后兩句謂語動詞相同，則后句通?？沙星笆÷浴Ｓ秩纾篐e is a teacher and his wife a nurse. 他是老師，他妻子是護士。(.his wife a nurse=.his wife is a nurse)John won the first race and Mick the second. 約翰贏了第一場比賽,米克贏了第二場比賽。(. and Mick the second = .