免費(fèi)英文版 淺談傳統(tǒng)文化的失落

1、淺談傳統(tǒng)文化的失落中文摘要：現(xiàn)代生活中無出不見傳統(tǒng)文化的影子。作為文化傳承的要素之一，它有著雙重的影響：一種是積極的，另外一種是消極的。對(duì)其積極影響的研究是非常重要的，特別是從現(xiàn)代生活的視覺去研究它顯得更加重要。本文的研究是建立在實(shí)證考察和理論性思辯的基礎(chǔ)之上的。學(xué)者通常把中國傳統(tǒng)文化研究稱作國學(xué)研究，國學(xué)一詞曾是章太炎在日本倡導(dǎo)革命時(shí)提出的。而今，學(xué)者試圖介紹一些新的研究中國傳統(tǒng)文化的方法，它們主要強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)證性研究。同時(shí)他們也通常將中國傳統(tǒng)文化和世界上的其它文化放在一起做對(duì)比分析，以便發(fā)現(xiàn)中國傳統(tǒng)文化的優(yōu)劣特征并找到傳統(tǒng)文化的未來走向。這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的多數(shù)研究者都注重發(fā)掘傳統(tǒng)文化的精華。相反，這篇文

2、章著重討論傳統(tǒng)文化的失落。包括對(duì)中國傳統(tǒng)文化的現(xiàn)狀，出現(xiàn)這種的原因以及傳統(tǒng)文化自身具備的對(duì)現(xiàn)代生活的積極意義等內(nèi)容的討論。顯然，它的目的在于通過對(duì)以上話題的討論來喚起人們對(duì)中國傳統(tǒng)文化的反思并共同探索其未來的發(fā)展道路。因此，這篇文章提供的是一種分析中國傳統(tǒng)文化失落的原因及其意義的文化哲學(xué)視覺觀點(diǎn)。關(guān)鍵詞：失落；中國傳統(tǒng)文化；意義On the Lost of Traditional Chinese Culture AbstractChinese traditional culture exists in every fields of our modern life. As a heredita

3、ry factor of culture, it has dual effect: active or passive. Doing research on its active effect is of great importance. From the point of view of modern life, the study on traditional culture becomes more significant. The research is based on both real inspecting and theoretical thinking.Scholars u

4、sually call the research of Traditional Chinese Culture Guoxue which was created by Zhang Taiyan when he was in Japan. Nowadays, scholars attempt to introduce some new methods of research which mostly emphasize on authentic proof research. They also compare Traditional Chinese Culture to other kinds

5、 of culture all over the world so as to find out the essence and defects of Traditional Chinese Culture and the direction of its development in future.Most researchers in this field concentrate their attention on the excavation of the content of Traditional Chinese Culture. In contrast, this paper e

6、mphasizes on the lost of Traditional Chinese Culture. It includes the contemporary situation of Traditional Chinese Culture and the reason of this phenomenon. Obviously, its purpose is to arouse people to introspect the Traditional Chinese Culture and then find a suitable direction of the developmen

7、t of it. It provides viewpoint from cultural philosophy by the means of analyzing the reason of lost of Chinese traditional culture and the reasonable value of it.Key words: Lost; traditional Chinese culture; valueAcknowledgements First of all, Id like to thank my supervisor, Wu Jiamei. Her consiste

8、nt guidance and warm encouragement help me to finfish my paper on time. With patience and prudence, she labored through drafts of thesis and pointed out defects in my theorizing. Through the process of writing the paper, she taught me a lot of knowledge which I think will help me a lot in my future

9、career. She did not only point out my mistakes in the paper, she also taught me how to be patient, how to think things wholly and even how to write long papers. Of course, all the teachers in the department of English language and culture, whose interesting and informative courses have benefited me

10、a lot during my college years. The profit that I gained from their profound knowledge, remarkable expertise and intellectual ingenuity will be of everlasting significance to my future life and career. I am also very granted to my classmates, who have given me a lot of help and support during my stay

