四六級(jí)翻譯――中國(guó)典籍翻譯練習(xí)與詞匯

1、1.中文：紅樓夢(mèng)，中國(guó)四大名著之一，由清代（18世紀(jì)中期）作家曹雪芹所 著。它被認(rèn)為是中國(guó)文化的代表作，達(dá)到了中國(guó)小說(shuō)的巔峰。紅樓夢(mèng)以賈 寶玉，林黛玉，薛寶釵的戀愛(ài)婚姻悲劇為主線，揭示了封建大家庭的各種錯(cuò)綜復(fù) 雜的矛盾，表現(xiàn)了封建的婚姻，道德，文化，教育的腐朽和墮落。紅樓夢(mèng)之所 以能流傳百世，不僅是因?yàn)槠渲写罅康娜宋锟坍?huà)和心理描寫(xiě)，還因?yàn)樗鼫?zhǔn)確細(xì) 致地展現(xiàn)了 18世紀(jì)中國(guó)貴族典型的生活和社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)。2 .中文：眾所周知，中國(guó)四大名著指的是水滸傳西游記三國(guó)演義紅 樓夢(mèng)。它們被學(xué)認(rèn)者為是最具影響力的中國(guó)古代小說(shuō)。四大名著寫(xiě)于明清時(shí) 期，如今家喻戶曉。四大名著對(duì)中國(guó)白話文發(fā)展有很大影響。四大名著結(jié)合了

2、 文言文和白話文。例如，三國(guó)演義將古典散文和民間流行說(shuō)法融為一體。紅樓夢(mèng)因以白話文的風(fēng)格寫(xiě)詩(shī)而著名。這四部小說(shuō)被認(rèn)為加快了白話文學(xué) 在中國(guó)文壇上的普及。3 .論語(yǔ)是中國(guó)哲學(xué)家孔子和他同時(shí)代哲學(xué)家言論和思想的集合，傳統(tǒng)上 認(rèn)為是由孔子的后人編寫(xiě)。據(jù)信論語(yǔ)是在戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)代編寫(xiě)，直到中漢時(shí)期定型。 宋末，論語(yǔ)作為哲學(xué)著作的重要性超過(guò)了五經(jīng)。過(guò)去的 2000年里，論語(yǔ)成為在 中國(guó)閱讀和研究最為廣泛的書(shū)籍之一。如今，論語(yǔ)仍然對(duì)中國(guó)和東亞地區(qū)的思 想和價(jià)值觀有著持續(xù)的影響。The Analects is the collection of sayings and ideas of the Chinese ph

3、ilosopher Confucius and his contemporaries,traditionally believed to have been written by Confuciusfollowers.It is believed to have been written during the Warring States period,and it achieved its final form during the mid-Han dynasty.During the late Song dynasty the importance of the Analects as a

4、 philosophy work was raised above that of the older Five Classics. The Analects has been one of the most widely read andstudied books in China for the last 2000years,and continues to have a substantial influence on Chinese and East Asian thought and values today.4 .史記是司馬遷的巨著，寫(xiě)于公元前109到91年。史記記載了從黃帝到司馬

5、遷生活時(shí)期的中國(guó)歷史。不像后來(lái)繼承儒家學(xué)說(shuō)的官方歷史文獻(xiàn)一一鼓吹天賦皇權(quán)，貶低一切失敗的謀反一一司馬遷更加文學(xué)化，中立化的散文享有 盛譽(yù)并被詩(shī)人和小說(shuō)家仿效。列傳的大部分都是事件和人物的生動(dòng)描述。The Records of the Grand Historian,written from 109to 91BC,was the magnum opus of Sima Qian,in which he recounted Chinese history from the time of the Yellow Emperor until his own time.Unlike subsequent

6、 official historical texts that adopted Confucian doctrine,proclaimed the divine rights of the emperors,and degraded any failed claimant to the throne,Sima Qians more liberal and objective prose has been renowned and followed by poets and novelists.Most volumes of Liezhuan are vid descriptions of ev

7、ents and persons.5 .在中國(guó)綿延五千年的歷史中，出現(xiàn)過(guò)許多不同的文學(xué)形式，它們像耀眼的 珍珠般在歷史的長(zhǎng)河中熠熠生輝。先秦文學(xué)是我國(guó)古代文學(xué)發(fā)生發(fā)展的最早階 段，奠定了我國(guó)兩千多年文學(xué)發(fā)展的堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。它主要由上古歌謠和神話、詩(shī)經(jīng)、先秦散文、楚辭為構(gòu)成內(nèi)容。唐詩(shī)宋詞，又被稱(chēng)為文字精華，是中 國(guó)最具代表性的古典文學(xué)之一，短小精煉而又已經(jīng)深遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)美。其中唐詩(shī)以 李杜” 為代表；而宋詞分為多個(gè)流派，例如婉約派，它們?yōu)橹袊?guó)文學(xué)添上濃墨重彩的 一筆。隨著貨幣經(jīng)濟(jì)和城市化的發(fā)展，小說(shuō)成為明清時(shí)期最流行的文學(xué)形式。 提及中國(guó)文學(xué)史上的小說(shuō)，就不得不提四大名著。四大名著，是指水滸 傳、三國(guó)演義、

8、西游記及紅樓夢(mèng)，他們普遍被學(xué)者們稱(chēng)為最偉 大、對(duì)中國(guó)近現(xiàn)代小說(shuō)最有影響力的書(shū)籍，并被譽(yù)為中國(guó)古典小說(shuō)的巔峰之 作。正是這些中國(guó)古代傳統(tǒng)的文學(xué)形式，對(duì)中國(guó)人的心理和精神狀態(tài)產(chǎn)生了決 定性的影響，給予中華民族無(wú)盡的動(dòng)力和靈感，使其不斷進(jìn)步。In the long history of 5000 years in China, there has been many kinds of different literary forms, shing like charming pearls in the river of history.Tang and Song poetry,called the

9、essence of words,are one of the most representative type of Chinese classic literature. They can build long and elegant artistic conception with short and concise words. Among that, Li Bai and Du Fu figure most prominently in the history of Tang poetry. While at Song Dynasty there are many schools o

10、f poetry such as romantic school. They brighten the Chinese classic literature with vibrant colors.It was the traditional liberary forms in ancient China that make the decisive influence on the psychological and spiritual states of Chinese people,giving our nation endless motivation and inspiration to push ourselves ahead.Vocabulary listthe Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literatures 大名著Water Margain 水滸傳Journey to the West 西游記Romance o