定語從句教師用講義

1、高中英語語法定語從句專項講解及練習(xí)定語從句是高中重點知識，也是高考?？键c，大家也不容易掌握，這篇文章主要教你關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的 定語從句，關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句，判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞限制性和非限制性定語從句等內(nèi)容，有例 題講解。定語從句在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which 等。關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why 等。定語從句中的關(guān)系詞有兩個作用，一是形式上，引導(dǎo)定語從句。二是意義上，代替先行詞在從句中做 某種成分。這是理解

2、定語從句和其他從句的關(guān)鍵。一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞 在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。1) who, whom, that這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語和賓語。例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想見的人嗎？ ( who/that在從句中作主語)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)2) whos

3、e用來指人或物，(只用作定語 ，若指物，它還可以同 of which互換)。例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了, 大家者B跑過去幫忙。Please pass me the book whose (of which ) cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書。3) which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in th

4、e countryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作賓語)The package (which / that ) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作賓語)二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。1)關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使 用。例如：There are occasions w

5、hen (on which ) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。Beijing is the place where (in which ) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why (for which ) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？2) that代替關(guān)系副詞，可以用于表示時間、 地點、方式、理由的名詞后取代 when, where, why和"介+which" 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略。例如：His father died the

6、year (that / when / in which ) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which ) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。尤其是當(dāng)先行詞為 way和reason時，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞通常都省略。如：This is the reason (why,for which)I did it.I couldn't agree with the way (that,in which)she talk

7、ed to her parents.三、判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 這是我去年呆過的山村。I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 我永遠不會忘記與你共事的日子。判斷改錯：（錯）This is the mountain village where I visited l

8、ast year.（錯）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（對） This is the mountain village （which ） I visited last year.（對） I'll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。方法二：準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系

9、副詞。例 1. Is this museum you visited a few days age?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one例 2. Is this the museum the exhibition was held.A. where B. that C. on which D. the one例 1 變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢his museum is you visited a few days ago.例 2 變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢his is the museum the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而 wher

10、e, that, on which都不能起到賓語白作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選 D。而句2中，主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點，既可用副詞where,又因in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which引導(dǎo)地點狀語。而此題中，介詞 on用的不對，所以選 A。關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、 定、賓語時，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who, whom,that, which, whose ）;先行詞在從句中做狀語時， 應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞（where地點狀語，when時間狀語，why原 因狀語）。四、限制性和非限

11、制性定語從句1）定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不 明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號 分開。例如：This is the house which we bought last month.這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。（非限制f生）2）當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物本代詞和指示代詞所修飾時.其后的口語從句通常是非限制性的。例如：Charles

12、Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理.史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說很動人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。3）非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞，對其進行修飾，這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。例如：He seems not to have

13、grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。說明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞 why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。五、 介詞+關(guān)系詞1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2） that前不能有介詞。3） 某些在從句中充當(dāng)時間.地點或原因狀語的 "介詞 +關(guān)系詞'"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞 when 和 where 互換。例如 This is the hous

14、e in which I lived two years ago. 這是我兩年前住過的房子。This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？Do you remember the day when you joined our club?六、as, which非限定性定語從句由as, which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當(dāng)于 and this或and that。As一般放在句首，w

15、hich在句中。例如：As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我們所知， 吸煙有害健康。The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太陽使地球暖起來，這對我們?nèi)祟愥荇拗匾?。典型例題1) Alice received an invitation from her boss,came as a surprise.A. it B. that C. which D. he答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用 which., it和he都使后句成為句子，兩個

16、獨立的 句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。2) The weather turned out to be very good,was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it答案Bo which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。3) It rained hard yesterday,prevented me from going to the park.A. that B. which C. as D.

17、 it答案B. as和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思，且在定 語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點：(1) as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而 which 不可。(2) as代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句 中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。在本題中，prevent由于是行為動詞，所以正確選項應(yīng)為B。as的用法例1. the same句s suchas中的as是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu)，和一樣。例如：I have got into the same trouble as he (has).我碰到了跟他

18、一樣的麻煩。例2. as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有'正如'。例如：As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語；例2中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語，謂語動詞know要用被動式。七、關(guān)系代詞that的用法1)不用that的情況a)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時。例如:(錯) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is ve

19、ry famous here.b) 介詞后不能用。例如： We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我們依賴土地獲得食物。We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2)只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況a) 當(dāng)主句以here,there開頭時。Here is the hotel that you've been looking for.There is a seat in the corner that is still not taken.b) 在不定代

20、，sj, 如： everything,anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用 that ,不用which.All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油問題。c) 先行詞有the only, the very修飾時，只用that 。d )先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用 that。It is the most important task that should be finished soon.e ) 先行詞既有人，又有物時。We were deep

21、ly impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.f) 先行詞本身是that 時，引導(dǎo)詞須用which. 如：What s that which flashed in the sky just now?g) 主句中有who,which 等疑問代詞時，為避免重復(fù)只用that.Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?八、分隔式定語從句(先行詞與定語從句分離)1 、被介詞短語分開。I have a painting by a painter which was sent to me for

