論文中英文附錄-淺析綠色壁壘對我國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口的影響(中英文)

1、畢 業(yè) 論 文 英文參考資料 姓 名 學(xué) 號 年 級 專 業(yè) 系 （院） 指導(dǎo)教師 20xx年x月x日 原文部分（英文）（3500個(gè)單詞左右） Analysis of the impact of green barriers on China's exports of agricultural products (From: Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 2005, (2) In recent years, the environment-protection in international trade inclines

2、to be stronger and stronger, the new developing non-tariff trade barriers such as the green (organic) trade barrier have become certain rationality, disguise and technology under the title of environmental protection, and become the effective weapon of trade protectionism more and more. It has alrea

3、dy formed the difficult door hank for us through the swift and violent development in a few years, assaulting the export of our agricultural products seriously. Whether we could cross this green protective screen become the key problem for the continuous and constant development of our agricultural

4、products export under the new situation of China's accession to the WTO. 1.Implications, Characteristics and Formulation of Green Barrier1.1Implication of the green barrier The meaning of trade barrier includes tariff barrier and non-tariff trade barriers, and the technological barrier is the ma

5、in form of non-tariff trade barriers. With the constant development of TBT(Technical barriers to trade)，the green barrier has already become the important component of TBT.Green barrier is a kind of neutral barrier. Normal green barrier means to take rational measure of trade actually to protect env

6、ironment legally. And the rational green barrier means that the importer implement import restrictions on ecological environment protection, natural environment, the health animals and plants. Up to now, it has already permeated through planning from the initial raw materials of products to each lin

7、k, such as production procedure, packing and selling, consumers usage and scrap and dealing, etc. Progressively. It stipulates according to relevant environmental protection standards, requires the import goods should not only be in accordance with the quality level, and should also be in accordance

8、 with the environmental protection request from designing, making, packing to consuming link of handing etc., and can't cause danger to ecological environment and human health. Such new trade protective measure can stop abroad products effectively, especially environmental consciousness bad, bac

9、kward in technique entry of product of developing country. 1.2 The formulation of the green barrier With the rapid economic growing of various countries, the global environmental question is aggravated day by day after the World War II. In face of the ecological environment that is destroyed and pol

10、luted miserably, the green peace organization has sent out the sharp accusation: the mankind has made the paradise of a piece of rubbish, world people increasing at double and spreading like the pestilence have caused the extinction of 500 animals and plants, it is robbing the fuel on the earth. Whe

11、n the holding capacity of the ecological environment reaches limit, it will begin to carry the terrible vindictiveness to the mankind. In face of the severe vindictiveness of natural environment, day-by-day the international community has lifted the powerful environmental tide. People also gradually

12、 realize that it is mankind's common responsibility to protect the environment, and we must adopt the common action. The formulation of the green barrier of trade protectionism and needs are not out of ecological environment protection and human health there is one side reason is that trade of i

13、ts rationality. But its profound reason is that trade protectionism resumes, and several negotiations between GATT and WTO have already kept the tariff very low, carious countries are unable to achieve the goal of exercising restraint in importing to cause through the tariff. "Protecting the na

14、tional economic benefits" is basic hopes when various countries carry on international trade, so adopting restriction when foreign products enter national market, and guaranteeing national products that occupied domestic market become natural acts 1.3 Characteristics of the green trade barrio T

15、here are era backgrounds in appearances of the green trade barrier of rationality of the surface content. "Limit increased" which Club of Rome published in 1972. The report and the first world environments summit meeting holding at Stockholm of Sweden in the same year have promoted the dev

16、elopment of environmental protection sport of the world. Mankind begin to think the relations of the environment, economic growth and social welfare, to intro-sped the prevailing consumption mode, followed the world environmental doctrine sport, and to think the production, trade and environmental p

17、rotection factor while consuming be paid more and more concerns. On the other hand, the deterioration of environment is constant day by day, and arouses highly concerns of the people all around the world, especially on the environmental protection of developed country. People care more and more abou

18、t life quality, pay close attention to the ecological environment, and pursue non-harmful consumption. Although the green trade barrier seems has catered to the publics needs, and is in accordance with sustainable development goals of various countries, the trade protectionism restrains the foreign

19、products from importing in fact. The legitimacy of the external form lies in a series of countries as a kind of brand-new main difference between green trade barrier and other non-tariff trade barriers. Border legislates in order to legislate to stipulate and implement publicly accusing to using pub