11、 in the university and through the process of writing this thesis. Last but not the least; I appreciate my families who have shared my worries and frustrations on the process writing of the paper. Contents中文摘要.iAbstract.iiAcknowledgements.iiiI. Introduction.1II. The situation of traditional Chinese

12、culture.2III. Reasons of the Lost of Traditional culture4A. Historical reasons. .4 1. Westernization Movement in the end of Qing Dynasty.42. New culture Movement.6B. Contemporary reasons8 1. Transformation of peoples Emphasis.8 2. The reasons of Media.9IV. Value of traditional Chinese Culture to Mod

13、ern Life.12A. Medical value12B. Education value. 13C. Value to ethical Construction in Modern times.15 D. Economical Value.17V. Conclusion.20Notes.21Bibliography.22On the Lost of Traditional Chinese Culture. Introduction The Chinese nation, with its industriousness and wisdom, has created a long and

14、 over-lasting history and a rich and colorful culture. Traditional Chinese Culture includes material and moral products of ancient Chinese people. The moral products involve Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism, Buddhism and social system. Material ones include historic and cultural relics, ancient archit

15、ectures etc. Since 1980s, as the rapid economic development of East Asia, especially in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore, western world concerned more with the East Asia. Therefore, they indulge into the research of the traditional East Asian culture, which is based on the Traditional Chines

16、e Culture. Thus research of Traditional Chinese Culture in those countries is very popular especially in Japan and America. Some famous scholars emerged in these areas such as Chen Rongjie，Du Weiming，Chen Zhongying，Yu Yingshi，Liu Shuxian ，John King FairbankJososeph . p. Levenson，Wm. Theodore de Bary

17、. This paper will explore the reasons why people in China do not attach enough importance to Traditional Chinese Culture and analyze the value of it to modern life in order to let people realize the importance of Traditional Chinese Culture. It includes five parts, with the first and fifth part as i

18、ntroduction and conclusion, and the second, third and fourth part as the main body. The first part is a survey on the definition of Traditional Chinese Culture, research background of it and the purpose, organization and structure of this paper.The body of this paper will be divided in to three chap

19、ters. In chapter one, it will analyze the contemporary situation of Traditional Chinese Culture in the world. In chapter two, it will explore its reasons of lost, which include historic ones and contemporary ones. Chapter three will focus on the practical values of Traditional Chinese Culture to mod

20、ern life. The Situation of Traditional Chinese CultureNowadays, Traditional Chinese Culture is in an embarrassing situation in which most people in China does not emphasize it. There are several kinds of attitudes toward it. Firstly, some people consider it as the obstacle of the development of Chin

21、ese society because of its defects. Admittedly, Traditional Chinese Culture has some passive aspects as any other cultures in the world such as superstition, palace eunuch, and small scale peasant economic sense and so on. However, every kind of culture is born to have defects, as there are no perfe

22、ct people in the world. By the way it is definitely the difference between the culture and civilization. Civilization is the active and progressive aspects of the culture. These people neglect the advantages of the Traditional Chinese Culture when they intend to avoid the defects of it. They refuse

23、everything that is related to it such as the traditional Chinese festival, traditional Chinese classic books, and folk music of China. Even worse, they teach theirs kids to follow them. Young people is an invulnerable group which is easy to imitate other people and absorb knowledge from them. Obviou

24、sly, these people attempt to terminate Traditional Chinese Culture by blindly casting it off. Secondly, other people think Chinese culture is not as good as western one. Therefore, they give priority to absorb western culture instead of Traditional Chinese Culture by intimating the behaviors and cus

25、tom of them. They inspect culture one-sided. For a number of reasons, western countries are averagely more developed than China today. However, culture is not the only element that caused the gap because there are so many historic and contemporary reasons that are also influential on it. Besides, th