22、my birthday.2 、被謂語分開。The professor entered the hall who had just presented several lectuers.九、 主謂一致問題。當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語時，須注意與從句謂語動詞是否一致。從句謂語動詞的形式1 、取決于先行詞。如：Mr Smith ,who is mow downstairs,is asking to see you.The Smith ,who are now downstairs ,are asking to see you.2、兩個特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)。One of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語。the (

23、only,very,right,)one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+單數(shù)謂語Jeff is one of the students who were awarded.Jeff is the only one of the students who was awarded.十、有些“動詞+介詞”短語，不可把介詞置于關(guān)系詞前，否則，將會失去動詞短語本身的含義。This is the town which the writer lived in 20 years ago.這個句子也可以改寫成：This is the townin which the writer lived 20 years ag

24、o.但是， This is the tape for which I'm looking .這個句子是錯的，因為look for 短語整體表達“尋找”的含義，分開來就沒有這個含義了。所以，正確的表達應(yīng)該是：This is the tape which I'm looking for.除了 look for 短語之外，類似的短語還有：look after ,look forward to,care for,deal with,hearfrom/of/about, get through 等。十一、省略關(guān)系代詞的情況。1 、關(guān)系代詞在從句中做動詞的賓語時。I have been t

25、o the city twice (that/which)you just visited.2 、關(guān)系代詞在從句中做介詞的賓語，并且介詞在從句句尾時。Generation gap is a problem (which/that)people are interested in.3 關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語時。After a score of years,John is not the naughty boy (who/that)he used to be.定語從句習(xí)題1 .The place interested me most was the Children's Palace.A.

26、 Which B. whereC. whatD. in which2 .Do you know the man ?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel last month.A. which they stayedB. at that they stayedC. where they stayed atD. where they stayed4 .Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A

27、. whichB. thatC. whenD. on which5 .That is the day I'll never forget.A. which B. on whichC. in whichD. when6 .The factory we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to whichC. whichD. in which7 .Great changes have taken place since then in the factory we are working.A. whereB. th

28、atC. whichD. there8 .This is one of the best films .A. that have been shown this yearB. that have shownC. that has been shown this yearD. that you talked9 .Can you lend me the book the other day?A. about which you talkedB. which you talkedC. about that you talkedD. that you talked10 .The pen he is w

29、riting is mine.A. with whichB. in whichC. on whichD. by which11 .They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12 .The engineer my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whomB. on whomC. with whichD. with whom13.It there anyone in your class family is in t

30、he country?A. who B. who's C. whichD. whose14.1 'm interested in you have said.A. all that B. all what C. thatD. which15.I want to use the same dictionary was used yesterday.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. as16 .He isn't such a man he used to be.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. as17 .He is good at English

31、, we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what18 .Li Ming, to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went withB. with whom I went C. with who I wentD.I went with him1.1 I don't like as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20 .He talked a lot about things and persons

32、 they remembered in the school.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. what21 .The letter is from my sister, is working in Beijing.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of are women.A. themB. whichC. whom D. who23.You're the only person I've ever met could do it.

33、A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book, I can't remember now.A. whose title B. its titleC. the title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, Hangzhou is famous in the world.A. for whichB. for thatC. in whichD. what26.1 have bought such a watch was advert

34、ised on TV.A. that B. whichC. as D. it27.1 can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together.A. when; which B. which; whenC. what; that D. on which; when28 .The way he looks at problems is wrong.A. whichB. whose C. what D./29 .This is the reason he didn't come to the meet

35、ing.A. in whichB. with whichC. thatD. for which30 .This machine, for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have lookedB. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked afterD. I have looked after31 .The reason he didn't come was he was ill.A. why; thatB.that;whyC. for that;that

36、 D.for which;what32 .He is working hard, will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who33 .That is not the way I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which34.I have two grammars, are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of thatD. both of which35.I want to use t

37、he same tools used in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which36. My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, was very kind of them.A. who B. whichC. that D. it37. This is the magazine I copied the paragraph.A. that B. whichC. from that D. from which38. He

38、 is not such a man would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as39. You can depend on whatever promise he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose40. Smoking, is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. itD. though41. - Did you ask the guard happened? - Yes, he told me all he k

39、new.A. what; that B. what; whatC. which; whichD. that; that42. I shall never forget those years I lived on the farm withthe farmers, has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; whichC. which; that D. when; which43. The number of the people who cars increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own;

40、 is D. own; are44. During the days , he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followed B. followingC. to follow D. that followed45. Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, he could see was going on inside house.A. which; what B. th

41、rough which; what C. through that; what D. what; that47. Is some German friends visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where48. John got beaten in the game, had been expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who49. I have bought two ballpens, writes well.A. non

42、e of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which50. All that can be eaten eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been1. These houses are sold at such a low price people expected.A. likeB. asC.thatD. which2. I've never heard so interesting a story you told me.A. as

43、B. thatC.of whichD. about which3. I've seen the same film you saw yesterday.A. thatB. whichC.asD. like4. I'll buy the same coat you wear.A. that B. which C. as D. like5. He made another wonderful discovery, of great importance to science.A. which I think isB. which I think it isC. which I th

44、ink itD. I think is6. is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. What7. This is the first time he has been here.A. thatB. whenC. at whichD. which8. I don't like you speak to her.A. the way B. they way in that C. the way which D. the way of which歷

45、屆高考英語單項選擇題定語從句精選26.His parents wouldn t let him marry anyone family was poor.A.of whom B.whomC.of whose D.whose27.She heard a terrible noise, brought her heart into her mouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that1.1 In the dark street , there wasn t a single person she could turn for help.A.thatB.whoC.from whomD.

