特殊句式：倒裝

1、Grammar & usage InversionShe is a nice girl. She is a nice girl. 英語句子的語序英語句子的語序英語句子的英語句子的自然語序自然語序：英語句子的英語句子的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu):主語在前，謂語動詞在后主語在前，謂語動詞在后謂語動詞放在主語之前謂語動詞放在主語之前自然語序自然語序Is she a nice girl? Is she a nice girl? 倒裝語序倒裝語序完全倒裝完全倒裝部分倒裝部分倒裝一、一、 完完 全全 倒倒 裝裝 （謂語全部放在主語之前）（謂語全部放在主語之前）此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時此結(jié)構(gòu)通常

2、只用與一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時1.there be句型句型, 其中其中be動詞有時可動詞有時可exist, live, stand, lie, seem, appear,remain, happen 等詞代替等詞代替(全部倒裝）全部倒裝）1) There is an experienced teacher and many lovely students in the classroom. 2.方位詞方位詞in, out, there, here, inside, outside, up, down, away, off, downstairs, upstairs等以及等以及now, then放

3、在放在句首時，句首時，謂語動詞常用謂語動詞常用be, come, go, lie, runbe, come, go, lie, run等，等，并且句子的主語是名詞。并且句子的主語是名詞。（全部倒裝）（全部倒裝）注意：注意：主語是人稱代詞時，仍用自然語序。主語是人稱代詞時，仍用自然語序。 Away they went. (=They went away.)2) There lay a winding brook in front of an old house. 2) Now comes your turn to sweep the floor. 1) Away flew the bird wh

4、ich I bought yesterday. 3. 表示地點的介詞短語表示地點的介詞短語 (如如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等等)放在句首時放在句首時且且主語名詞時主語名詞時,要全部倒要全部倒裝。裝。 On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.In front of the classroom is a playground.Practice:Practice: Near the church _ cottage.A. was

5、 such an oldB. had a so oldC. was such old a D. is so an old 4表語位于句首時，其倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語連系動詞主語”。如： Present at the meeting were some scientists from China. 許多來自中國的科學(xué)家出席了會議。 Gone are the days when we were poor. 我們貧窮的日子一去不復(fù)返了。二、二、 部部 分分 倒倒 裝裝 把助動詞，連系動詞或情態(tài)動詞把助動詞，連系動詞或情態(tài)動詞 放在主語之前放在主語之前1.1.用于疑問句。用于疑問句。（部分倒裝）（部分倒裝）

6、Shall everything be ready before you arrive?What can I do for you? 注意：疑問詞做主語或修飾主語時，主謂不顛倒注意：疑問詞做主語或修飾主語時，主謂不顛倒.Who can work it out?How many students have read this book? 2.2.用于省略用于省略ifif的虛擬條件從句中，的虛擬條件從句中，should / were / had 被放在句首。被放在句首。（部分倒裝）（部分倒裝）1)Had I not adopted my class teachers advice, I would

7、 have made such a serious mistake.2)Were she you, she would tell her parents the truth.3) Should I earn money, I should live better. Tom can speak French. So can Jack. If you wont go, neither will I. - Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? - I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care

8、 C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also注意：若只是表示對前面所述內(nèi)容的肯定，確認(rèn)，注意：若只是表示對前面所述內(nèi)容的肯定，確認(rèn)， 主謂不倒裝主謂不倒裝 Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. “Its raining hard.”“So it is.”）如果后一個句子只是單純的重復(fù)前面）如果后一個句子只是單純的重復(fù)前面句子的意思，則不倒裝句子的意思，則不倒裝.（確實是）確實是） -It is hot today. -So it is. -He finished it on time. -S

9、o he did.注意：注意：）如按照別人的意思做了什么事，）如按照別人的意思做了什么事，soso也不也不用倒裝用倒裝( (某人照辦了某人照辦了）The teacher asked me to read louder , and I did so.3)當(dāng)前面的句子中當(dāng)前面的句子中主語、謂語或肯否定形主語、謂語或肯否定形式不同時式不同時，則用，則用so it is with.句型來表句型來表示。示。Tom likes singing, but he doesnt like dancing. So it is with Mary.Tom is clever and he studies hard.