20、licly at home. Have all made the corresponding regulation to the green trade barrier in PTO, relevant trade agreement and international environmental convention. At present, more than 150 multilateral international protocols have already been signed in the world. The extension of the scope of applic

21、ation with various countries actively pursues the sustainable development strategy. The range of the green trade barrier is more and eating, wearing, using, living, transporting to playing, and from means of livelihood to means of production, all products trade related to ecological environment, nat

22、ural health belong to it and protect resources and human health belong to it and protect the content. In the last few years, some fields, such as service trade, technological trade have expanded beyond the trade of the products. 2 Forms of the Green Barrier 2.1 Green technical standard It is usually

23、 some countries to pass the legislative means in the name of environmental protection to make a series of mandatory strict environmental protection technical standards, in order to forbid or exercise restraint in importing. These standards are all made according to one' s own production and engi

24、neering level by developed countries, so it is very difficult for developing country to reach these standards. 2.2 Green packing system It means that the packaging of the products is harmless to ecological environment and health, can economize resources, and is easy to resolve naturally. Because of

25、the development of the international economy, the packing article is increasing constantly, caused a large number of rubbish and esource waste. Various countries governments adopt countermeasures to use the green pack to promote, the main measures include stipulating legislative form that forbids us

26、ing a certain material and encourage using resources that can be recycled etc. by way of legislation 2.3 System of environmental health quarantine The government of a country has the right of taking quarantine measures to protect mankind and health of animals and plants, especially to guarantee the

27、people and animals food exempt from the influence of pollutant, toxin, additive, etc., and to guarantee that the mankind exempts from importing the harm with diseases caused by the animals and plants. Regulation of "the hygiene and animal and plant quarantine measure agreement": each membe

28、r has the right to take the hygiene and animal and plant quarantine measure, but should be by protecting the lives of the mankind, livestock and plant or not exceeding healthily, and should not violate the non-discrimination principle. 3.The Impact of“Green Barrier”on the Trade of Chinese Agricultur

29、al Products Agricultural products have been a competitive product of the foreign export of our country within quite a long time. After reform and opening-up, as our country exports the constant improvement of the product specification, the export of agricultural products has already dropped to the s

30、econdary position, but the annual volume of export is still large. At present, main agricultural products that our country exports are meat birds, beasts and eggs, marine product, fruits and vegetables products, etc. Because of the prevailing of green barrier, the export of Chinese agricultural prod

31、ucts receives serious influence in recent year 3.1 Green barriers have limited the present stage of export range of Chinese agricultural products The important export markets of agricultural products of China are developed countries and some new developing industrialized countries, such as USA, Japa

32、n, European Union, etc., and these countries implement the green country with more serious barrier exactly. They rely on the advanced technological advantage to examine the system of quarantining after making strict hygiene on animals and plants, agricultural products produced with the processing te

33、chnical standard, residue amount of agriculture chemical and toxicant and require etc., the packing of product and treatment which pack the offal. These complicated, harsh standard and system influence the export range of agricultural products of our country seriously, because a lot of agricultural

34、products can't be exported without according with these regulations and requirement. The agricultural product range of the "green barrier" is bigger and bigger. The implemented technological ranges of barrier in some developed countries for Chinese agricultural products export increase

35、 constantly, and have already included most agricultural products, such as grain, fruit, Vegetables, livestock produce, aquatic produces, birds' products, tea, etc. 3.2 Green tariff respects In recent years, the western countries are collecting, replenishing and carrying on the environment to du

36、mp the investigation to the import of agricultural products constantly in the name of protecting the environment, to impose the import surtax with polluting the environment or influencing the ecological agricultural product lesson, even limit, forbid importation. 3.3 Market access respects The impor

37、ter should check the production equipment of the exporter, thus guarantee that the imported products can respond to the request that national environmental protection is standard. In this way, the exporter will pay the fund, technology and human extra resources, will increase the cost of goods, and

38、worsen the terms of trade of the exporter. 3.4 Strengthen the control on agricultural product trade of China from developed countries The developed countries relying on the status of the big trading nation and advanced technological advantage make the strict environmental protection regulation and r

39、elatively harsh technical standard to control the agricultural product exports of developing countries. Ten addition, World Trade Organization has not made the clear norm to the environmental question in international trade at present, causing developed country members to utilize this "green ar

