動詞不定式專題不帶to不定式的十八種情況

1、不帶to不定式的十八種情況動詞不定式通常帶有符號to,叫做帶to的動詞不定式(infinitive with "to"), 動詞不定式有時不帶符號 to,叫做不帶to的動詞不定式(infinitive without r'to1f)不帶to的動詞不定式通常有下面十八種情況：一、與助動詞do連用構成謂語動詞的否認、疑問和強調形式.h c docs not堆心也in tlic lactorY. 他不在這家工廠上班.(2) Does she work herd她在這兒上班嗎？(3) 1 did如t sec her ycsicrday,我昨天沒有看見她.(4) Did th

2、ey take you home? 他們把你送回家了嗎？(5) Hc docs look tired.他看上去確實累了.(6) Thuy did come ycsicrday,他們昨天確實來了.二、與情態(tài)動詞連用構成復合謂語(1) 1 can speak English. 我會說英語.(2) May 1 come in?我能進來嗎？(3) Dare he swim across the river?他敢游過這條河嗎？(4) Wc must work, and above all we must believe in ourselves.我們必須工作,首先我們要信得過自己.(5) Could y

3、ou do something for me?你能為我做點事嗎？(6) You shall go at once. 你得馬上走.(7) He might be working in the office now.他這會兒可能正在上班.(8) I don't think you need have come yesterday 我覺得你昨天沒必要來.They should be here by now.他們這會兒應該到了.(10)If you will go into the fields and turn over a few big stones, you are sure to u

4、ncover a city of am "pcopl".如果你愿意去田間掀開幾塊大石頭,你肯定能 發(fā)現一個“義民城.但與情態(tài)動詞ought(to)連用時通常帶to,和used(to)連用時必須帶10三、 在表示感覺的動詞如：see, look at, watch, hear, listen to, feel, notice, observe, perceive危察,看見),behold (書面用語見到)等后用作賓語補足語 的動詞不定.(1) 1 saw her cross the stiver.我看見她過了大街.(2) He looked at the children w

5、alk up the hill.他看著孩子們上了 山.(3) I watched the boy cro§【he TOad.我看到那男孩過了馬路.(4) 1 heard her play the piano.我聽見她彈鋼琴了.(5) Hc Listened to us talk,他聽我們說話.(6) 1 ftlt tlic floor move.我感到地板動了.(7) 1 didifl notice扣u cmcr.我沒注意到你進來.(8) He observed someone open the door.他注意到有人把門翻開.(9) I did not perceive anyon

6、e c01K hl, 我沒發(fā)覺有人進來.(10) Hc beheld her go out.他見她出去了.但除notice, watch不用被動語態(tài)外,上述動詞變成被動語態(tài)時,其后的動 詞不定式就不省to(1) Slic was seen to cross sired. 有人看見她過了馬路.(2) She was heard to play the piano. 有人聽見她彈鋼琴.四、使役動詞make, let, have, bid, leave(=let)W作賓語補足語的動詞不定式(1) You may take a horse to the waict but you caul make

7、him drink. 馬到河邊是 小事,讓它喝水難上難.(2) 111 let him do it.我會讓他做這事的.(3) Donri forget to have (hem come. 別忘了讓他們來.(4) Bid him go home. 吩咐他回家.(5) Lcavc him go,讓他走.動詞have通常不用丁被動語態(tài),make和bid可用丁被動語態(tài),let偶爾也 可用丁被動態(tài),用作主語補足語的動詞不定式通常帶 to,但在make和let后 有時可以不帶0(l) John was made to wash ilic truck Ibr a week as a pimishmcnl.

8、 約翰被罰洗一 個禮拜的卡車.曲刊齡made(lo) laugh,他被逗笑了.(3) lhc child was lct(to) do iL 這個孩子被迫做這事.五、never與know連用其后作賓語補足語的動詞不定式可省 to,其時態(tài) 多為完成時態(tài).(1)I never knew him act without thinking.我從來不知道他那么 莽撞.I've never known it snow in July before.我以前從來不知道七月會下雪.(3) 1 had never known her ask for pity before. 我以前不知道她會乞求憐憫.有時

9、ever與known連用也有上述用法.(l) Havc voll ever known me tell a lie? 你知道我撒過謊嗎？六、在find后作賓語補定語的動詞不定式有時可以省to,但如動詞為be,那么一般不省to,要省一起省略Irtobe11(1) Wc found (he farm crops(to) do well.我們發(fā)現這個農場莊稼長勢很好.(2) 1 Hud the Chinese people io be happy and cheerful.我發(fā)現中國人很快樂.(3) I found this to be true in all the cities. 關丁這一點,我

10、發(fā)現每個城市都是如 此.We found him (to be) honest/dishonest.我們發(fā)現他老實(不老實).七、在 cannot but, cannot help but, can not choose but,had better(best),would(had) rather(sooner)- than ,would as soon -a茹的動詞不定一般不帶 to(1) Whcn the counirv calls you for help, vou cannot but go.當國家需要你的時候,你別無選擇.(2) He can't help but led s