26、e development of economy cannot prove that western culture is the best one in the world. Every nation has its geographic, climatic and historical condition that produces its fatuous culture. Therefore every kind of culture must suit the corresponding nation. Absorbing other culture is a way to enric

27、h the local culture but not to substitute it. Thirdly, some people neither know the essence of Traditional Chinese Culture nor foreign ones, but they are deeply affected by western culture. As globalization of economy and culture, foreign media together with its ideology infiltrating into China, tho

28、se people who have no subjective sensation of culture is beset by them. Fourthly, although most people do not attach importance to Traditional Chinese Culture, there are still a few who realize the essence of it. They hold that the only fundamental way out for it is to retain essence of it and devel

29、op a new formation of Chinese culture. They hold some activities and make use of mass media to call on people paying attention to Traditional Chinese Culture. Last year, a student from Southern University of Political Science and Law show her Han garment which was made by her to attract others atten

30、tion. In the summer, 2007, the New Lady set a column for discussing about the renaissance of Traditional Chinese Culture. Those people make great contribution to it but they cannot put Traditional Chinese Culture into the mainstream in a short time that shows the embarrassing situation of Chinese cu

31、lture cannot be changed by minority of people. Therefore, the renaissance of it will have a long way to go. Reasons of the Lost of Traditional Chinese CultureAristotle, an ancient Greek philosopher, said “Nothing comes of nothing.”. It tells us everything has its root and reason. The best way to mak

32、e clear about the event is to find out the background of it. This theory is suitable for the research of culture too. Culture is inherited from the predecessor so that the historical reasons have great influence on it. In addition, culture has different features in different times so contemporary re

33、ason is also very important for research of it.A. Historical Reasons of the Lost of Traditional Chinese Culture 1. Westernization Movement in the End of Qing Dynasty The First Opium War (1840-1842) broke out at a crucial time when China was at a transitional point of development. The isolated China

34、was invaded by western culture, so China entered a period of hardships and sufferings. The government of Qing Dynasty could not defend itself and was repeatedly defeated by aggressors. Therefore China had to sign a series of humiliating treaties. At this time, a few of progressive and sober minded s

35、cholars began to examine the Traditional Chinese Culture. They were awaked from their dreams of blind self-complacence and pride. They realize that China was not as good as its western counterpartswestern countries had better and more gunboats and better-trained forces, which was the cause of victor

36、ies in the war of aggression against China. The famous scholar WeiYuan proposed in his book Illustrated Record of Maritime Nations(海國圖志)which was written on the basis of Lin ZeXus SiZhouZhi that China should defeat the enemy by learning his strengths He clearly pointed out the strengths are gunboats

37、, cannons, way of force training. Weis proposal is the core of the self-strengthening movement at that time. The administrant and government attempted to follows this advice by first purchasing warships and armaments from abroad and copying them. However, many of these thing imported from abroad at

38、that time were worn-out products and proved useless. The quality of domestically produced warships was also very low. Accidents involving cannon explosions occurred frequently. These failures emphasized the need for education in science and technology. Scholars deeply introspect it and became more e

39、ager for the western science and technology. Against this backdrop, China began to import natural science and technology instead of weapons and ships. Many foreign books on science and technology were translated into Chinese. In 20 years, a total of 165 titles of books on science were translated. A

40、number of successful Chinese scientists also emerged in this period. LiShanlan, HuaHengfang and XuShou made great contribution to the popularity and study of natural science. They adopted experimental scientific method using logic, inference and deduction in their studies. Another form of introducti

41、on of western science and technology was establishing modern industrial enterprises and schools in the country to spread modern science and knowledge over a wider area. Academy of natural sciences was founded in Shanghai to inspire more Chinese people to learn and appreciate natural science. The fam

42、ous scientists mentioned in this paper gave lectures, exhibited various kinds of scientific apparatus, conducted scientific experiments in the classroom and studied the history of natural sciences. By the end of the 19th century, western philosophy and social sciences were also exerting a strong app

