高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法代詞

1、學(xué)科教師輔導(dǎo)學(xué)案課題,代詞教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)，人稱(chēng)代詞人格及各個(gè)格的用法，其他代詞的用法教學(xué)目標(biāo)-學(xué)習(xí)掌握人稱(chēng)代詞的五格，相關(guān)用法和其他代詞的用法教學(xué)內(nèi)容高考導(dǎo)航順風(fēng)啟程最新考綱常見(jiàn)題型近五年高考真題代詞的用法辨析語(yǔ)法填空和改錯(cuò)【2019 新課標(biāo)I卷短文改錯(cuò)】From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school.知識(shí)梳理1、代詞的定義：代詞是代替名詞并起到名詞作用的詞。2、代詞的種類(lèi)人稱(chēng)代詞用來(lái)指代人或物的代詞，它必須在人稱(chēng)、數(shù)（單、復(fù)數(shù)）上與被指代的名詞保持TL物主代詞表示所屬關(guān)系的代詞，分為 形容詞性物主代詞

2、和名詞性物主代詞。反身代詞強(qiáng)調(diào)的是某人自己，如 myself, yourself, himself, itself等，主賓一致致使用。指示代詞表示這個(gè)、那個(gè)、這些、那些"指向性的代詞，主要有this,that, these, those。疑問(wèn)代詞who, whom, whose, which, what等用于引出特殊疑問(wèn)句的代詞。不定代詞不明確代替哪個(gè)具體名詞的代詞。如 some, any, all, both, every, much, many 等。相互代詞只有each other和one another兩個(gè)，都表小 相互”的意思，但兩者有一定的區(qū)別。each other 表小兩

3、者NI用的相互, one another表小二者或二者以上的相互。3、人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞的用法代詞的形式變化表人稱(chēng)數(shù)主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞第一人稱(chēng)單數(shù)Imemyminemyself復(fù)數(shù)weusouroursourselves第二人稱(chēng)單數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself復(fù)數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself復(fù)數(shù)theythemtheirtheirsthemselves三種代詞用法特別注意。1. 人稱(chēng)代詞的順序： 單

4、數(shù)：你：她（他）：我【you, she/he and I】；數(shù)：我們：你們：他們【we, you, they!。 eg 1. You, she and I are in the same school.我他我們一個(gè)學(xué)校。2. We, you and they are all from Beijing 大家都是北京人。II. it的特殊用法：it除了指事”或物”以外：還常用干指時(shí)間、天氣、距離、不知T牛別的人、形式豐語(yǔ) 和形式賓語(yǔ)等。e.g: 1.It_' s a rainy day today天是下雨天。1.1 t is about ten minutes ' walk fro

5、mhere. 行大概要十分鐘。3 .-Who is knocking at the door?誰(shuí)在敲門(mén)？-LL is Tom.是湯姆4 .LL is important to learn English 學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)很重要5.I think It important to keep healthy保持健康很重要III.常用的含有反身代詞的固定詞組。一by oneself 獨(dú)自help oneself to 隨便吃make oneself at home另拘束, 像在自己家樣enjoy oneself玩得開(kāi)心teach oneself 自學(xué)say to oneself自 言自語(yǔ)look at one

6、self in the mirror 照鏡子4、指示代詞的用法指示代詞表示 這個(gè)，那個(gè)，這些，那些"指向性的代詞為指示代詞，主要有：this, that, these, those 0其 中this, these指在時(shí)間或空間上離說(shuō)話人較近的人或物；that, those指在時(shí)間或空間上離說(shuō)話人較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。this和that指代的是單數(shù)名詞，these和those指代的是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。that, those常用來(lái)代替前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的名詞或名詞詞組，以免重復(fù)。e.g: I.The weather in winter in Shanghai is much warmer than that i

7、n Beijing.上海的冬天比北京暖和多了。2. The apples in that box are bigger thanhose in this box.那個(gè)箱子里的蘋(píng)果比這個(gè)箱子里的大。5、不定代詞的用法不定代詞是不明確代替哪個(gè)具體名詞的代詞。 常用的不定代詞有：one, ones, both, all, either, neither, othe another, none, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a)few, (a)little。還有由 some-, any-, no-和 every-合成 的不定代詞。1. one4口 ones

8、 的用法cone/ones指人或物，可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。one 用來(lái)替代前面的單數(shù)名詞，ones用來(lái)替代前面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞 ,以避免重復(fù)。e.g: 1. I lost my old camera; this is a new one.我丟了 舊的照相機(jī)，這個(gè)是新的2. Red apples often taste better than green ones蘋(píng)果比青蘋(píng)果甜。II. either, neither, both 和 all 的用法ceither兩者中的任何一個(gè)neither兩者都不both兩者都，反義詞是neitherall三者或以上都，反義詞是nonee.g: I.There ar

9、e a lot of trees on either side of the streetM兩邊有彳艮多樹(shù)。2 . Both of his parents are teachers 他的父母者 B 是老師。3 .A11 of the students are happy on Children' s Day.所有的孩子兒童節(jié)都很開(kāi)心。III. the other, another,others和 the others 的用法。the other表示（兩者中的）另一個(gè)another 表示（三個(gè)或以上中的）另一個(gè)e.g: 1.I have two uncles. One is a poli