46、to whom29 .The weather turned out to be very good , was more than we could expect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it30 .After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when31 Carol said the work would be done by October,personally I doubt very muc

47、h.A. itB.thatC.whenD.which32 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ,of course , made the others unhappy.A whoB whichC thisD what33 .Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , was very reasonable.A.which priceC.the price of whichC.its priceD.the price of whose34 .has already be

48、en pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.Which35 .He lived in London for 3 months , during time he learned some English.A.thisB.whichC.thatD.same36.On the wall hung a picture, color is blue.A.whoseB.of whichC.whichD.its37 .Whenever I met him , was fairly often, I like his

49、sweet and hopeful smile.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when38 .The visitor asked the guide to take his picture stands the famous tower.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.there39 .The boss department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.A.in whichB.in thatC.in whoseD.whose40.I don t like you speak to her.A.the

50、 wayB.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which41.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella .I got wet through .A.It s the reasonB.That s whyC.There s whyD.It s how42.He made another wonderful discovery , of great importance to science.A.which I think isB.which I think it isC.which I think i

51、tD.I think which is參考答案單項選擇定語從句15 A C A B A 610 B C C A D 1115 C B D D A 1620 D C A B B 2126 B B 參考答案及解析1. A. which 用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作主語。2. C. " 和誰講話”要說 speak to sb. 本題全句應(yīng)為Do you know the man whom I spoke to. 。 whom 是關(guān)系代詞，作介詞 to 的賓語，可以省略。3. D. where 是關(guān)系副詞，表示地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。4. C. when 是關(guān)系副詞，表示時間，在定語從

52、句中作時間狀語。5. A. which 是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作forget 的賓語。其他幾個答案都不能作賓語。6. C. 解析同第5 題。7. A. 解析見第3 題。8. A. 本句話的先行詞應(yīng)該是films, 因此，關(guān)系代詞that 是負(fù)數(shù)概念，其謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)述的被動語態(tài)havebeen shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞 the,則the one應(yīng)該視為先行詞。9. A.談到某事物”應(yīng)說talk about sth.。about是介詞，其后要用 which作賓語，不能用that。10. A. with which是"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"結(jié)構(gòu)，常用來引導(dǎo)定語從句.

53、with有"用"的意思，介詞之后只能用 which,不 能用 that. with which 在定語從句中作狀語,即 he is writing with a pen.11. C. in front of which 即 in front of a farmhouse. In front of which 在從句中作狀語.12. D. with whom 引導(dǎo)定語從句.with whom 放在從句中即為:my father works with the engineer.13. D. whose 引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作主語family 的定語 .14. A. that

54、引導(dǎo)定語從句,因為先行詞是all, 所以只能選用that 引導(dǎo) .15. D. the same 是as定用法，as引導(dǎo)定語從句時，可以作主語，賓語或表語.在本句話中，as作從句的主語.16. D. such 曷固定用法，as引導(dǎo)定語從句時，可以作主語，賓語或表語.在本題中，as作表語.17. B. as作關(guān)系代詞可以單獨用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。這時as所指代的不是主句中某個名詞，而往往指代整個主句的含義。as 在從句中可以作主語、賓語。從句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作賓語 .18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much 是主句 ,with who

55、m I went to the concert 是定語從句.with whom 放在從句中為 :I went to the concert with Li Ming.19. C. as引導(dǎo)定語從句時通常構(gòu)成such a或the same胸定搭配，其中 such和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關(guān)系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。Such修飾單數(shù)名詞時，要用such a.本題中such books, such直接修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞.20. B. things和persons是先行詞.當(dāng)定語從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人，又表示物的名詞時，其關(guān)系代詞要用that.21.

56、 D. who 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,who 作從句的主語.22. C. two thirds of whom 即 :two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23. D.先行詞person后有兩個定語從句，第一個從句省略了關(guān)系代詞whom.因為，whom作從句中met的賓語，可以省略.第二個從句who could do it.who 在從句中作主語,不可省略.24. A. whose title 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,whose title 也可以說成the title of which25. A. for which引導(dǎo)定語從句，使用介詞for,是來自于從句中的固定短語be famous for"以.而聞名”.26. C.當(dāng)先行詞被such修飾時，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞要用as. As在本從句中作主語.27. A.兩個先行詞the day都是表示時間的名詞，但第一個空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語，因此要用關(guān)系副詞when.第二個空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作動詞spent的賓語，因此要用關(guān)系代詞 which或that來引導(dǎo)定語從句.28. D. 在way、 distance、 direction 等詞后的定語從句中，常用that 來代替 “ in（ 或其他介詞）+which ”、 when或where,而that常可省