43、eal to Chinese.Western pragmatism and new realism, Henri Beigsons life philosophy and Friedrich Nietzsches superman philosophy and idealism and dialects of G.W. Hegel all had an extensive impact on the academic community in China. In social sciences, a number of works were published to introduce wes

44、tern humanity science. YanFu translated many books on humanity science, including Adam Smiths The Wealth of Nations, Charles Louis de seconda Montesquieus the spirit of the Laws, J.s.Mills On Liberty and H.Spencers The Principle of Sociology. In the Xinmin Miscellany, LiangQichao also introduced bio

45、graphical and academic materials on Benedict de Spinoza, F.Bacon, I. Kant, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Montesquieu and C.Darwin.1 In the Sino-Japan war of 1894-1895, the Qing government was defeated by Japan. These who worried about the destiny of China determined to peruse reform to improve the cardinal

46、 principle. Many of them intensified the studies of western learning and critical examination of Traditional Chinese Culture. In the Reform Movement of 1898, led by KangYouwei and supported by emperor GuangXu, they attempted to carry out new political system learning from west.During this period, Ch

47、inese are eager to learn from west, buying gunboats and weapons, introducing western science and technology, then learning western philosophy and social science and attempting to carry out new kind of political system. The introduction of western culture is blind at any rate. Although Chinese people

48、 in that time found the blindness in the process, still the eagerness for rejuvenating Chinese Nation defeated the gingerliness. Most of the people around the country accepted western culture as the hope of China. In the same time, the Traditional Chinese Culture was considered as the reason of the

49、backwardness of China. It naturally started to be in an embarrassing situation. In the follow decades, the Traditional Chinese Culture was labeled as obstacle to Chinese development.2. New Culture Movement In the end of Qing Dynasty people have realized the importance of new political system by intr

50、oducing social science. But during the New Culture Movement, they think it is not enough so they are eager to introduce a new kind of ideology originated in west. With the growth of patriotic movement for national salvation and rejuvenation, a modern new cultural movementNew Culture Movement which h

51、as most profound effect on lost of Traditional Chinese Culture today. Intelligentsias realize the only thing to save and rejuvenate China was new culture but not new political system. If the movements before that time is material and institutional ones, movements during this period is psychological

52、ones. It is the inevitable result of the all-sided evolvement of Chinese westernization in the end of Qing Dynasty. Heavy national crisis caused changes in the thinking angle of misery-conscious intellectuals and their thinking on the subject of society, which is thinking on peoples quality.2 Beside

53、s, the input of western culture and the conflict between Chinese culture and western one provided a new reference system for intellectuals rethinking on Traditional Chinese Culture. Finally, advanced Chinese intellectuals were deeply influenced by the thought of Japanese and European enlightenment t

54、hinkers. The XinHai Revolution put an end to the Manchu rule and established the Republic of China. As the years went on, it soon became clear that nothing had been changed except the name of state. A new generation of intellectuals began the most fundamental change-the change of thinking. In the ne

55、w culture movement, starting with the publication of New Youth, these new intellectuals used ideological weapons such as “ the theory of the inalienable rights of man” to criticize Chinese tradition, especially monarchical power and feudal ethical code, superstition, old writing style and tried thei

56、r best to advocate science, democracy, freedom, equality, new literature and writing in vernacular. Progressive scholars such as Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Hu Shi held high the two banners of democracy and science which were different from advocates of the cardinal principle of “Chinese learning as the

57、base and western learning fir application”( 中學(xué)為體，西學(xué)為用).3 They introduced a wide range if ideas, philosophies, theories, concepts which are related to western culture and attempted to substitute it for Traditional Chinese Culture. At some rate, they reached a new high point of achievement in comparative study of Chinese and western cultures surpassing their predecessors. New Culture Movement, against the special historical background is a radical and ir