10、 So it is with Mary.4. 含有否定意義的副詞或連詞置于句首，如含有否定意義的副詞或連詞置于句首，如hardly, rarely, seldom, scarcely, barely, never, not, few, little, neither, nor, not only, hardlywhen, in no case, by no means, no soonerthan, many a time, often 等。等。 （部分倒裝）（部分倒裝）1)Not until the 19th century was the written examination proba

11、bly known.2)Not a single mistake did he made.3)Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.Hardly anyone believe that today.Not only you but also she has been to Beijing.Neither the girls nor John is to blame.1. Not only is she a good singer, but also she is a good dancer.2. Neither did h

12、e watch TV nor did he go to the cinema.3. Not until it is dark will we come home.注意注意1：修飾或連接主語時，主謂不倒裝：修飾或連接主語時，主謂不倒裝 I have never seen such a performance.I have never seen such a performance. 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝，例如如否定詞不在句首不倒裝，例如：幾種值得注意的句型:1.not only but also: 當(dāng)當(dāng)not only 位于句首時位于句首時, 前半句用部分倒裝前半句用部分倒裝, 后半句用正常語

13、序。后半句用正常語序。 Eg: Smoking not only does harm to our health, but also has a bad effect on our minds.- Not only does smoking do harm to our health, but also it has a bad effect on our minds.幾種值得注意的句型:2. hardlywhen / no sooner than: 一就 Eg: He had hardly got home when it began to rain. = He had no sooner

14、got home than it began 當(dāng)當(dāng)hardly/no sooner位于句首時位于句首時, 前半句前半句用部分倒裝用部分倒裝, 后半句用正常語序。后半句用正常語序。 Hardly had he got home when it . = No sooner had he got home than it幾種值得注意的句型:3. not until 直到才Eg: The boy didnt go to bed until his father came home.Not until his father came home did the boy. not until所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語

15、從句不倒裝，所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句不倒裝，主句倒裝。主句倒裝。 = It is not until his father came home that the boy went to bed.5.only + 狀語（副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句）放在狀語（副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句）放在句首時。句首時。 （部分倒裝）（部分倒裝）1)Only then did I realize the value of reading aloud every morning.2)Only by means of talking can we avoid misunderstanding each other.3)On

16、ly when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.注意注意: only修飾狀語從句時修飾狀語從句時,主句中倒裝主句中倒裝,從從句中不倒裝句中不倒裝; only修飾的不是狀語時修飾的不是狀語時,則不用倒裝則不用倒裝語序。語序。 Only the teachers can come in. only +Prep. phrase時時間間副副詞詞When-clause+助助動動詞詞+主主語語+謂謂語語6.“so /such +表語表語/ /狀語狀語 + that從句從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中的結(jié)構(gòu)中的 so 或或such

17、引導(dǎo)的表語引導(dǎo)的表語/狀語放在句首時。狀語放在句首時。（部分倒裝）（部分倒裝）1）So frightened was she in the darkness that she didnt dare to move at all.2）Such a lovely child is he that all of us love him.3）So hurriedly did she leave that she forgot to switch off the lights.7.7.用于形容詞（名詞用于形容詞（名詞/ /動詞）動詞）+ + as/though 的讓步狀語從句中。的讓步狀語從句中。 （特

18、殊倒裝）（特殊倒裝）1)Proud as they are, they are afraid to see us.2)Child as he is, he knows a lot. ( A small child as he is, he knows a lot.)3) Try hard as they would, they could not lift the box.4) Youngest as he is in our class, his pronunciation is the best.8. 用于表示祝愿和祝福之類的句子中。用于表示祝愿和祝福之類的句子中。 （部分倒裝或全部倒裝）

19、（部分倒裝或全部倒裝） 1）May you succeed / be happy!2) Long live the Peoples Republic of China!Exercises:1.Not until all the fish died in the river_ how serious the pollution was. A.did the villagers realize B.the villagers realize C.the villagers did realize D.didnt the villagers realize2.I finally got the jo

20、b I dreamed about. Never in all my life_ so happy. A.did I feel B.I felt C.I had felt D.had I felt 3. Why cant I smoke here? At no time _ in the meeting-room. A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit 4.No sooner _ than it began to rain heavily

21、. A. the game began B. has the game begun C. did the game beginD. had the game begun 5. Do you know Tom bought a new car? I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also6._ can you expect to get a pay rise. A.With hard work B.Although work hard C.Only w

22、ith hard work D.Now that he works hard7.Now_ Sallys turn to keep guard. A.there is B.is going C.has come D.comes8.Not only_ polluted but_ crowded. A.was the city; were the streets B.the city was; were the streets C.was the city; the streets were D.the city was; the streets were9.So_ that no fish can

23、 live in it. A.the lake is shallow B.shallow the lake is C.shallow is the lake D.is the lake shallow10.Little_ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself. A.does he care B.did he care C.he cares D.he cared11.Only by bringing in new management, I guess,_ our hotel from bad to worse. A. we can prevent B. we have prevented C. can we prevent D. have we prevented12._ that tears came to her eyes. A. She is so deeply moved B. She was so moved deeply C. So deeply was she moved D. So deeply she was m