11、orry血her.他禁不住為她感到遺憾.hchwscbut obey. 他只有服從的份兒.(4) I had better leave now, or I'll be late.我最好現在就走,不然就晚了.(5) Hc had best buy it now while it is still available.趁現在還有,他最好買了.(6) I would rather go mountain-climbing than just take a walk, 他寧肯去爬山也(7) My aunt invited me to the movies, but I said I had r

12、ather go on a picnic with the girls.姨媽請我看電影,可我說我想陪女生去野餐.(8) 1 had sooner live on a fann than in the city.我寧肯住在農場也不愿住在城(9) He would sooner resign than take part in such dishonest business dccdSi 他寧 肯放棄也不愿參與這么虛偽的事情.(10) I'd rather not tell you.我寧肯不告訴你.(11) He said he'd sooner die than betray h

13、is friend.他說死也不愿出賣朋友.八、在but(=except),besides,than后的動詞不定式一般要帶 to,但如果其 前有作謂語的實義動詞do,那么不定式不帶0(1) The soldier has no choice but to obey. 士兵只能服從.(2) He did not have any choice but to obey.他只有服從.(3) Shc did nothing but dean the dishes.她只洗盤子.(4) The children found there was nothing they could do with their

14、 money, except spend it on sweds.孩子們發(fā)現他們的錢只能買些糖果.(5) There seemednothing else to do 烈血6舞訕 for a doctor.好似只能請大夫(but前的實義動詞do不作謂語,but后的不定式可帶to,也可不帶(6) Hcdid nothiing else than 1ml 曲.他只好笑了.(7) 1 could hardly do less than wait 我只好等待.九、不定式作表語時,如主語局部含有實義動詞do,且句子的時態(tài)為一般現在時或一般過去時(多為is或was),不定式可以帶to也可不帶to What

15、 we must do now is (I.)nd anther person to help 仍.我們這會兒要做 的就是再找個人幫我們.(2) A11 he could do was (io) rush into (he room.他所能做的就是沖進房間.如句子的動詞時態(tài)不是一般現在時或一般過去時,作表語的動詞不定式一般(l)Shc knew that all she would have lo do would be to stop crying. 她知道她只 有停止哭泣.十、rather than位丁句首時,其后用不帶 to的不定式,但rather than在句 中時,其后的動詞不定式可

16、以帶to,也可以不帶10(1) Ratlicr than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle. 他總是 喜歡騎自行車,而不愿去擠公交車.(2) Railicr than cause trouble, he ML 不愿惹麻煩,他就離開了.(3) He prefers to rent a car rather than (to) have on of his OWTl 他喜歡租車不想十一、在動詞help后作賓語補足語的動詞不定式可以帶to,也可以不帶,在英國英語中,多用不帶to的不定式,但在英國英語中,help+賓語

17、+不定式 結構中,用不帶to的不定式表示主語直接參與不定式的表示的動作,用帶 to 的不定式表示主語沒有直接參與不定式的表示的動作.(1) Hg helped me repair lhe bicycle.他幫我修了 自行車.(2) Hc helped me to repair the bicycle. 他幫我修了自行車.(R'l'his 血d 0住口叩 helps I.wash the clothes more easily.這種肥皂讓我們 的衣服更好洗.(4) rhc book will help you Io studv Englislr 這本書對你學英語有幫助.但在被動語

18、態(tài)中,help后的不定式要帶10She was helped 心 repair her bicycle.有人幫她修自行車.在help(to) do sth不定式符號to可省略.He helped (to) repathe machine.他幫助修這臺機器.十二、兩個或兩個以上的動詞不定式并列在一起時,第一個不定式帶to,后面的不定式一般省去0(1)Her job is to take care of the children and wash clothes. 她的工作是照料小 孩和洗衣服.The girl doesn't itiiow how to read and write. 這

19、個女孩是個文盲.但如果是在對照場合,那么不省去to(1) It is better to laugh thn tO 即,笑比哭好.(2) The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult 新技術的目的是讓生活更加便利,而不是更難.十三、than連接兩個動詞不定式沒有比照關系時,后一個不定式可以省10(1) You might do worse than (to) do as he does.你可能沒他做得好.(2) I cannot do better than (to)g

20、U away St lhe few days.我最好離開一些日子.下面句子中than連接的不是兩個動詞不定式than后的動詞不定式通常要帶【0(1)I know better than to believe him.我知道要相信他的話.The bcaicn enemy h必no choice血n lo surrender 遭受打擊的敵人只好投 降.下旬中的more than(=only)可以看成復合副詞,后面的動詞不定式不帶to(1)I did not mor 對燦 make a beginning.我才剛剛開始.十四、在why, why not后的不定式不帶to(l)Why spend 泗ha lol of money? 為啥花這么多錢？(2) Why not join lls?為什么不跟我們一塊兒干？(3) Why don't you smoke?你為什么不抽煙？十五、實義動詞dare在現代英語口語中,其所在的否認句或疑問句中,它后的動詞不定式可省to,尤其在一般過去時