賓語從句學案

1、遵義市七中“先學后教，當堂訓練”課題英語學科研究學案課題：賓語從句執(zhí)筆：王朝會 審核人：趙芳 課型：新授課時間：2011年12月 18日 班級： 班 姓名： 一展示目標：1.了解賓語從句的定義。2.了解賓語從句的構(gòu)成及用法。二自主學習1.定義：賓語從句是復(fù)合句的一種，在句子中主要用來作動詞或介詞的賓語。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (動詞賓語)Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介詞賓語)賓語從句三注意，時態(tài)語序引導(dǎo)詞；主句一般現(xiàn)在時，從句不需受限制；主句一般過去時，從句須用相應(yīng)時；陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化that引，一般疑

2、問句用if/whether,特殊問句疑問詞，引導(dǎo)詞后陳述式。2. 時態(tài)（1）.當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，一般將來時或祈使句時，從句不受主句的限制，根據(jù)自身的需要選用相應(yīng)的時態(tài)。例如：I know that he'll come back in an hour.Do you know if/whether he has seen the film?Could you tell me when he was born?（2）.當主句是一般過去時，從句要用過去時的相應(yīng)時態(tài)。例如：He said that he would go to Beijing.I didn't know if/whe

3、ther he had seen the film.She told me she was born in 1985.注意：當主句是一般過去時，而從句表示的是客觀真理，自然現(xiàn)象，科學原理，格言等，從句仍然要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：He said that the earth moves round the sun.The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.Jim said that time is life.3 賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有三類：(1) 以that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，主要用來引導(dǎo)陳述句形式的賓語從句， that可

4、以省略。eg, The radio says (that) the clouds will lift later on.She told me (that) she would like to go with us.(2) 以連接代詞which, what, who等或連接副詞how, where, why 等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，從句是陳述語序eg, Could you tell me what's the matter with u?I want to know how soon it will begin.(3) 以 whether 或 if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句, 主要用來引導(dǎo)一般疑問句意

5、思或選擇疑問句意思的賓語從句，從句同樣是陳述語序eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .4語序無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序，即“主句連詞賓語從句（主語謂語）”句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔任的不同成分，可分為以下四種：1）連接詞謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有： who，what，which等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告訴我誰知道答案嗎？The small children don't know what

6、is in their stockings這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西？2）連接詞名詞謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他問我們班上誰的書法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老師問我們房間里有多少人。3）連接詞主語謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語、狀語或表語。常見的連接詞有：who（m），what，which，ho

7、w many，how much， when，why，how，where，if whether（在句中不充當任何成分）等。如：He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi他還沒決定是否去無錫旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎？4）連接詞名詞主語謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：Do you know which class he is i

8、n ？你知道他在哪個班嗎？She asked me if I knew whose pen it was她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。三、特殊性：A：當do you think后接特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時，句式結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為引導(dǎo)詞do you think陳述句語序。例如：When do you think he'll come back?How many times do you think he has seen the film?Who do you think Tom is waiting for?B:當主句的謂語動詞是think, believe, suppose, guess等時，

9、而且主句的主語是第一人稱時，反意疑問句要和從句保持一致，并且要注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。例如：I think he'll come back soon, won't he?I don't think he'll come back soon，will he?補充：賓語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化1.當主句的謂語動詞是hope, wish, agree, choose, decide等帶賓語從句時，而且主從句的主語一致時，這時從句可以簡化成不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：We hope that we shall see you soon.We hope to see you soon.2.當主句的謂語動

10、詞是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面帶特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化的賓語時，主從句的主語也須一致這時從句可以簡化成“疑問詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”。例如：I don't know which sweater I should buy.I don't know which sweater to buy.He can't decide where he is going.He can't decide where to go.3.當主句的謂語動詞是ask，tell, show, teach等后面帶雙賓語時，從句的主語和間接賓語一致，且從句是由特

11、殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化來時，從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化成“疑問詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the park?Could you tell me how to get to the park?Please teach him how he should learn English well.Please teach him how to learn English well. 注意：一般情況下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情況例外。1. 當從句做介詞的賓于是只用whether 不用ifeg, We are talking about whet

12、her we'll go on the pinic.2. 引導(dǎo)詞與動詞不定式或 not 連用時， 只用whether.eg, Please let me know what to do next.Could you tell me whether u go or not?3. if當如果講時， 引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句， 這時不能用whether.eg, You can't work the plan out if you don't have the meeting .但在下列情況下只能用whether：在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時，尤其是直接與or not連

13、用時，往往用whether（ifor not也可以使用）。如：Let me know whether if he will come or not（Let me know whether or not he will come）讓我知道他是否能來。I don't know whether if he does any washing or not（I don't know whether or not he does any washing）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego我不知道我們是去還是留。在介詞之后用

14、whether。如：I'm interested in whether he likes English我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語。We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我們正在考慮是否能按時完成這項工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings我擔心是否傷了她的感情。在不定式前用whether。如：He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。I don't know

15、whether to go我不知去否。He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。whether置于句首時，不能換用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I can't say這是否真的我說不上來。引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能來還是個問題。The question is whether we can catch the bus問題是我們

16、能否趕上公共汽車。若用if會引起歧義時，則用whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book可理解為：aPlease let me know whether you like the book請告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。bIf you like the book，please let me know你如果喜歡這本書，請告訴我。3）如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如：Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告訴我今天早上你為什么開

17、會遲到嗎？例題解析：舉一反三，學的更輕松！1. The teacher asked the students _.A. if they were interested in dinosaurs B. when was Albert Einstein bornC. what they will do with the computers D. how many trees they have planted解析：賓語從句中從句應(yīng)保持陳述語序，答案B首先刪去，主句一般過去式，從句要用于過去有關(guān)的時態(tài)，刪去答案C和D,答案A中的if 意為如果.應(yīng)選A2. Could you tell me _ ?A

18、. what the matter is with you B. what was the matter with youC. hat's the matter with you D. what's the wrong with you .解析：what 就是從句的主語，what's the matter with you 本身就是陳述語序，因此刪掉A; 主句可看作是委婉的請求，并是一般過去式，可刪去答案B; wrong 前不用加the, 因此此題選 C.3.He asked me _ I could sing the song "My Heart will

19、Go On."A. if B. weather C.what D. that解析：此句應(yīng)選含有疑問意思的關(guān)系代詞， 故刪去D；weather 意為天氣，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選A.4.Our teacher told us that the moon _ round the earth.A. went B. turned C.go D. turns四自學檢測1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catherine said that she

20、_ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today.A. had B. has . C. will have D. are4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the ear

21、th.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled（五）鞏固練習：1 Can you tell me_ you were born, BettyA. who B. what C. when D. that2 I don't know _ they have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where3 I hardly understand. _ he has told me.A. that B. what C. which D. who4 She didn'

22、;t know_ back soon.A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be5. I don't know _ he still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D. when6. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday eveningA. what B when C why D how7. He asked me _told me the accident.A whom B which C

23、who D whose8. Please tell me _what last year.A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked9. She asked me if I knew _.A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it10. You must remember _.A. what your m

24、other said B. what did your mother sayC. your mother said what D. what has your mother said11. Did you know _A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking forC. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after12. Could you tell me _A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing

25、C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing(六)中考鏈接1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. (北京市東城區(qū))A. that B. how C. whatD. if2. I don't know _ Mr. Green will come to see us.He will help us with our English. (杭州市)A. why B. when C. how D. where3. We never know _ the old m an is.They say he is a teacher. (鄂州市)A.