40、ea" to play "the edge ball", and in the name of taking advantage of protecting the environment to implement trade discrimination against developing countries. China is hurt deeply in this respect 4 Countermeasures for Chinese Agricultural Product Trade to Deal with Green Barrier 4.1 T

41、he green marketing of barrier The green marketing of barrier which also called environmental marketing or ecological marketing to cross over the green barrier, requires all enterprises to establish environmental consciousness in the whole course of producing and managing with the sustainable develop

42、ment strategy, to launch it in order to dispel, reduce the products and marketing activity to ecological environmental impact of service, and through the micro behavior of enterprises to promote the sustainable development of the human environment and economy. In develop the green products, it shoul

43、d begin with collecting relevant international green information actively in green marketing, research and analyze, and process the information deeply for the use of enterprises. In addition, enterprises should choose the green resource, should pay attention to the green design, develop green packag

44、ing, process the link of selling etc. to check strictly in production, in order to improve product quality conscientiously. Enterprises will make the green marketing association, green products and green price, green channel, green will be promoted and combined together organically, implementing the

45、 green marketing strategy will be in all round way. Green marketing is based on regular marketing, emphasize that unites the interests three of consumption demand, enterprise's interests and environmental protection organically, it is a kind of more advanced social marketing, green marketing pay

46、s attention to environmental protection even more than social marketing. The main content of green marketing is to collect green information, green products, counting and packing, making the green price, setting up green marketing channel and promoting etc. green green, enterprises can already impro

47、ve the competitiveness in the international market of the products through one's own green image while implementing " green marketing ", can play and lead and strengthen function green on the public consumer behavior, help to open up the green product market 4.2 To carry out IS014000 a

48、uthentication conscientiously, adopt the green standard actively Guide the new development of the marketing strategy. ISO14000 is the international environmental management standard, its aim is through setting up and implementing environmental management to achieve and improve the environmental beha

49、vior, purpose to prevent environmental pollution continuously, it is the new environment management, which is suitable for all enterprises. No matter for enterprises or for the brand, ISO14000 is all the first passport of international trade; it is "green pass" which breaks the green harri

50、er that any country sets up. 4.3 The policy of the agriculture 4.3.1 Set up to the environmental protection type agricultural production subsidy measure. Improve the “green”content that our country exports agricultural products during a shorter time, should use high-efficient, low-toxicity pesticide

51、, equilibrate fatly and examining the soil and applying fertilizer from encouraging peasants at first, develop " green agriculture " to start with, the government for enough compensation to the economic losses that peasants implement the environmental plan and suffer 4.3.2 Carry on financi

52、al support to the supply of the environmental protection type agricultural assets product. Government to environmental protection research and development and produce, offer, replenish and reward of means of agricultural production, the route to supply from the agricultural goods and materials with

53、is set about, change the thinkings of development of agricultural goods and materials such as the existing chemical fertilizer,etc., develop and produce and turn environmental protection and giving consideration to type means of agricultural production of output to to develop and produce by the high

54、-efficient type means of agricultural production, improve agricultural productivity on the basis of sustainable development. 4.3.3 Support environmental protection type research of agricultural science and technology and technology popularization in a more cost-effective manner, encourage the agricu

55、ltural production structure to optimize. Study on environmental protection type agricultural technology and push away, use, can get up, get, protect the environment and keep the double efficiency of the output. 4.3.4 Set up and replenish beasts and birds cultivating, transporting, butchering, enviro

56、nmental protection of the processing course. We should be in propagating, improving the standard of peasant household's animal's welfare consciousness in a more cost-effective manner, help peasant households to carry out cultivating, transportation of the welfare content up to standard with

57、slaue standard in financial support way 4.3.5 Support and lead it and study links of popularizing, transporting, processing etc. and offer the service up to standard of high quality in environmental protection type agricultural products in a more cost-effective manner, create conditions for evading

58、the trade barrier effectively 4.4 Accelerate the construction of standardized system Perfect agriculture's standardized system, realize the standardization of agriculture produces, it not merely helps to bring about an agricultural advance to promote agricultural products international competiti

59、on, can improve the international environment of the agricultural products trade of our country too. It should adopt the international standard and advanced standard of foreign countries actively first to accelerate the construction of standardized system, accelerate formulation and modification of the agricultural quality level of