10、ceman and the other is a doctor.我有兩個(gè)叔叔，一個(gè)是警察，另一個(gè)是醫(yī)生。2.Here are three apples. One is red, another is green and the third is yellow.這里有三個(gè)蘋(píng)果，一個(gè)是紅的，另外一個(gè)是青的，第三個(gè)是黃的。others表示另一些（人或物），不包括所有其余的。the others 表示所有其余的。e.g:1.After class, some students are talking with each other, and others are playing games.下課后，一

11、些同學(xué)正在聊天，另一些正在玩游戲。2.1 have got ten pencils. Two of them are red and the others are blue.我有十支筆，兩個(gè)是紅色的，其余的是藍(lán)色的。V. some禾口 any的用法。some一般用于肯定句中，any多用于否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句中。e.g: 1.There are some apples in the box 箱子里有些蘋(píng)果。2.Do you have any water here?這里有水嗎？疑問(wèn)句一般不用some,只有當(dāng)表示邀請(qǐng)或期待對(duì)方做出肯定回答時(shí)才能用somee.g: Would you like some

12、 coffee?你想要來(lái)點(diǎn)咖啡嗎？any用于肯定句，后面修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，表示任一”。e.g: The teacher likes any student in her class.這個(gè)老師喜歡他班里的每一個(gè)學(xué)生。VI. （a）few_和（a） little_的用法。few, little:幾乎沒(méi)有（否定語(yǔ)氣）a few,.a Jittle: 一些；很少(肯定語(yǔ)氣)few, a few 指可數(shù)名詞，只能與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)搭配little, a little 指不可數(shù)名詞，只能與不可數(shù)名詞搭配e.g: 1. Let ' s buy some milk. There is little in

13、 the fridge.讓我們?nèi)ベI(mǎi)些牛奶，冰箱里沒(méi)有了。2. He has a few friends. He often plays with them.VII. many 和 much 的用法。many表示許多，指可數(shù)的事物，只能與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)搭配；much表示許多，指不可數(shù)的事物，只能與不可數(shù)名詞搭配。e.g: 1. Would you like to have a look at my stamps? I have many.你想看看我的郵票嗎？我有很多。2. He doesn ' t know much about this company寸這個(gè)公司知道不是彳艮多。VIII.

14、 some, any-, every禾口 no-可以分另1I禾口 -thing, -body,-one構(gòu)成的合成不定代詞用法。some構(gòu)成的不定代詞多用于肯定句中，any-構(gòu)成的不定代詞用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。e.g: 1. I have something to tell you.我有些事情要告訴你。2. Do you see anybody in the room孫有沒(méi)有看到房間里有人。修飾合成不定代詞的定語(yǔ)要放在它們后面。e.g: Something terrible happened during our trip to that mountain.去往山上的旅途中，發(fā)生了件嚴(yán)重的事情知

15、識(shí)自測(cè)代詞練習(xí)一、單項(xiàng)選擇題()1. The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than in Shenyang.A. thatB. itC. thisD.one()2. Mr. Green is our English es from the USA.A. HeB. SheC. ItD.They()3. My bike is broken. May I borrow?A. youB. yourselfC. yoursD.your()4. Would you like some tea? Yes, just.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. l

16、ittle bitve had enough.()5. Would you like some tea or coffee?. Thanks, IA. Either B. Neither C. SomeD. Both()6. I bought exercise books with money.A. a few, a fewB. a few, a littleC. a little, a fewD. a little, a little()7. I made the cake by. Help, Tom.A. ourselves, yourself B. myself, yourselfC.

17、myself, youD. me, him()8. Enjoy, Mark and Mary.A. yourselfB. myselfC. yourselvesD. themselves()9. She is a student and name is Mary.A. she B. her C. hersD. his()10. She will go skating andA. such B. same()11.hat is this? ItA. Whose, meC. Whom, hisI will do.C. the same as D. the same s.B. Who, mineD.

18、 Whose, mine()12. The population of China is larger than of Japan.in his class.A. one B. itC. thatD. those)13. Lily is more clever thanA. anybodyB. anyone elseC. else anyoneD. somebody else)14.like music.A. Both of themB. Both of theyC. The both girlsD. Both themin my bottle.)15. Could you give me s

19、ome ink? Sorry, I haveA. a few B. fewC. a littleD. little()16. He has to tell us.A. something importantB. important somethingC. anything usefulD. useful nothing()17. Would you like coffee? Yes, I' d like.A. any, any B. some, some C. some, any D. any, some()18.of the teachers are excellent in our

20、 school.A. Every B. Each C. EitherD. All()19. Of the two foreigners, one is from London and is from the USA.A. the othersB. the otherC. another oneD. both()20. Which would you like, tea or coffee?is OK.A. EitherB. NeitherC. AnyD. Both()21. Help to some chicken, boys and girls.A. youB. yoursC. yourse

21、lf D. yourselves()22. -What do you usually have for breakfast?-milk and eggs.A. Little, a littleB. A few, fewC. A little, a fewD. A few, a little()23. Who taughthistory last year? Nobody! He learned it _.A. him, himselfB. his, himselfC. himself, himselfD. his, him()24. The farmer is busy because he has so sheep to keep and so work to do.A. much, manyB. many, muchC. many, a lotD. a lot, much二、單句改錯(cuò)。1. Li Ming is more careful